馬書麗 楊曉曦 陳晨 喻靜 周游 路國濤 向曉星 龔衛(wèi)娟 陳煒煒 陳娟
摘要:
目的 探討東西方國家急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)及感染性壞死性急性胰腺炎(IPN)影響因素的區(qū)別,為預(yù)測和預(yù)防ANP的發(fā)生提供理論依據(jù)。方法 在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane library、Web of Science等數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索公開發(fā)表的有關(guān)ANP、IPN的影響因素,檢索期限為建庫至2021年1月21日,運用Meta分析方法進行整合分析。結(jié)果 共納入59項研究,其中22項來自東方國家,37項來自西方國家。結(jié)果顯示, ANP的影響因素:在東方為男性(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.18~1.91,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=1.39,95%CI:1.06~1.71,P<0.01)、D-二聚體(SMD=0.44,95%CI:0.07~0.81,P=0.02)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=3.51,95%CI:1.38~5.64,P<0.01)、酒精性病因(OR=3.57,95%CI:2.68~4.75,P<0.01)、膽源性病因(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.46~0.77,P<0.01);在西方為男性(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.30~2.05,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=2.09,95%CI:1.12~3.05,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=4.28,95%CI:2.73~5.83,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=2.99,95%CI:2.50~3.47,P<0.01)和器官衰竭(OR=10.87,95%CI:2.62~45.04,P<0.01)。IPN的影響因素:在東方為年齡(MD=2.16,95%CI:0.43~3.89,P=0.01)、BMI(MD=1.74,95%CI:1.23~2.25,P<0.01)、白蛋白水平(SMD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.75~-0.12,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=0.58,95%CI:0.04~1.11,P=0.03)、PCT(SMD=0.80,95%CI:0.56~1.04,P<0.01)、D-二聚體(MD=0.23,95%CI:0.15~0.31,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=2.47,95%CI:0.73~4.22,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=1.60,95%CI:1.46~1.73,P<0.01)和壞死范圍≥30%(OR=2.52,95%CI:1.26~5.06,P<0.01);在西方為年齡(MD=4.07,95%CI:1.82~6.31,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=3.28,95%CI:1.39~5.17,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=2.18,95%CI:1.75~2.62,P<0.01)、SIRS評分(OR=3.88,95%CI:1.58~9.51,P<0.01)、酒精性病因(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.42~0.87,P<0.01)和器官衰竭(OR=3.63,95%CI:1.11~11.92,P=0.03)。結(jié)論 當(dāng)前證據(jù)顯示,東方人群ANP的特異性影響因素為膽源性病因及酒精性病因,而Ranson評分是西方人群ANP的特異性影響因素;BMI和壞死范圍≥30%是東方人群IPN特異性影響因素,酒精性病因是西方人群IPN特異性影響因素。
關(guān)鍵詞:
胰腺炎, 急性壞死性; 影響因素; Meta分析
基金項目:
國家自然科學(xué)基金(82004291);江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金(BK20190907);江蘇省六大人才高峰項目(WSN-325)
Influencing factors for acute necrotizing pancreatitis in Eastern and Western countries: A Meta-analysis
MA Shuli1,2,3, YANG Xiaoxi1,3, CHEN Chen3, YU Jing3, ZHOU You3, LU Guotao4, XIANG Xiaoxing1, GONG Weijuan3, CHEN Weiwei1, CHEN Juan1. (1. Department of Gastroenterology, Subei Peoples Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China; 3. School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China; 4. Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of? Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China)
Corresponding author:
CHEN Juan, chenjuan406512@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0002-2181-2636)
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the differences in the influencing factors for acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) between Eastern and Western countries, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prediction and prevention of ANP. Methods Databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for articles on the influencing factors for ANP and IPN published up to January 21, 2021, and a Meta-analysis was performed.? Results A total of 59 studies were included, with 22 studies from Eastern countries and 37 studies from Western countries. The Meta-analysis showed that in Eastern countries, male sex (odds ratio [OR]=1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.91, P<0.01), C-reactive protein (CRP) (standardized mean difference [SMD]=1.39, 95%CI: 1.06-1.71, P<0.01), D-dimer (SMD=0.44, 95%CI: 0.07-0.81, P=0.02), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score (mean difference [MD]=3.51, 95%CI: 1.38-5.64, P<0.01), alcoholic etiology (OR=3.57, 95%CI: 2.68-4.75, P<0.01), and biliary etiology (OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.46-0.77, P<0.01) were the influencing factors for ANP, and in Western countries, male sex (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.30-2.05, P<0.01), CRP (SMD=2.09, 95%CI: 1.12-3.05, P<0.01), APACHE-II score (MD=4.28, 95%CI: 2.73-5.83, P<0.01), Ranson score (MD=2.99, 95%CI: 2.50-3.47, P<0.01), and organ failure (OR=10.87, 95%CI: 2.62-45.04, P<0.01) were the influencing factors for ANP. In Eastern countries, age (MD=2.16, 95%CI: 0.43-3.89, P=0.01), body mass index (BMI) (MD=1.74, 95%CI: 1.23-2.25, P<0.01), albumin level (SMD=-0.43, 95%CI: -0.75 to -0.12, P<0.01), CRP (SMD=0.58, 95%CI: 0.04-1.11, P=0.03), procalcitonin (SMD=0.80, 95%CI: 0.56-1.04, P<0.01), D-dimer (MD=0.23, 95%CI: 0.15-0.31, P<0.01), APACHE-II score (MD=2.47, 95%CI: 0.73-4.22, P<0.01), Ranson score (MD=1.60, 95%CI: 1.46-1.73, P<0.01), and extent of necrosis ≥30% (OR=2.52, 95%CI: 1.26-5.06, P<0.01) were the influencing factors for IPN, while in Western countries, age (MD=4.07, 95%CI: 1.82-6.31, P<0.01), APACHE-II score (MD=3.28, 95%CI: 1.39-5.17, P<0.01), Ranson score (MD=2.18, 95%CI: 1.75-2.62, P<0.01), SIRS score (OR=3.88, 95%CI: 1.58-9.51, P<0.01), alcoholic etiology (OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.42-0.87, P<0.01), and organ failure (OR=3.63, 95%CI: 1.11-11.92, P=0.03) were the influencing factors for IPN. Conclusion Current evidence shows that biliary etiology and alcoholic etiology are unique influencing factors for ANP in the Eastern population, while Ranson score is a unique influencing factor in the Western population. BMI and extent of necrosis ≥30% are unique influencing factors for IPN in the Eastern population, while alcoholic etiology is a unique influencing factor in the Western population.
Key words:
Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Influencing Factors; Meta-analysis
Research funding:
National Natural Science Foundation (82004291); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20190907); Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province (WSN-325)
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)是消化科最常見的疾病,絕大部分AP患者是輕度且自限性的。但10%~20%的患者可進展成為急性壞死性胰腺炎(acute necrotizing pancreatitis, ANP),其中33%的患者仍會進一步進展為病死率更高的感染性壞死性急性胰腺炎(infected pancreatic necrosis, IPN)[1-4]。目前臨床上,ANP的診斷主要采用增強CT(contrast-enhanced computed tomography, CECT),CECT顯示胰腺或胰腺周圍壞死組織內(nèi)有小而不規(guī)則的氣泡或細針穿刺(fine needle aspiration, FNA)細菌培養(yǎng)呈陽性提示為IPN,然而在疾病早期,尤其是發(fā)病48~72 h內(nèi)CECT很少能診斷出ANP,且大約一半的IPN患者CECT不顯示有氣體,F(xiàn)NA并非常規(guī)操作,增加早期識別的難度[5]。而提早發(fā)現(xiàn)高?;颊邔εR床管理和預(yù)后至關(guān)重要。
由于AP的病因、治療和遺傳易感性在東西方存在差異,因此ANP和IPN的影響因素也可能不同。本研究旨在識別并分析早期的風(fēng)險因素,探討這些因素在東西方國家ANP和IPN的預(yù)測和防治方面的價值。
1 資料與方法
1.1 規(guī)程與注冊 本研究根據(jù)PRISMA指南完成,已在PROSPERO注冊(CRD42021168942)。
1.2 檢索策略 檢索了PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library和Web of Sci等數(shù)據(jù)庫,檢索時間均從建庫到2021年1月21日。以“Pancreatitis”,“Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing”主題詞與自由詞相結(jié)合的方式進行檢索,并聯(lián)合文獻追溯法進行手動檢索。
1.3 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)以英文發(fā)表;(2)患者年齡≥14歲;(3)觀察性研究;(4)胰腺壞死需由CECT或活檢或有經(jīng)驗的外科醫(yī)生手術(shù)中診斷,而IPN則由CECT上存在氣泡征或經(jīng)FNA引流或壞死切除獲得的胰腺或胰腺外組織提示培養(yǎng)呈陽性確診;(5)ANP文獻中納入的生化標(biāo)志物和評分系統(tǒng)需要在72 h內(nèi)獲得,而IPN的相關(guān)因素?zé)o時間限制。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)樣本量≤5個;(2)非原始研究,包括會議摘要、個案報告、信件、專家意見、評論等;(3)無法提取數(shù)據(jù);(4)無法獲得全文。
1.4 數(shù)據(jù)提取與質(zhì)量評估 使用EndNote X9軟件嚴(yán)格按照納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行文獻篩選;采用紐卡斯?fàn)?渥太華量表(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, NOS)評估隊列研究和病例對照研究的質(zhì)量;提取數(shù)據(jù)包括:第一作者、國家(東方和西方)、出版年份、研究設(shè)計、研究人群(ANP和IPN)、風(fēng)險因素等。文獻篩選、質(zhì)量評估和數(shù)據(jù)提取均由兩名研究者獨立完成,有分歧由兩名研究者討論,若仍無法達成一致由通信作者裁決。
1.5 東西方概念的界定 本研究共涉及20個國家,將地理位置處于歐洲和北美的國家定義為西方國家。處于亞洲的定義為東方。根據(jù)Mak等[6]的研究,將處于交接處的土耳其定義為東方國家。
1.6 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 使用RevMan 5.3統(tǒng)計軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。分類變量以O(shè)R和95%CI表示,連續(xù)變量以均方差(mean difference,MD)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化均方差(standardized mean difference, SMD)及95%CI表示。參考Hozo等[7]和Wan等[8]提出的方法將中位數(shù)、范圍或四分位數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化x±s。采用Q檢驗和I2檢驗評估異質(zhì)性。當(dāng)P>0.1和I2<50%時,采用固定效應(yīng)模型;否則,采用隨機效應(yīng)模型[9]。當(dāng)I2<75%和P>0.05被認(rèn)為是低異質(zhì)性[10]。當(dāng)異質(zhì)性高時,進行敏感性分析,必要時根據(jù)研究特征進行亞組分析。漏斗圖用于檢測發(fā)表偏倚。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
根據(jù)van der Vlist等[11]和Kunze等[12]的研究,將風(fēng)險因素分為強、中度、弱、邊緣或無證據(jù)。(1)強有力證據(jù):所納入研究中,不止一項研究的NOS評分>7分,且≥75%的研究報告結(jié)果一致或OR值>2.0/<0.8,P<0.05。(2)中度證據(jù):所納入研究中,一項研究的NOS評分>7分,且≥75%的研究報告結(jié)果一致或OR值為1.5~2.0/0.8~0.9,P<0.05。(3)弱證據(jù):所納入研究中,≥75%的研究報告結(jié)果一致或OR值為1.0~1.5/0.9~1.0,P<0.05。(4)邊緣或無證據(jù):所納入研究中,<75%的研究報告結(jié)果一致或P≥0.05。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 文獻檢索結(jié)果 初步納入文獻16 499篇,在去重、查閱標(biāo)題和摘要之后剩余253篇,進一步閱讀全文,最終納入文獻59篇[1,4,13-69],其中37篇[13-49]來自西方,22篇[1,4,50-69]來自東方,具體見圖1所示,納入文獻特征見表1。納入文獻發(fā)表于1986—2019年,其中43篇為隊列研究,16篇為病例對照研究。共包括來自20個國家的12 625例患者,主要涉及國家為德國、美國和中國,共評估66個影響因素,其中30個符合Meta分析要求。所納入文獻NOS評分均≥5分,提示文獻質(zhì)量相對較高[70]。
2.2 ANP的影響因素 共39項[13-19, 21-22, 24-25, 27-32,
34-35, 37-42, 44-45, 48-50, 53, 55-56, 59, 64, 65, 67-69]研究報告了與ANP相關(guān)的影響因素。整體人群的Meta分析顯示,ANP的影響因素包括:男性[13, 16-17, 19, 21-22,
24-25, 27-29, 31, 34-35, 37-38, 40-41,44, 50, 53, 55, 59, 65, 67-68]、Cre[42, 65]、CRP[15-16, 18, 34, 38-40, 59, 64, 68]、D-二聚體[56, 64, 69]、APACHE-Ⅱ 評分[19, 21-22, 28-30, 32, 39-41, 55, 64]、Ranson評分[14, 17, 19, 22, 25, 27-29, 31, 38, 41, 55, 65]、酒精性病因[13,16,19,21, 27-29, 31, 34, 37-38, 40-41, 45, 48, 65, 68]、吸煙[35, 65]和器官衰竭[24, 27, 32, 41]。西方ANP的影響因素為男性(OR=1.63,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=2.09,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=4.28,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=2.99,P<0.01)和器官衰竭(OR=10.87,P<0.01)(表2);東方ANP的影響因素為男性(OR=1.51,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=1.39,P<0.01)、D-二聚體(SMD=0.44,P=0.02)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=3.51,P<0.01)、酒精性病因(OR=3.57,P<0.01)、膽源性病因(OR=0.60,P<0.01)(表3)。結(jié)果提示,東西方影響因素的差異表現(xiàn)在D-二聚體、Ranson評分、器官衰竭、膽源性病因和酒精性病因上。敏感性分析表明結(jié)果具有可靠性。
2.3 IPN的影響因素 共26項[1, 4, 19, 20, 23, 26-27, 29, 33, 36, 38, 43, 46-47, 51-52, 54, 57-58, 60-64, 66]研究調(diào)查了與IPN相關(guān)的影響因素,整體人群Meta分析結(jié)果表明,IPN的影響因素包括年齡[4, 19, 26-27, 29, 33, 36, 38, 43, 46-47, 57-58, 60, 62, 66]、白蛋白[60, 66]、BMI[43, 47, 58, 60, 62, 66]、CRP[38, 57, 60, 62-63, 66]、PCT[57, 63, 66]、D-二聚體[62-63]、APACHE-Ⅱ 評分[19, 26-27, 29, 38, 51, 54, 57, 60,62-63]、Ranson評分[19, 26-27, 29, 33, 38, 54, 57]和壞死范圍≥30%[4, 27, 36, 52, 57-58, 63, 66]。因研究間的異質(zhì)性較大,進一步分析了以IPN和無菌性壞死性急性胰腺炎(sterile pancreatic necrosis, SPN)為研究對象的亞組。結(jié)果表明,年齡[19, 26-27, 29, 36, 38, 46, 58]、WBC[58, 63]、CRP[38, 63]、APACHE-Ⅱ評分[19, 26-27, 29, 38, 51, 54, 63]、Ranson評分[19, 26-27, 29, 38, 54]和壞死范圍≥30%[27, 36, 52, 58, 63]是SPN進展為IPN的影響因素。為進一步比較東西方影響因素的差異,按研究對象的地域分為東西方兩個亞組。結(jié)果顯示:在西方,IPN的影響因素為年齡(MD=4.07,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=3.28,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=2.18,P<0.01)、SIRS(OR=3.88,P<0.01)、酒精性病因(OR=0.61,P<0.01)和器官衰竭(OR=3.63,P=0.03)(表4);在東方人群中,與IPN相關(guān)的影響因素是年齡(MD=2.16,P=0.01)、BMI(MD=1.74, P<0.01)、白蛋白水平(SMD=-0.43,P<0.01)、CRP(SMD=0.58,P=0.03)、PCT(SMD=0.80,P<0.01)、D-二聚體(MD=0.23,P<0.01)、APACHE-Ⅱ評分(MD=2.47,P<0.01)、Ranson評分(MD=1.60,P<0.01)和壞死范圍≥30%(OR=2.52,P<0.01)(表5)。結(jié)果表明,BMI、CRP、PCT、D-二聚體和壞死范圍≥30%僅在東方國家有顯著性差異,東方國家發(fā)生IPN的影響因素明顯多于西方國家。對異質(zhì)性高的東西方IPN的影響因素進行敏感性分析顯示:在西方,器官衰竭結(jié)果不穩(wěn)定;在東方,APACHE-Ⅱ評分結(jié)果穩(wěn)定,CRP、SAP、壞死范圍≥30%的結(jié)果不穩(wěn)定。在分別去除Shen等[60]、Chen等[63]和Cao等[66]的研究之后,CRP(SMD=0.30,95%CI:0.11~0.48;I2=42%,P異質(zhì)性=0.16)、SAP(OR=15.20,95%CI:10.38~22.25;I2=0,P異質(zhì)性=0.32)和壞死范圍≥30%(OR=3.55,95%CI:2.52~5.00;I2=27%,P異質(zhì)性=0.24)的異質(zhì)性顯著降低。進一步以IPN和SPN分組,探討器官衰竭影響因素的異質(zhì)性來源。結(jié)果顯示器官衰竭(OR=2.63,95%CI:0.59~11.80;I2=80%,P異質(zhì)性=0.006)不能區(qū)分IPN和SPN,且敏感性分析結(jié)果穩(wěn)定。
2.4 發(fā)表偏倚 發(fā)表偏倚采用進行漏斗圖進行識別,結(jié)果顯示:年齡、性別、酒精性病因、膽源性病因、APACHE-Ⅱ評分和Ranson評分的漏斗圖均表現(xiàn)為左右對稱分布,表明本研究結(jié)果無明顯發(fā)表偏倚。
3 討論
本研究結(jié)果顯示在整體人群中,ANP的影響因素及IPN的影響因素與既往研究基本一致[27,47,62,65]。ANP的影響因素:在東方,得到強有力證據(jù)支持的是D-二聚體、膽源性病因和酒精性病因;中度證據(jù)支持的是男性和CRP;邊緣證據(jù)支持的是APACHE-Ⅱ評分。在西方,強有力證據(jù)支持的是器官衰竭;中度證據(jù)支持的是男性;弱證據(jù)支持的是CRP、APACHE-Ⅱ評分和Ranson評分。IPN的影響因素:在東方,得到強有力證據(jù)支持的是年齡、CRP、BMI、PCT、D-二聚體和壞死范圍≥30%;弱證據(jù)支持的是Ranson評分;邊緣證據(jù)支持的是白蛋白和APACHE-Ⅱ評分。在西方,強有力證據(jù)支持的是年齡和SIRS;中度證據(jù)支持的是酒精病因;弱證據(jù)支持的是Ranson評分和器官衰竭;邊緣證據(jù)支持的是APACHE-Ⅱ評分。
整體及東西方ANP各人群共同的影響因素有:(1)男性,其原因之一是男性患者喜飲酒[35],酒精加重了胰腺負(fù)擔(dān);其二是男性體質(zhì)屬陽易化熱,女性屬陰易化寒,而AP多屬濕熱證,考慮到清熱的柴芩承氣湯能改善胰腺微循環(huán)[71],推測濕熱的男性體質(zhì)易發(fā)生微循環(huán)障礙。(2)CRP,CRP能預(yù)測ANP的發(fā)生,此研究結(jié)果與以往研究[36]一致。(3)APACHE-Ⅱ評分,由于其復(fù)雜性,很少在普通病房使用。東西方人群存在區(qū)別的影響因素:(1)膽源性病因是東方人群胰腺壞死的保護因素,此研究結(jié)果與姜丹等[72]研究一致。膽源性胰腺炎與其他類型胰腺炎在發(fā)病機制上有所差異,其與膽汁酸引起的鈣離子超載、活性氧生成增加、線粒體功能損傷有關(guān)[73]。此外,早期ERCP手術(shù)的開展減輕了膽源性胰腺炎患者病情的嚴(yán)重程度。而在國外,膽道問題處理時機相對較晚[74],這可能是膽源性病因不是西方人群的保護因素的原因;(2)酒精性病因是整體及東方人群的影響因素,東方人群長期飲酒使胰腺更易發(fā)生壞死。原因可能是由于飲酒類型[75]、人群對酒精敏感性[76]以及環(huán)境或遺傳因素的不同[75]。亞洲人的AP與酒精脫氫酶-2和醛脫氫酶-2的多態(tài)性有關(guān),而未發(fā)現(xiàn)白人的AP與此相關(guān)[76]。酒精影響胰腺細胞死亡反應(yīng)的機制有多種。乙醇分解為脂肪酸乙醇酯可以改變細胞的鈣離子傳遞,導(dǎo)致線粒體功能障礙和細胞壞死[77]。此外,乙醇還會影響胰腺實質(zhì)細胞的炎癥反應(yīng)和死亡途徑[77]。乙醇可以增強組織蛋白酶B的表達和活性,而組織蛋白酶B可能會增強壞死。同時,乙醇可能抑制胰腺實質(zhì)中JAK2/STAT1信號通路,進而降低半胱天冬酶的活性和表達;(3)Ranson評分是整體和西方人群的影響因素,該評分系統(tǒng)需在患者入院48 h后使用,且有些指標(biāo)并不常規(guī)采集(如剩余堿)。受研究數(shù)量影響,尚不能區(qū)分雙方差異的指標(biāo)有:(1)Cre,該指標(biāo)反映了血管內(nèi)容積和內(nèi)臟血流[41]和微血管灌注[78];(2)吸煙可致與胰腺壞死有關(guān)肝外門靜脈系統(tǒng)血栓形成的風(fēng)險增加60%[79-80];(3)D-二聚體是ANP患者發(fā)生凝血紊亂和微循環(huán)障礙的中間產(chǎn)物;(4)器官衰竭,約45%的ANP患者會并發(fā)器官衰竭[81]。
整體及東西方IPN各人群共同的影響因素有:(1)年齡,老年人作為AP嚴(yán)重程度和死亡的風(fēng)險因素已被廣泛研究,因此被納入如APACHE-Ⅱ評分、Ranson評分等評分系統(tǒng)中[82]。國外一項動物實驗[83]亦證明與年輕組相比,老年組大鼠胰腺組織的陽性細菌培養(yǎng)明顯增加;(2)CRP會在組織損傷、炎癥反應(yīng)和細菌感染時升高,具有高敏感性和低特異性[27];(3)APACHE-Ⅱ和Ranson評分,此結(jié)果與Papachristou等[84]的研究結(jié)果一致。東西方人群存在區(qū)別的影響因素:(1)BMI是東方人群的影響因素,這可能與東方人易患腹型肥胖有關(guān)[85]。脂肪分解產(chǎn)生的不飽和脂肪酸抑制了線粒體復(fù)合物Ⅰ和Ⅴ,導(dǎo)致胰腺壞死[85],加重AP的嚴(yán)重程度。另一種可能是,內(nèi)臟肥胖患者的脂聯(lián)素水平較低,導(dǎo)致炎癥反應(yīng)增大[86]。而肥胖患者更易感染,機制尚不清楚,可能是由于肥胖相關(guān)的免疫失調(diào),降低了細胞介導(dǎo)的免疫應(yīng)答;(2)壞死范圍≥30%是東方和整體人群的影響因素。究其原因可能是,壞死面積越大,感染的機會越大;另一個原因是不同地區(qū)的人群腸道菌群不同。在AP期間,腸道微生物群失調(diào)導(dǎo)致短鏈脂肪酸減少,減少腸上皮細胞的增殖和分化,促進細胞凋亡,破壞腸屏障,導(dǎo)致細菌移位,這是IPN的主要原因[64]。東西方腸道菌群不同可能是導(dǎo)致IPN不同影響因素的根本原因;(3)酒精性病因是西方人群的保護因素,可能是酒精更大程度改變了西方人群的腸道菌群,腸道微生態(tài)及其代謝產(chǎn)物改變影響了患者腸道的通透性,但這有待進一步實驗證明;(4)器官衰竭是西方人群的影響因素,其與患者免疫功能受損和異常有關(guān),不同的人免疫功能不同,未來還可以進一步比較東西方人群在器官衰竭發(fā)生率上的差異,進一步更深層次的發(fā)現(xiàn)其本質(zhì)差異,為未來研究靶點提供參考。因研究數(shù)量較少,尚不能區(qū)分雙方差異的指標(biāo)有:(1)低蛋白血癥 患者體內(nèi)丟失的白蛋白與游離脂肪酸結(jié)合,促進炎癥反應(yīng)進展和血管通透性增加[87]。此外,白蛋白水平是患者營養(yǎng)水平的衡量指標(biāo),充足的熱量能轉(zhuǎn)運出細胞內(nèi)更多的鈣離子,從而減少細胞的損傷[88]; (2)PCT在細菌或真菌感染和敗血癥時含量升高[19]。CRP聯(lián)合PCT對IPN的預(yù)測價值值得探討;(3)D-二聚體,在亞組分析中發(fā)現(xiàn),D-二聚體并不是SPN進展為IPN的影響因素,出現(xiàn)此研究結(jié)果的原因可能是D-二聚體的產(chǎn)生發(fā)生在胰腺組織壞死時,而不是后期繼發(fā)感染時; (4)SIRS評分,本研究結(jié)果提示其僅為西方人群IPN的影響因素;另有研究[89]表明將SIRS評分納為條目的PASS評分能預(yù)測東方人群的IPN,故單獨使用SIRS評分的價值仍需進一步研究。
本研究存在的不足:首先,本研究結(jié)果可能存在一些混雜因素導(dǎo)致結(jié)果偏差。其次,由于數(shù)據(jù)的限制,一些影響因素如鈣、補體C3、血清甘油三酯等未納入薈萃分析。此外,本研究中許多指標(biāo)的異質(zhì)性水平較高,異質(zhì)性可能來源于不同的研究類型、人群或病因。因此,筆者通過亞組分析、選擇合適的統(tǒng)計模型來降低異質(zhì)性。今后仍需開展高質(zhì)量、大規(guī)模、跨國的前瞻性研究進一步證明影響因素的差異。
結(jié)合納入研究的數(shù)量及質(zhì)量,綜上所述,膽源性病因及酒精性病因是東方人群胰腺壞死特異性影響因素,Ranson評分是西方人群特異性影響因素;BMI和壞死范圍≥30%是東方人群IPN特異性影響因素,酒精性病因是西方人群IPN特異性影響因素。研究者可進一步分析造成東西方差異的原因,為疾病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及治療提供新視角。此外本研究進一步提示需根據(jù)人群特點構(gòu)建出更適合的預(yù)測工具。
利益沖突聲明:本文不存在任何利益沖突。
作者貢獻聲明:陳娟負(fù)責(zé)論文設(shè)計和擬定寫作思路;馬書麗、楊曉曦負(fù)責(zé)文獻檢索、整理并分析數(shù)據(jù);馬書麗負(fù)責(zé)解讀數(shù)據(jù)并撰寫論文初稿;陳晨指導(dǎo)分析數(shù)據(jù),修改論文;喻靜、周游、路國濤、向曉星、龔衛(wèi)娟、陳煒煒指導(dǎo)撰寫文章并最后定稿。
參考文獻:
[1]
TAN C, YANG L, SHI F, et al. Early systemic inflammatory response syndrome duration predicts infected pancreatic necrosis[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2020, 24(3): 590-597. DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04149-5.
[2]MEDEROS MA, REBER HA, GIRGIS MD. Acute pancreatitis: A review[J]. JAMA, 2021, 325(4): 382-390. DOI: 10.1001/JAMA.2020.20317.
[3]BARON TH, DIMAIO CJ, WANG AY, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Practice Update: Management of pancreatic necrosis[J]. Gastroenterology, 2020, 158(1): 67-75.e1. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.064.
[4]DING L, YU C, DENG F, et al. New Risk factors for infected pancreatic necrosis secondary to severe acute pancreatitis: The role of initial contrast-enhanced computed tomography[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(2): 553-560. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5359-y.
[5]TRIKUDANATHAN G, WOLBRINK D, van SANTVOORT HC, et al. Current concepts in severe acute and necrotizing pancreatitis: An evidence-based approach[J]. Gastroenterology, 2019, 156(7): 1994-2007.e3. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.269.
[6]MAK WY, ZHAO M, NG SC, et al. The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: East meets west[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 35(3): 380-389. DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14872.
[7]HOZO SP, DJULBEGOVIC B, HOZO I. Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample[J]. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2005, 5: 13. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-5-13.
[8]WAN X, WANG W, LIU J, et al. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range[J]. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2014, 14: 135. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-135.
[9]MAO J, ZHANG Q, ZHANG H, et al. Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2020, 11: 265. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00265.
[10]JI X, LENG XY, DONG Y, et al. Modifiable risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis and systematic review[J]. Ann Transl Med, 2019, 7(22): 632. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.115.
[11]VAN DER VLIST AC, BREDA SJ, OEI E, et al. Clinical risk factors for Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review[J]. Br J Sports Med, 2019, 53(21): 1352-1361. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099991.
[12]KUNZE KN, WRIGHT-CHISEM J, POLCE EM, et al. Risk factors for ramp lesions of the medial meniscus: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Am J Sports Med, 2021, 49(13): 3749-3757. DOI: 10.1177/0363546520986817.
[13]BCHLER M, MALFERTHEINER P, SCHOETENSACK C, et al. Sensitivity of antiproteases, complement factors and C-reactive protein in detecting pancreatic necrosis. Results of a prospective clinical study[J]. Int J Pancreatol, 1986, 1(3-4): 227-235. DOI: 10.1007/BF02795248.
[14]BCHLER M, MALFERTHEINER P, SCHDLICH H, et al. Prognostic value of serum phospholipase A in acute pancreatitis[J]. Klin Wochenschr, 1989, 67(3): 186-189. DOI: 10.1007/BF01711351.
[15]DOMSCHKE S, MALFERTHEINER P, UHL W, et al. Free fatty acids in serum of patients with acute necrotizing or edematous pancreatitis[J]. Int J Pancreatol, 1993, 13(2): 105-110. DOI: 10.1007/BF02786078.
[16]KAUFMANN P, TILZ GP, SMOLLE KH, et al. Increased plasma concentrations of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1) in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Immunobiology, 1996, 195(2): 209-219. DOI: 10.1016/S0171-2985(96)80040-4.
[17]SCHMID SW, UHL W, STEINLE A, et al. Human pancreas-specific protein. A diagnostic and prognostic marker in acute pancreatitis and pancreas transplantation[J]. Int J Pancreatol, 1996, 19(3): 165-170. DOI: 10.1007/BF02787364.
[18]MANES G, SPADA OA, RABITTI PG, et al. Serum interleukin-6 in acute pancreatitis due to common bile duct stones. A reliable marker of necrosis[J]. Recenti Prog Med, 1997, 88(2): 69-72.
[19]RAU B, STEINBACH G, GANSAUGE F, et al. The potential role of procalcitonin and interleukin 8 in the prediction of infected necrosis in acute pancreatitis[J]. Gut, 1997, 41(6): 832-840. DOI: 10.1136/gut.41.6.832.
[20]TENNER S, SICA G, HUGHES M, et al. Relationship of necrosis to organ failure in severe acute pancreatitis[J]. Gastroenterology, 1997, 113(3): 899-903. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(97)70185-9.
[21]BAILLARGEON JD, ORAV J, RAMAGOPAL V, et al. Hemoconcentration as an early risk factor for necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 1998, 93(11): 2130-2134. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00608.x.
[22]RAU B, CEBULLA M, UHL W, et al. The clinical value of human pancreas-specific protein procarboxypeptidase B as an indicator of necrosis in acute pancreatitis: comparison to CRP and LDH[J]. Pancreas, 1998, 17(2): 134-139. DOI: 10.1097/00006676-199808000-00004.
[23]HIETARANTA A, KEMPPAINEN E, PUOLAKKAINEN P, et al. Extracellular phospholipases A2 in relation to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and systemic complications in severe acute pancreatitis[J]. Pancreas, 1999, 18(4): 385-391. DOI: 10.1097/00006676-199905000-00009.
[24]BROWN A, ORAV J, BANKS PA. Hemoconcentration is an early marker for organ failure and necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Pancreas, 2000, 20(4): 367-372. DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200005000-00005.
[25]BUTTENSCHOEN K, BERGER D, HIKI N, et al. Endotoxin and antiendotoxin antibodies in patients with acute pancreatitis[J]. Eur J Surg, 2000, 166(6): 459-466. DOI: 10.1080/110241500750008772.
[26]MNDI Y, FARKAS G, TAKCS T, et al. Diagnostic relevance of procalcitonin, IL-6, and sICAM-1 in the prediction of infected necrosis in acute pancreatitis[J]. Int J Pancreatol, 2000, 28(1): 41-49. DOI: 10.1385/IJGC:28:1:41.
[27]MLLER CA, UHL W, PRINTZEN G, et al. Role of procalcitonin and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the early prediction of infected necrosis in severe acute pancreatitis[J]. Gut, 2000, 46(2): 233-238. DOI: 10.1136/gut.46.2.233.
[28]RAU B, STEINBACH G, BAUMGART K, et al. Serum amyloid A versus C-reactive protein in acute pancreatitis: clinical value of an alternative acute-phase reactant[J]. Crit Care Med, 2000, 28(3): 736-742. DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200003000-00022.
[29]RAU B, STEINBACH G, BAUMGART K, et al. The clinical value of procalcitonin in the prediction of infected necrosis in acute pancreatitis[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2000, 26 (Suppl 2): S159-164. DOI: 10.1007/BF02900730.
[30]KHAN AA, PAREKH D, CHO Y, et al. Improved prediction of outcome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis by the APACHE II score at 48 hours after hospital admission compared with the APACHE II score at admission. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation[J]. Arch Surg, 2002, 137(10): 1136-1140. DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.137.10.1136.
[31]MLLER CA, APPELROS S, UHL W, et al. Serum levels of procarboxypeptidase B and its activation peptide in patients with acute pancreatitis and non-pancreatic diseases[J]. Gut, 2002, 51(2): 229-235. DOI: 10.1136/gut.51.2.229.
[32]PEREZ A, WHANG EE, BROOKS DC, et al. Is severity of necrotizing pancreatitis increased in extended necrosis and infected necrosis?[J]. Pancreas, 2002, 25(3): 229-233. DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200210000-00003.
[33]RICH FC, CHOLLEY BP, LAISN MJ, et al. Inflammatory cytokines, C reactive protein, and procalcitonin as early predictors of necrosis infection in acute necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Surgery, 2003, 133(3): 257-262. DOI: 10.1067/msy.2003.70.
[34]BARAUSKAS G, SVAGZDYS S, MALECKAS A. C-reactive protein in early prediction of pancreatic necrosis[J]. Medicina (Kaunas), 2004, 40(2): 135-140.
[35]PAPACHRISTOU GI, PAPACHRISTOU DJ, MORINVILLE VD, et al. Chronic alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2006, 101(11): 2605-2610. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00795.x.
[36]DAMBRAUSKAS Z, GULBINAS A, PUNDZIUS J, et al. Value of routine clinical tests in predicting the development of infected pancreatic necrosis in severe acute pancreatitis[J]. Scand J Gastroenterol, 2007, 42(10): 1256-1264. DOI: 10.1080/00365520701391613.
[37]LPEZ A, de LA CUEVA L, MARTNEZ MJ, et al. Usefulness of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy to detect pancreatic necrosis in patients with acute pancreatitis. Prospective comparison with Ranson, Glasgow and APACHE-II scores and serum C-reactive protein[J]. Pancreatology, 2007, 7(5-6): 470-478. DOI: 10.1159/000108964.
[38]MULLER CA, BELYAEV O, VOGESER M, et al. Corticosteroid-binding globulin: a possible early predictor of infection in acute necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Scand J Gastroenterol, 2007, 42(11): 1354-1361. DOI: 10.1080/00365520701416691.
[39]RAHMAN SH, MENON KV, HOLMFIELD JH, et al. Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor is an early marker of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis[J]. Ann Surg, 2007, 245(2): 282-289. DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000245471.33987.4b.
[40]de CAMPOS T, CERQUEIRA C, KURYURA L, et al.? Morbimortality indicators in severe acute pancreatitis[J]. JOP, 2008, 9(6): 690-697.
[41]MUDDANA V, WHITCOMB DC, KHALID A, et al. Elevated serum creatinine as a marker of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2009, 104(1): 164-170. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2008.66.
[42]LIPINSKI M, RYDZEWSKI A, RYDZEWSKA G. Early changes in serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate predict pancreatic necrosis and mortality in acute pancreatitis: Creatinine and eGFR in acute pancreatitis[J]. Pancreatology, 2013, 13(3): 207-211. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.02.002.
[43]TALUKDAR R, NECHUTOVA H, CLEMENS M, et al. Could rising BUN predict the future development of infected pancreatic necrosis?[J]. Pancreatology, 2013, 13(4): 355-359. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.05.003.
[44]KOSTIC I, SPASIC M, STOJANOVIC B, et al. Early cytokine profile changes in interstitial and necrotic forms of acute pancreatitis[J]. Serb J Exp Clin Res, 2015, 16(1): 33-37. DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2015-0005.
[45]EASLER JJ, DE-MADARIA E, NAWAZ H, et al. Patients with sentinel acute pancreatitis of alcoholic etiology are at risk for organ failure and pancreatic necrosis: A dual-center experience[J]. Pancreas, 2016, 45(7): 997-1002. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000643.
[46]MORAN RA, JALALY NY, KAMAL A, et al. Ileus is a predictor of local infection in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Pancreatology, 2016, 16(6): 966-972. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.10.002.
[47]GARRET C, PRON M, REIGNIER J, et al. Risk factors and outcomes of infected pancreatic necrosis: Retrospective cohort of 148 patients admitted to the ICU for acute pancreatitis[J]. United European Gastroenterol J, 2018, 6(6): 910-918. DOI: 10.1177/2050640618764049.
[48]VERDONK RC, STERNBY H, DIMOVA A, et al. Short article: Presence, extent and location of pancreatic necrosis are independent of aetiology in acute pancreatitis[J]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 30(3): 342-345. DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001053.
[49]SZAKCS Z, GEDE N, PCSI D, et al. Aging and comorbidities in acute pancreatitis II.: A cohort-analysis of 1203 prospectively collected cases[J]. Front Physiol, 2018, 9: 1776. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01776.
[50]ISOGAI M, YAMAGUCHI A, HORI A, et al. LDH to AST ratio in biliary pancreatitis-a possible indicator of pancreatic necrosis: preliminary results[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 1998, 93(3): 363-367. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00363.x.
[51]METTU SR, WIG JD, KHULLAR M, et al. Efficacy of serum nitric oxide level estimation in assessing the severity of necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Pancreatology, 2003, 3(6): 506-513; discussion 513-514. DOI: 10.1159/000076021.
[52]GARG PK, MADAN K, PANDE GK, et al. Association of extent and infection of pancreatic necrosis with organ failure and death in acute necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2005, 3(2): 159-166. DOI: 10.1016/s1542-3565(04)00665-2.
[53]GARDNER TB, OLENEC CA, CHERTOFF JD, et al. Hemoconcentration and pancreatic necrosis: further defining the relationship[J]. Pancreas, 2006, 33(2): 169-173. DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000226885.32957.17.
[54]UEDA T, TAKEYAMA Y, YASUDA T, et al. Lactate dehydrogenase-to-lymphocyte ratio for the prediction of infection in acute necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Pancreas, 2007, 35(4): 378-380. DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000297827.05678.9e.
[55]GUO J, XUE P, YANG XN, et al. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 is an early marker of pancreatic necrosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis[J]. Hepatogastroenterology, 2012, 59(117): 1594-1598. DOI: 10.5754/hge11563.
[56]KE L, NI HB, TONG ZH, et al. D-dimer as a marker of severity in patients with severe acute pancreatitis[J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2012, 19(3): 259-265. DOI: 10.1007/s00534-011-0414-5.
[57]LU Z, LIU Y, DONG YH, et al. Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells in severe acute pancreatitis: a biological marker of infected necrosis[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2012, 38(1): 69-75. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2369-z.
[58]GUO Q, LI A, XIA Q, et al. The role of organ failure and infection in necrotizing pancreatitis: a prospective study[J]. Ann Surg, 2014, 259(6): 1201-1207. DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000264.
[59]ERBIS H, ALIOSMANOGLU I, TURKOGLU MA, et al. Evaluating mean platelet volume as a new indicator for confirming the diagnosis of necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Ann Ital Chir, 2015, 86(2): 132-136.
[60]SHEN X, SUN J, KE L, et al. Reduced lymphocyte count as an early marker for predicting infected pancreatic necrosis[J]. BMC Gastroenterol, 2015, 15: 147. DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0375-2.
[61]THANDASSERY RB, YADAV TD, DUTTA U, et al. Hypotension in the first week of acute pancreatitis and APACHE II score predict development of infected pancreatic necrosis[J]. Dig Dis Sci, 2015, 60(2): 537-542. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3081-y.
[62]JI L, LV JC, SONG ZF, et al. Risk factors of infected pancreatic necrosis secondary to severe acute pancreatitis[J]. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2016, 15(4): 428-433. DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60043-1.
[63]CHEN HZ, JI L, LI L, et al. Early prediction of infected pancreatic necrosis secondary to necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2017, 96(30): e7487. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007487.
[64]CHEN Y, KE L, MENG L, et al. Endothelial markers are associated with pancreatic necrosis and overall prognosis in acute pancreatitis: A preliminary cohort study[J]. Pancreatology, 2017, 17(1): 45-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.12.005.
[65]ZHANG Y, GUO F, LI S, et al. Decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol is an independent predictor for persistent organ failure, pancreatic necrosis and mortality in acute pancreatitis[J]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 8064. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06618-w.
[66]CAO X, WANG HM, DU H, et al. Early predictors of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis[J]. Exp Ther Med, 2018, 16(5): 4232-4238. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6713.
[67]NODA Y, GOSHIMA S, FUJIMOTO K, et al. Utility of the portal venous phase for diagnosing pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis using the CT severity index[J]. Abdom Radiol (NY), 2018, 43(11): 3035-3042. DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1579-z.
[68]NAL Y, BARLAS AM. Role of increased immature granulocyte percentage in the early prediction of acute necrotizing pancreatitis[J]. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg, 2019, 25(2): 177-182. DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2019.70679.
[69]WAN J, YANG X, HE W, et al. Serum D-dimer levels at admission for prediction of outcomes in acute pancreatitis[J]. BMC Gastroenterol, 2019, 19(1): 67. DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-0989-x.
[70]CAMPBELL C, WANG T, MCNAUGHTON AL, et al. Risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Viral Hepat, 2021, 28(3): 493-507. DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13452.
[71]QIN SH, TANG YM, LI Q,et al. Clinical efficacy and mechanism of Chaishao Chengqi Decoction in the treatment of acute pancreatitis [J]. Hunan J Tradit Chin Med, 2022, 38(6): 197-201. DOI: 10.16808/j.cnki.issn1003-7705.2022.06.046.
覃樹輝, 唐友明, 黎鏘, 等. 柴芍承氣湯治療急性胰腺炎的臨床療效及作用機制研究進展[J]. 湖南中醫(yī)雜志, 2022, 38(6): 197-201. DOI: 10.16808/j.cnki.issn1003-7705.2022.06.046.
[72]JIANG D, LUO BW, LIANG ZH, et al. A preliminary study on the data model construction for predicting pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis [J]. J Guangxi Med Univ, 2022, 39(7): 1106-1111. DOI: 10.16190/j.cnki.45-1211/r.2022.07.013.
姜丹, 羅博文, 梁志海, 等. 預(yù)測急性胰腺炎發(fā)生胰腺壞死的數(shù)據(jù)模型建立的初步研究[J].廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報, 2022, 39(7): 1106-1111. DOI: 10.16190/j.cnki.45-1211/r.2022.07.013.
[73]FANCZAL J, PALLAGI P, GRG M, et al. TRPM2-mediated extracellular Ca2+ entry promotes acinar cell necrosis in biliary acute pancreatitis[J]. J Physiol, 2020, 598(6): 1253-1270. DOI: 10.1113/JP279047.
[74]HALLENSLEBEN ND, TIMMERHUIS HC, HOLLEMANS RA, et al. Optimal timing of cholecystectomy after necrotising biliary pancreatitis[J]. Gut, 2022, 71(5): 974-982. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324239.
[75]YADAV D, LOWENFELS AB. The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer[J]. Gastroenterology, 2013, 144(6): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068.
[76]YADAV D, PAPACHRISTOU GI, WHITCOMB DC. Alcohol-associated pancreatitis[J]. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 2007, 36(2): 219-238, vii. DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2007.03.005.
[77]PANDOL SJ, RARATY M. Pathobiology of alcoholic pancreatitis[J]. Pancreatology, 2007, 7(2-3): 105-114. DOI: 10.1159/000104235.
[78]CUTHBERTSON CM, CHRISTOPHI C. Disturbances of the microcirculation in acute pancreatitis[J]. Br J Surg, 2006, 93(5): 518-530. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5316.
[79]REBOURS V, BOUDAOUD L, VULLIERME MP, et al. Extrahepatic portal venous system thrombosis in recurrent acute and chronic alcoholic pancreatitis is caused by local inflammation and not thrombophilia[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2012, 107(10): 1579-1585. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2012.231.
[80]EASLER J, MUDDANA V, FURLAN A, et al. Portosplenomesenteric venous thrombosis in patients with acute pancreatitis is associated with pancreatic necrosis and usually has a benign course[J]. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2014, 12(5): 854-862. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.068.
[81]SCHEPERS NJ, BAKKER OJ, BESSELINK MG, et al. Impact of characteristics of organ failure and infected necrosis on mortality in necrotising pancreatitis[J]. Gut, 2019, 68(6): 1044-1051. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314657.
[82]MORAN RA, GARCA-RAYADO G, DE LA IGLESIA-GARCA D, et al. Influence of age, body mass index and comorbidity on major outcomes in acute pancreatitis, a prospective nation-wide multicentre study[J]. United European Gastroenterol J, 2018, 6(10): 1508-1518. DOI: 10.1177/2050640618798155.
[83]COELHO A, MACHADO M, SAMPIETRE SN, et al. Local and systemic effects of aging on acute pancreatitis[J]. Pancreatology, 2019, 19(5): 638-645. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.06.005.
[84]PAPACHRISTOU GI, MUDDANA V, YADAV D, et al. Comparison of BISAP, Ransons, APACHE-II, and CTSI scores in predicting organ failure, complications, and mortality in acute pancreatitis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2010, 105(2): 435-441; quiz 442. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2009.622.
[85]KHATUA B, EL-KURDI B, SINGH VP. Obesity and pancreatitis[J]. Curr Opin Gastroenterol, 2017, 33(5): 374-382. DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000386.
[86]NATU A, STEVENS T, KANG L, et al. Visceral adiposity predicts severity of acute pancreatitis[J]. Pancreas, 2017, 46(6): 776-781. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000845.
[87]CHEN L, HUANG Y, YU H, et al. The association of parameters of body composition and laboratory markers with the severity of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis[J]. Lipids Health Dis, 2021, 20(1): 9. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01443-7.
[88]YAO Q, LIU P, PENG S, et al. Effects of immediate or early oral feeding on acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Pancreatology, 2022, 22(2): 175-184. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.11.009.
[89]KE L, MAO W, LI X, et al. The pancreatitis activity scoring system in predicting infection of pancreatic necrosis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2018, 113(9): 1393-1394. DOI: 10.1038/s41395-018-0112-x.
收稿日期:
2022-03-18;錄用日期:2022-04-24
本文編輯:王亞南
引證本文:
MA SL, YANG XX, CHEN C,? et al.
Influencing factors for acute necrotizing pancreatitis in Eastern and Western countries: A meta-analysis
[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2023, 39(7): 1643-1656.
馬書麗, 楊曉曦, 陳晨,? 等.
東西方國家急性壞死性胰腺炎影響因素的Meta分析
[J]. 臨床肝膽病雜志, 2023, 39(7): 1643-1656.