[摘要] 目的
探究丹參葛根提取物(DG)對阿霉素(DOX)引發(fā)的心力衰竭小鼠(DOX-HF小鼠)的心臟保護(hù)作用。
方法 將32只6周齡雄性C57BL/6J小鼠隨機(jī)分為對照組(A組)、模型組(B組)、低劑量給藥組(C組)和高劑量給藥組(D組),每組8只。B組、C組和D組腹腔注射DOX 4周(每周5 mg/kg),C組和D組在建模開始時每日1次灌胃DG水溶液,灌胃劑量分別為50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg;A組、B組每日灌胃相同劑量的生理鹽水。采用超聲心動圖檢測評估心臟機(jī)械功能改變情況,蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色和Masson染色觀察心肌組織病理學(xué)變化,酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測血清中氨基末端腦鈉肽前體(NT-proBNP)、肌鈣蛋白I(cTnI)、腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-α)和白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)水平。
結(jié)果 超聲心動圖檢測結(jié)果顯示,與A組相比,B組左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(EF)、左室短軸縮短率(FS)顯著下降,左室舒張末期容積(LVEDV)和左室收縮末期容積(LVESV)顯著升高;與B組相比,C組和D組EF和FS顯著升高,LVEDV和LVESV顯著下降,差異均有顯著性(F=7.66~29.30,Plt;0.05)。HE染色結(jié)果顯示,與A組相比,B組心肌組織結(jié)構(gòu)明顯異常,心肌細(xì)胞排列紊亂且水腫,空泡化嚴(yán)重;C組和D組心肌細(xì)胞排列輕度紊亂,可見少許空泡。Masson染色結(jié)果顯示,與A組相比,B組膠原沉積顯著增加,C組和D組膠原沉積較B組明顯減少。ELISA檢測顯示,與A組比較,B組NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平顯著升高,C組和D組NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平較B組顯著下降,差異有顯著性(F=17.54~32.59,Plt;0.05)。
結(jié)論 DG能夠有效保護(hù)DOX-HF小鼠的心臟功能。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 多柔比星;心力衰竭;丹參葛根提取物;炎癥
[中圖分類號] R969
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A
[文章編號] 2096-5532(2023)06-0894-04
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2023.59.202
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] https://link.cnki.net/urlid/37.1517.R.20240104.1606.003;2024-01-08 11:04:52
EFFECT OF SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA AND RADIX PUERARIAE EXTRACT ON DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED HEART FAILURE IN MICE
ZHANG Mengyao, ZHANG Mi, HAN Yantao, ZHAO Wenwen
(School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
; [ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo explore the cardioprotective effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza-Radix puerariae extract (DG) on mice with heart failure induced by doxorubicin (DOX-HF mice).
MethodsIn the experiment, 32 C57BL/6J mice (6 weeks old, male) were randomly divided into four groups: control group (group A), model group (group B), low-dose DG group (group C), and high-dose DG group (group D) (n=8 per group). Mice form groups B, C, and D received an intraperitoneal injection of DOX for 4 weeks (5 mg/kg per week). Meanwhile, mice in groups C and D were intragastrically given DG water solution once daily at the beginning of modeling with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Mice in groups A and B were intragastrically given the same dose of normal saline daily. The changes in cardiac mechanical function were evaluated by echocardiography; myocardial histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure levels of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
ResultsEchocardiography data showed that compared with group A, group B had significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening and significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume. Above phenomena that occurred in group B were significantly reversed in groups C and D (F=7.66-29.30,Plt;0.05). Furthermore, the data from HE staining showed that significantly abnormal myocardial tissue structure characterized by disordered and edematous myocardial cells especially with se-
rious vacuolation was observed in group B compared with group A. Meanwhile, above morphological changes were alle-
viated with DG treatment in mice from groups C and D. Besides, the data from Masson staining showed that collagen deposition was significantly increased in group B compared with group A but was significantly reduced in groups C and D compared with group B. Additionally, ELISA data showed that compared with group A, group B had significantly increased levels of serum NT-proBNP, cTnI, TNF-α, and IL-6, while these cytokines were significantly decreased in mice from groups C and D compared with those from group B (F=17.54-32.59,Plt;0.05).
ConclusionDG presents
a cardioprotective effect on DOX-HF mice.
[KEY WORDS]doxorubicin; heart failure; Salvia miltiorrhiza-Radix pueraria extract; inflammation
中國的心血管疾病和癌癥發(fā)病率處于較高水平,且隨著長期使用抗腫瘤藥物,其引發(fā)的心血管并發(fā)癥是多數(shù)病人死亡的重要原因,其中心力衰竭(HF)是主要的并發(fā)癥之一[1-3]。防治抗腫瘤誘發(fā)的HF是現(xiàn)階段面臨的棘手問題。HF是由于心臟結(jié)構(gòu)或功能異常導(dǎo)致心室充盈或射血能力受損的一組復(fù)雜臨床綜合征[4-6]。丹參葛根提取物(DG)源自《施今墨對藥》,丹參功效活血祛瘀,化瘀生新,鎮(zhèn)靜安神;葛根輕揚(yáng)升發(fā),解肌退熱;兩者合用,氣血同治,相輔相成[7]。本研究通過建立阿霉素(DOX)誘導(dǎo)的HF(DOX-HF)小鼠模型,探究DG對DOX-HF小鼠的心臟保護(hù)作用,為DG應(yīng)用于抗腫瘤治療誘發(fā)的心臟病的臨床治療提供參考?,F(xiàn)將結(jié)果報告如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實驗材料
1.1.1 實驗動物 6周齡雄性C57BL/6J小鼠32只,體質(zhì)量20~25 g,購買于濟(jì)南朋悅實驗動物育種有限公司,飼養(yǎng)于青島大學(xué)動物實驗中心,室溫(22±2)℃,濕度(60±5)%,光照/黑暗周期為12 h,
自由飲水和進(jìn)食。
1.1.2 儀器及試劑 DG購買于南通經(jīng)緯生物科技有限公司;DOX購自美國MCE公司;蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色試劑盒和Masson染色試劑盒購自北京索萊寶科技有限公司;氨基末端腦鈉肽前體(NT-proBNP)、肌鈣蛋白I(cTnI)、腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-α)和白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)ELISA試劑盒購自武漢伊萊瑞特生物科技有限公司;小動物超聲系統(tǒng)(中國維勝中國有限公司)。
1.2 實驗方法
1.2.1 DOX-HF小鼠模型的制備以及實驗分組
C57BL/6J小鼠適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)1周后,隨機(jī)分為4組,每組8只,分別為對照組(A組)、模型組(B組)、低劑量給藥組(C組)、高劑量給藥組(D組)。B組、C組和D組連續(xù)4周腹腔注射DOX建立HF小鼠模型,注射劑量為每周5 mg/kg,累計劑量為20 mg/kg,A組不做處理。C組和D組在建模初始時每日灌胃給予DG提取液,灌胃劑量分別為50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg;A組和B組在建模初始時每日灌胃給予同等劑量的生理鹽水。
1.2.2 超聲心動圖檢查 腹腔注射5 g/L戊巴比妥鈉(10 mL/kg)麻醉小鼠,采用配備MS400探頭(18~38 MHz)的Vevo 2100成像系統(tǒng)獲得心臟超聲心動圖,檢測左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(EF)、左室短軸縮短率(FS)、左室收縮末期容積(LVESV)和左室舒張末期容積(LVEDV)。
1.2.3 樣本采集及處理 末次灌胃結(jié)束后,禁食12 h,眼球取血,室溫靜置30 min,4 500 r/min離心15 min,吸取血清,用于生化指標(biāo)檢測。取心臟組織并迅速置于40 g/L多聚甲醛中固定48 h。
1.2.4 蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色 心臟組織固定后,常規(guī)石蠟包埋、切片,厚度為5 μm。應(yīng)用HE染色試劑盒染色,按照說明書操作。顯微鏡下觀察各組小鼠心肌組織病理學(xué)變化。
1.2.5 Masson染色 應(yīng)用Masson染色試劑盒,操作嚴(yán)格按照說明書方法進(jìn)行,顯微鏡下觀察各組小鼠心肌纖維化情況。
1.2.6 血清中NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平檢測 將血清樣本從-80 ℃冰箱中取出,平衡至室溫,采用ELISA檢測試劑盒檢測各指標(biāo)水平,嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說明書操作。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
采用Graphpad prism 5.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。計量資料結(jié)果以±s形式表示,多組數(shù)據(jù)間比較采用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較采用Turkey法。Plt;0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)" 果
2.1 各組小鼠超聲心動圖檢測結(jié)果比較
各組小鼠EF、FS、LVEDV和LVESV比較差異均有顯著性(F=7.66~29.30,Plt;0.05)。兩兩比較顯示,與A組相比,B組小鼠EF和FS顯著下降,LVEDV和LVESV則顯著升高(Plt;0.05),提示DOX-HF小鼠造模成功。與B組相比,C組和D組小鼠的EF和FS顯著升高,LVEDV和LVESV顯著下降并趨近于對照組(Plt;0.05);C組和D組EF、FS、LVEDV和LVESV差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05)。見表1。
2.2 各組小鼠心肌組織病理學(xué)變化
HE染色顯示,A組心肌細(xì)胞排列規(guī)整,未觀察到明顯異常病理學(xué)改變;B組心肌組織結(jié)構(gòu)明顯異常,心肌細(xì)胞排列紊亂、水腫、空泡化嚴(yán)重;C組和D組心肌細(xì)胞排列輕度紊亂,可見少許空泡(圖1)。
2.3 各組小鼠心肌纖維化比較
Masson染色結(jié)果顯示,A組存在極少的膠原沉積,心肌間質(zhì)纖維化不明顯;B組膠原沉積顯著增加,表明心肌間質(zhì)纖維化嚴(yán)重;與B組相比,C組和D組藍(lán)色膠原沉積明顯減少(圖2)。
2.4 各組小鼠血清NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平比較
各組小鼠血清NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平比較差異均有顯著性(F=17.54~32.59,Plt;0.05)。與A組相比,B組NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平顯著升高(Plt;0.05),C組和D組的IL-6水平顯著升高(Plt;0.05)。與B組比較,C組和D組NT-proBNP、cTnI、TNF-α和IL-6水平顯著下降(Plt;0.05)。見表2。
3 討" 論
HF是由于心臟結(jié)構(gòu)和功能異常導(dǎo)致泵功能失代償?shù)囊环N復(fù)雜臨床綜合征[8],已成為一個嚴(yán)重的臨床和公共衛(wèi)生問題[9]。近幾十年來,隨著腫瘤病人的急劇增加,以DOX為代表的蒽環(huán)類藥物廣泛應(yīng)用,在癌癥治療過程中對病人產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重心臟毒性限制了其進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用[10-11]。因此,尋求有效防治蒽環(huán)類藥物引發(fā)HF的治療方法尤為重要。
DG應(yīng)用始見于《施今墨對藥》,是經(jīng)典的活血化瘀配伍藥對,已被證明具有良好的心血管保護(hù)作用[12-13]。本研究通過建立DOX-HF小鼠模型探究了DG對DOX-HF的保護(hù)作用,超聲心動圖檢測顯示,DG可以顯著提高DOX-HF小鼠心臟機(jī)械功能,相較于低劑量組,高劑量組小鼠的EF和FS有所降低,LVESV和LVEDV有所升高,更趨近于對照組小鼠,但差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,并不能證明DG治療具有濃度依賴性。心肌細(xì)胞肥大、排列紊亂,心肌組織纖維化是HF主要病理表現(xiàn)[14-15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,DG能夠明顯改善心肌細(xì)胞排列紊亂和細(xì)胞水腫,降低心肌組織纖維化水平。
NT-proBNP和cTnI是典型的HF診斷生物標(biāo)志物,被廣泛用于HF的預(yù)測和早期診斷[16-17]。本研究聯(lián)合檢測血清NT-proBNP和cTnI水平,探究DG對DOX-HF的改善作用,結(jié)果顯示DG可以顯著降低血清NT-proBNP和cTnI水平。
炎癥反應(yīng)是DOX引發(fā)心臟毒性的主要機(jī)制,長期慢性炎癥會加速心肌纖維化以及HF進(jìn)程。TNF-α能夠誘導(dǎo)活性氧生成,誘導(dǎo)心肌細(xì)胞凋亡;此外,大量的TNF-α通過激活中性神經(jīng)磷脂酶,介導(dǎo)一氧化氮合成來抑制心肌收縮力[18]。IL-6可以通過刺激GP130-STAT3信號通路促進(jìn)心肌肥大[19],IL-6還可以促進(jìn)膠原沉積加速心室重構(gòu)[20]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),DG可以顯著降低DOX-HF小鼠的機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng),提示DG可以通過降低機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng)來改善HF。
綜上所述,DG能夠降低DOX-HF小鼠模型炎癥反應(yīng)和心肌損傷標(biāo)志物水平,改善心臟機(jī)械功能。本文研究可為抗腫瘤治療誘發(fā)的心臟病的臨床治療提供參考。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1]XIA C F, DONG X S, LI H, et al. Cancer statistics in China and United States, 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants[J]." Chinese Medical Journal, 2022,135(5):584-590.
[2]ZHAO D, LIU J, WANG M, et al. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in China: current features and implications[J]." Nature Reviews Cardiology, 2019,16(4):203-212.
[3]LYON A R. Heart failure resulting from cancer treatment: still serious but an opportunity for prevention[J]." Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2019,105(1):6-8.
[4]ZHAO D S, ZHONG G H, LI J W, et al. Targeting E3 ubi-
quitin ligase WWP1 prevents cardiac hypertrophy through destabilizing DVL2 via inhibition of K27-linked ubiquitination[J]." Circulation, 2021,144(9):694-711.
[5]MASTIKHINA O, MOON B U, WILLIAMS K, et al. Human cardiac fibrosis-on-a-chip model recapitulates disease hallmarks and can serve as a platform for drug testing[J]." Biomaterials, 2020,233:119741.
[6]HABIMANA O, MODUPE SALAMI O, PENG J F, et al. Therapeutic implications of targeting pyroptosis in Cardiac-related etiology of heart failure[J]." Biochemical Pharmacology, 2022,204:115235.
[7]孫小鑫,苗青,王瑞海,等. 丹參-葛根藥對成分、藥理及臨床應(yīng)用的研究進(jìn)展[J]." 世界科學(xué)技術(shù)(中醫(yī)藥現(xiàn)代化), 2020,22(12):4308-4313.
[8]CHEN J, ARONOWITZ P. Congestive heart failure[J]." The Medical Clinics of North America, 2022,106(3):447-458.
[9]ROGER V L. Epidemiology of heart failure: a contemporary perspective[J]." Circulation Research, 2021,128(10):1421-1434.
[10]SHEIBANI M, AZIZI Y, SHAYAN M, et al. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: an overview on pre-clinical therapeutic approaches[J]." Cardiovascular Toxicology, 2022,22(4):292-310.
[11]CHRISTIDI E, BRUNHAM L R. Regulated cell death pathways in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity[J]." Cell Death amp; Disease, 2021,12(4):339.
[12]KOON C M, WING-SHING CHEUNG D, WONG P H, et al. Salviae miltiorrhizae radix and puerariae lobatae radix her-
bal formula improves circulation, vascularization and gait function in a peripheral arterial disease rat model[J]." Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2021,264:113235.
[13]ZHAI S, ZHANG X F, LU F, et al. Chinese medicine GeGen-DanShen extract protects from myocardial ischemic injury through promoting angiogenesis via up-regulation of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway[J]." Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2021,267:113475.
[14]MOURAD O, YEE R, LI M Y, et al. Modeling heart diseases on a chip: advantages and future opportunities[J]." Circulation Research, 2023,132(4):483-497.
[15]LIU J Y, LI W, DENG K Q, et al. The E3 ligase TRIM16 is a key suppressor of pathological cardiac hypertrophy[J]." Circulation Research, 2022,130(10):1586-1600.
[16]PAN Y S, LI D J, MA J, et al. NT-proBNP test with improved accuracy for the diagnosis of chronic heart failure[J]." Medicine, 2017,96(51): e9181.
[17]WANG X Y, ZHANG F, ZHANG C, et al. The biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure[J]." BioMed Research International, 2020,2020:1-14.
[18]SCHUMACHER S M, NAGA PRASAD S V. Tumor necrosis factor-α in heart failure: an updated review[J]. Current Car-
diology Reports, 2018,20(11):1-11.
[19]HUO S Q, SHI W, MA H Y, et al. Alleviation of inflammation and oxidative stress in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and heart failure via IL-6/STAT3 inhibition by raloxifene[J]." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021,2021:6699054.
[20]MARKOUSIS-MAVROGENIS G, TROMP J, OUWER-
KERK W, et al. The clinical significance of interleukin-6 in heart failure: Results from the BIOSTAT-CHF study[J]." European Journal of Heart Failure, 2019,21(8):965-973.
(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))