張振光 趙晶 韓炳旭 劉雅 李超 蘇亞輝
【摘 要】目的 探討皮下組織蒂菱形皮瓣成形術(shù)治療燒傷后瘢痕攣縮的臨床效果。方法 選取2020年1月-2021年12月邯鄲邯鋼醫(yī)院收治的100例燒傷后瘢痕攣縮患者作為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,各50例。對(duì)照組給予常規(guī)游離皮片移植術(shù)治療,觀察組給予皮下組織蒂菱形皮瓣成形術(shù)治療,比較兩組治療滿意度、創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間、皮瓣成活率、復(fù)發(fā)率、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分。結(jié)果 觀察組治療總滿意度為98.00%,高于對(duì)照組的84.00%(P<0.05);觀察組創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,皮瓣成活率高于對(duì)照組,復(fù)發(fā)率低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為4.00%,低于對(duì)照組的20.00%(P<0.05);兩組治療后生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 皮下組織蒂菱形皮瓣成形術(shù)治療燒傷后瘢痕攣縮的效果良好,可有效提高皮瓣存活率,縮短皮瓣斷蒂時(shí)間,降低皮瓣感染率,還能有效控制創(chuàng)面周圍炎癥反應(yīng),提高肢體功能,改善皮膚修復(fù)情況,促進(jìn)患者快速康復(fù)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】皮下組織蒂菱形皮瓣成形術(shù);常規(guī)游離皮片移植術(shù);燒傷后瘢痕攣縮變
中圖分類號(hào):R644 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1004-4949(2023)03-0068-04
Clinical Effect of Subcutaneous Tissue Pedicle Rhomboid Flap Plasty in the Treatment of Scar Contracture After Burn
ZHANG Zhen-guang, ZHAO Jing, HAN Bing-xu, LIU Ya, LI Chao, SU Ya-hui
(Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Handan Hangang Hospital, Handan 056001, Hebei, China)
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the clinical effect of subcutaneous tissue pedicle rhomboid flap plasty in the treatment of scar contracture after burn. Methods A total of 100 patients with scar contracture after burn admitted to Handan Hangang Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into observation group and control group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional free skin graft transplantation, and the observation group was treated with subcutaneous tissue pedicle diamond flap plasty. The treatment satisfaction, wound healing time, flap survival rate, recurrence rate, complication rate and quality of life score were compared between the two groups. Results The total treatment satisfaction of the observation group was 98.00%, which was higher than 84.00% of the control group (P<0.05). The wound healing time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group, the survival rate of the flap was higher than that of the control group, and the recurrence rate was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 4.00%, which was lower than 20.00% in the control group (P<0.05). The quality of life scores of the two groups after treatment were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Subcutaneous tissue pedicled rhomboid flap plasty has a good effect in the treatment of scar contracture after burn, which can effectively improve the survival rate of flap, shorten the time of flap pedicle breaking, reduce the infection rate of flap, effectively control the inflammatory reaction around the wound, improve limb function, improve skin repair, and promote rapid recovery of patients.
【Key words】Subcutaneous tissue pedicle rhomboid flap plasty; Conventional free skin graft transplantation; Scar contracture after burn
近年來(lái),燒傷的發(fā)生率呈逐年上升的趨勢(shì),該疾病主要與高溫、電、化學(xué)物質(zhì)以及強(qiáng)輻射等因素密切相關(guān)[1,2]。其中,燒傷后v tg 瘢痕攣縮的人數(shù)也在不斷增多?;颊邿齻笳5钠つw結(jié)構(gòu)以及生理功能收到相應(yīng)的破壞[3,4],導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)生理機(jī)能損傷,同時(shí),也會(huì)影響患者的外形美觀。針對(duì)該疾病,臨床上常采用手術(shù)方式進(jìn)行修復(fù),療效較好。其中,傳統(tǒng)游離皮片移植術(shù)是常用手術(shù)治療方案,但有研究指出[5,6],部分患者術(shù)后容易出現(xiàn)瘢痕攣縮,影響最終療效。相關(guān)學(xué)者認(rèn)為[7],采用皮下組織蒂菱形皮瓣成形術(shù)治療燒傷后瘢痕攣縮的效果理想,對(duì)于提高患者術(shù)后生活質(zhì)量具有積極意義。為進(jìn)一步探討皮下組織蒂菱形皮瓣成形術(shù)治療燒傷后瘢痕攣縮臨床效果,本研究結(jié)合2020年1月-2021年12月我院收治的100例燒傷后瘢痕攣縮患者臨床資料展開分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取2020年1月-2021年12月邯鄲邯鋼醫(yī)院收治的100例燒傷后瘢痕攣縮患者作為研究對(duì)象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):均確診為燒傷后瘢痕攣縮;符合手術(shù)指征。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并精神疾病者;燒傷后存在肌肉、神經(jīng)損傷者。按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,各50例。對(duì)照組男28例,女22例;年齡12~60歲,平均年齡(36.59±3.17)歲;病程4~50個(gè)月;平均病程(22.70±2.17)個(gè)月。觀察組男29例,女21例;年齡14~59歲,平均年齡(36.82±3.22)歲;病程4~48個(gè)月;平均病程(22.56±2.49)個(gè)月。兩組性別、年齡、病程比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究所有患者知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 方法
1.2.1對(duì)照組 給予常規(guī)游離皮片移植術(shù)治療:對(duì)手術(shù)部位行局部浸潤(rùn)麻醉,松解瘢痕黏連,確定瘢痕面積,選擇合適大小的供區(qū)皮片,皮片切取時(shí)進(jìn)行潛行分離直到無(wú)張力。逐層縫合皮片與創(chuàng)面,控制張力大小,避免影響機(jī)體正常血液運(yùn)行。
1.2.2觀察組 給予患者皮下組織蒂菱形皮瓣成形術(shù)治療:對(duì)手術(shù)部位行局部浸潤(rùn)麻醉,詳細(xì)測(cè)量瘢痕攣縮面積,采用亞甲藍(lán)在瘢痕中周圍劃線標(biāo)記,講皮瓣設(shè)計(jì)為菱形,確定攣縮區(qū)域張力線,同時(shí)以此為軸線,將菱形皮瓣銳角在瘢痕攣縮線60°的位置,菱形皮瓣邊長(zhǎng)為1/2~1/3瘢痕攣縮線,菱形皮瓣銳角為60°,菱形皮瓣鈍角為120°,根據(jù)攣縮帶的長(zhǎng)度來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)菱形皮瓣;對(duì)于瘢痕攣縮線相對(duì)較短的患者,可設(shè)計(jì)1個(gè)菱形皮瓣;對(duì)于瘢痕攣縮線較長(zhǎng)的患者,則可設(shè)計(jì)為2個(gè)或3個(gè)菱形皮瓣進(jìn)行串聯(lián)移植,但是要注意其寬度應(yīng)不小于攣縮帶寬度。另外,可將菱形皮瓣頂點(diǎn)作為延長(zhǎng)切口,對(duì)瘢痕組織進(jìn)行松解。根據(jù)皮瓣設(shè)計(jì)線做切口,暴露深筋膜,分離皮瓣周圍的瘢痕組織,操作過(guò)程中要注意避免損傷皮下組織蒂。隨后進(jìn)行縫合。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 術(shù)后隨訪12個(gè)月,比較兩組治療滿意度、創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間、皮瓣成活率、復(fù)發(fā)率、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分 。
1.3.1治療滿意度 采用自制調(diào)查問(wèn)卷對(duì)患者進(jìn)行滿意度調(diào)查,了解患者對(duì)治療過(guò)程、術(shù)后舒適度、瘢痕外觀以及關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度等滿意情況,調(diào)查表總分為100分,十分滿意:≥95分;基本滿意:80~94分;不滿意<80分??倽M意度=十分滿意率+基本滿意率。
1.3.2皮瓣成活率及復(fù)發(fā)率 以術(shù)后皮瓣與檢測(cè)溫度差<3 ℃,回血充盈時(shí)間<1 s判定為皮瓣成活,否則為皮瓣壞死[8],統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組皮瓣成活率;術(shù)后隨訪12個(gè)月,統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組復(fù)發(fā)率。
1.3.3并發(fā)癥 主要包括皮片壞死、出血以及感染。
1.3.4生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分 分別于治療前后采用QLQ-C30生活質(zhì)量量表進(jìn)行評(píng)估,選取心理狀態(tài)、社會(huì)功能、軀體功能及角色功能4個(gè)項(xiàng)目,各項(xiàng)目總分均為100分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高表示患者的生活質(zhì)量水平越高。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,行χ2檢驗(yàn);計(jì)量資料以(x-±s)表示,行t檢驗(yàn);P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組治療滿意度比較 觀察組治療總滿意度高于對(duì)照組(χ2=6.491,P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間、皮瓣成活率及復(fù)發(fā)率比較觀察組創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,皮瓣成活率高于對(duì)照組,復(fù)發(fā)率小于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較 觀察組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組(χ2=6.303,P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 兩組生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分比較 兩組治療后生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見表4。