郝麗亞, 李冰潔, 王中林, 鄭新華
(平頂山學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)院,河南 平頂山 467000)
扯根菜PenthorumchinensePursh.為虎耳草科扯根菜屬植物的全草[1],分布在廣西、云南、湖南等地,具有利水除濕、平肝解毒、祛瘀止痛的功效,臨床用于治療肝炎、黃疸、經(jīng)閉等[2],以其為主要藥材的中成藥及保健品治療病毒性肝炎、肝硬化、脂肪肝等疾病療效顯著[3-4],但因需求量大,導(dǎo)致野生資源被嚴(yán)重破壞[5]。該植物化學(xué)成分為黃酮、有機(jī)酸、木脂素等[6],具有保肝護(hù)肝、抗病毒、抗炎、抗腫瘤、利尿等[7],可有效拮抗肝星狀細(xì)胞生長分化,降低大鼠血清轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β1和I型膠原的水平[8],可降低醉酒小鼠血液中乙醇含量[9]。本實驗研究扯根菜化學(xué)成分及其保肝活性,以期為該植物后續(xù)開發(fā)提供參考。
Agilent 1290-microTOF Q II型高分辨質(zhì)譜儀(美國Agilent公司);SYS-600型核磁共振波譜儀(德國Bruker公司);BSA124S-CW型分析天平(德國Sartorius公司);JJ124BC型電子天平(常熟市雙杰測試儀器廠);Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝膠(瑞典Amersham Pharmacia公司);HH-S型恒溫水浴鍋(鄭州長城科工貿(mào)有限公司);柱色譜硅膠(青島海洋化工廠);Rotavapor R-205型旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(瑞士Buchi公司);氘代試劑DMSO-d6(德國Sigma-aldrich公司);人肝正常細(xì)胞HL-7702(山東玉寶生物科技有限公司);APAP培養(yǎng)基(北京安諾倫生物科技有限公司)。所用試劑均為分析純。
扯根菜采自河南平頂山市,經(jīng)平頂山學(xué)院鄭新華教授鑒定為扯根菜PenthorumchinensePursh.的全草。
取扯根菜全草18.4 kg,分別用90%、50%乙醇浸漬提取,得浸膏1.7 kg,溶于水中,分別用石油醚、丙酮、正丁醇萃取,得石油醚層浸膏(Fr.A)、丙酮層浸膏(Fr.B)、正丁醇層浸膏(Fr.C)。
取Fr.A 127.4 g,經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,石油醚-丙酮 (70∶30~50∶50~30∶70)梯度洗脫,得8個流分 Fr.A1~Fr.A8。Fr.A3 (6.8 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (80∶20~20∶80)梯度洗脫,得7個流分Fr.A3-1~Fr.A3-7,F(xiàn)r.A3-3 (173.4 mg)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (40∶60)洗脫,得化合物1(22 mg);Fr.A3-5 (173.4 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20分離,甲醇洗脫,得化合物13(21 mg);Fr.A3-4 (173.4 mg)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(40∶60)洗脫,得化合物10(18 mg)、12(27 mg)。Fr.A5 (5.2 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(70∶30~30∶70)梯度洗脫,得6個流分Fr.A5-1~Fr.A5-6,F(xiàn)r.A5-2 (151.3 mg)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(30∶70)洗脫,得化合物6(17 mg);Fr.A5-3(109.2 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20分離,甲醇洗脫,得化合物20(21 mg);Fr.A5-5 (105.4 mg)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,石油醚-乙酸乙酯(30∶70)洗脫,得化合物8(29 mg)。Fr.A6 (4.3 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,二氯甲烷-甲醇(60∶40~40∶60)洗脫,得4個流分Fr.A6-1~Fr.A6-4,F(xiàn)r.A6-2 (98.2 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20分離,甲醇洗脫,得化合物7(18 mg);Fr.A6-4 (83.9 mg)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,二氯甲烷-甲醇(20∶80)洗脫,得化合物9(21 mg)。
取Fr.B 97.3 g,經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,丙酮-甲醇(80∶20~50∶50~20∶80)洗脫,得9個流分Fr.B1~Fr.B9。Fr.B2 (5.7 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,二氯甲烷-甲醇(80∶20~20∶80)梯度洗脫,得9個流分Fr.B2-1~Fr.B2-9,F(xiàn)r.B2-3 (161.8 mg)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,二氯甲烷-甲醇(30∶70)洗脫,得化合物11(19 mg);Fr.B2-6 (117.2 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20分離,甲醇洗脫,得化合物3(31 mg);Fr.B2-5 (102.7 mg)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,二氯甲烷-甲醇(20∶80)洗脫,得化合物4(22 mg)、17(18 mg);Fr.B2-8 (93.7 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20分離,甲醇洗脫,得化合物19(21 mg)。Fr.B4 (4.9 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,二氯甲烷-甲醇(80∶20~10∶90)梯度洗脫,得7個流分Fr.B4-1~Fr.B4-7,F(xiàn)r.B4-2 (125.3 mg)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,二氯甲烷-甲醇(20∶80)洗脫,得化合物15(23 mg);Fr.B4-4 (92.8 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20分離,甲醇洗脫,得化合物5(24 mg);Fr.B4-6 (83.2 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20分離,得化合物16(28 mg)。
取Fr.C 103.5 g,經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,丙酮-甲醇(90∶10~50∶50~10∶90)洗脫,得7個流分Fr.C1~Fr.C7。Fr.C2 (7.3 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,乙酸乙酯-甲醇 (80∶20~20∶80)梯度洗脫,得8個流分Fr.C2-1~Fr.C2-8,F(xiàn)r.C2-4 (85.6 mg)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,乙酸乙酯-甲醇(30∶70)洗脫,得化合物2(26 mg);Fr.C2-6 (102.9 mg)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20分離,得化合物21(17 mg)。Fr.C4 (8.5 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,乙酸乙酯-甲醇(70∶30~30∶70)洗脫,得6個流分Fr.C4-1~Fr.C4-6),F(xiàn)r.C4-2 (135.2 mg)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,乙酸乙酯-甲醇(30∶70)洗脫,得化合物14(18 mg);Fr.C4-3(95.2 mg)經(jīng)硅膠柱分離,乙酸乙酯-甲醇(20∶80)洗脫,得化合物18(23 mg)。
化合物1:黃色粉末。ESI-MSm/z:441.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:12.51 (1H,s,4′-OH),10.13 (1H,s,5-OH),8.02 (2H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-2′,6′),7.02 (2H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.81 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-8),6.42 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-6),5.57 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,1″),4.23 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-2″),3.95 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-4a″),3.64 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-4b″),3.35 (2H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5″);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:81.2 (C-1),93.7 (C-2),135.2 (C-3),173.6 (C-4),105.1 (C-4a),159.3 (C-5),97.6 (C-6),161.7 (C-7),93.8 (C-8),156.4 (C-8a),120.9 (C-1′),128.3 (C-2′),114.5 (C-3′),114.5 (C-4′),158.6 (C-5′),130.2 (C-6′),106.3 (C-1″),77.5 (C-2″),77.9 (C-3″),73.9 (C-4″),62.1 (C-5″)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[10]報道的山柰酚-7-O-β-D-芹菜苷基本一致。
化合物2:黃色粉末。ESI-MSm/z:441.3 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:6.81 (1H,s,H-8),6.42 (1H,s,H-6),5.59 (1H,s,H-1),3.58 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-5a″),3.51 (1H,m,H-5b″);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:107.1 (C-1),81.4 (C-2),77.1 (C-3),86.1 (C-4),60.3 (C-5)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11]報道的山柰酚-7-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基本一致。
化合物3:黃色結(jié)晶。ESI-MSm/z:309.1 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:12.52 (1H,s,5-OH),7.87 (2H,m,H-2′,6′),6.81 (2H,m,H-3′,5′),6.36 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-8),6.22 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-6);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:103.5 (C-1),146.9 (C-2),135.6 (C-3),175.3 (C-4),102.6 (C-4a),155.3 (C-5),95.6 (C-6),163.2 (C-7),92.1 (C-8),157.3 (C-8a),117.6 (C-1′),127.6 (C-2′),113.6 (C-3′),157.3 (C-4′),113.9 (C-5′),131.9 (C-6′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]報道的山柰酚基本一致。
化合物4:黃色粉末。ESI-MSm/z:376.4 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.91 (2H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-2′,6′),7.02 (2H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.63 (1H,s,H-3),6.51 (1H,s,H-8),5.19 (1H,m,H-2″),3.27 (2H,m,H-1″),1.81 (3H,s,4″-CH3),1.52 (3H,s,5″-CH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:132.4 (C-1),164.2 (C-2),104.3 (C-3),183.3 (C-4),104.3 (C-4a),163.1 (C-5),112.3 (C-6),165.1 (C-7),93.6 (C-8),158.4 (C-8a),122.6 (C-1′),130.2 (C-2′),116.3 (C-3′),159.1 (C-4′),116.6 (C-5′),130.2 (C-6′),21.7 (C-1″),122.6 (C-2″),133.4 (C-3″),18.3 (C-4″),25.2 (C-5″)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13]報道的3-methylbut-2-enyl apigen基本一致。
化合物5:棕色粉末。ESI-MSm/z:441.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.79 (1H,s,H-5),7.71 (2H,m,H-2′,6′),7.02 (1H,s,H-8),6.86 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5′),6.54 (1H,s,H-3),5.41 (2H,m,H-2″,2?),3.41 (4H,m,H-1″,1?),1.82 (6H,s,5″,4?-CH3),1.79 (3H,s,5?-CH3),1.71 (3H,s,4″-CH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:121.6 (C-1),159.3 (C-2),105.2 (C-3),179.3 (C-4),117.2 (C-4a),125.6 (C-5),131.2 (C-6),163.5 (C-7),103.2 (C-8),157.2 (C-8a),124.2 (C-1′),128.1 (C-2′),129.3 (C-3′),159.7 (C-4′),l 15.3 (C-5′),30.1 (C-l″),123.1 (C-2″),135.3 (C-3″),19.1 (C-4″),25.3 (C-5″),30.1 (C-1?),122.9 (C-2?),134.3 (C-3?),26.1 (C-4?),18.3 (C-5?)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13]報道的enyllicoflavone A基本一致。
化合物6:棕色粉末。ESI-MSm/z:331.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:6.91 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-5),6.73 (2H,m,H-2′,6′),3.91 (3H,s,4′-OCH3),3.83 (6H,s,1,3″-OCH3),1.69-2.91(2,3,4,5,1′,2′-CH2);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:175.3 (C-1),32.6 (C-2),30.1 (C-3),31.3 (C-4),35.8 (C-5),144.1 (C-1′),119.2 (C-2′),132.3 (C-3′),146.1 (C-4′),111.3 (C-5′),115.2 (C-6′),25.1 (C-1″),34.1 (C-2″),181.2 (C-3″),56.1 (4′-OCH3),52.1 (3″-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[14]報道的methyl-5-[4-methoxy-3-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-phenyl]pentanoate基本一致。
化合物7:黃色晶體。ESI-MSm/z:339.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:12.15 (1H,s,1-OH),7.51 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-6),7.26 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5),6.37 (1H,s,H-2),4.12 (3H,s,3-OCH3),4.02 (3H,s,4-OCH3),3.78 (3H,s,8-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:160.8 (C-1),95.1 (C-2),160.2 (C-3),127.9 (C-4),145.2 (C-4a),151.2 (C-4b),113.6 (C-5),123.2 (C-6),150.1 (C-7),147.5 (C-8),116.1 (C-8a),104.4 (C-8b),57.3 (3-OCH3),62.3 (4-OCH3),63.1 (8-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[15]報道的1,7-二羥基-3,4,8-三甲氧基呫噸酮基本一致。
化合物8:黃色晶體。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:12.16 (1H,s,1-OH),10.76 (1H,s,8-OH),7.41 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,6-H), 6.83 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,7-H),6.61 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,4-H),6.41 (1H,d,J=6.3 Hz,2-H),4.02 (3H,s,3-OCH3),3.91 (3H,s,5-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:162.1 (C-1),99.3 (C-2),168.1 (C-3),94.6 (C-4),138.3 (C-5),119.3 (C-6),111.4 (C-7),156.7 (C-8),185.3 (C-9),158.4 (C-4a),147.1 (C-4b),109.6 (C-8a),104.6 (C-8b),58.3 (3-OCH3),55.6 (5-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[15]報道的1,8-二羥基-3,5-二甲氧基呫噸酮基本一致。
化合物9:黃色粉末。ESI-MSm/z:325.1 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:6.41(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-8),6.23 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-6),7.83 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-2′),7.73 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-6′),6.91(1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-5′);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:113.4 (C-1),152.7 (C-2),136.9 (C-3),181.3 (C-4),157.3 (C-5),103.5 (C-6),164.3 (C-7),96.1 (C-8),159.1 (C-9),103.6 (C-10),118.3 (C-1′),121.6 (C-2′),146.4 (C-3′),147.6 (C-4′),115.2 (C-5′),122.8 (C-6′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[16]報道的槲皮素基本一致。
化合物10:黃色針晶。ESI-MSm/z:291.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.85 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-5),7.49 (2H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-2′,6′),7.13 (2H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3′,5′),7.02 (2H,dd,J=9.6,6.3 Hz,H-6),6.91 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-8);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:142.1 (C-1),150.6 (C-2),121.6 (C-3),175.6 (C-4),126.9 (C-5),116.1 (C-6),167.8 (C-7),101.3 (C-8),158.3 (C-9),102.3 (C-10),122.6 (C-1′),129.3 (C-2′),112.3 (C-3′),161.3 (C-4′),112.1 (C-5′),129.5 (C-6′),55.3 (6′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[17]報道的芒柄花基本一致。
化合物11:灰色針晶。ESI-MSm/z:293.1 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.41 (2H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.91 (2H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.43 (1H,s,H-8),6.35 (1H,d,J=6.3Hz,H-6),3.03 (1H,s,H-5);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:131.6 (C-1),154.3 (C-2),120.3 (C-3),179.1 (C-4),158.1 (C-5),102.6 (C-6),165.4 (C-7),94.1 (C-8),156.1 (C-9),103.9 (C-10),121.8 (C-1′),129.(C-2′),116.1 (C-3′),163.6 (C-4′),116.1 (C-5′),131.6 (C-6′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[18]報道的染料木素基本一致。
化合物12:白色針晶。ESI-MSm/z:323.1 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:8.06 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-2),7.41 (2H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.91 (2H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.51 (1H,s,H-8);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:127.1 (C-1),155.1 (C-2),122.9 (C-3),83.1 (C-4),157.6 (C-5),133.9 (C-6),156.9 (C-7),96.1 (C-8),154.9 (C-9),105.1 (C-10),125.1 (C-1′),132.6 (C-2′),115.3 (C-3′),159.3 (C-4′),115.4 (C-5′),130.7 (C-6′),59.8 (6-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[19]報道的tectorigenin基本一致。
化合物13:白色粉末。ESI-MSm/z:277.1 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:8.03 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-5),7.41 (2H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.87 (1H,m,H-8),6.81 (2H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.79 (1H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-6);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:129.1 (C-1),154.3 (C-2),123.6 (C-3),176.8 (C-4),129.4 (C-5),116.5 (C-6),163.5 (C-7),101.3 (C-8),115.3 (C-9),104.2 (C-10),122.8 (C-1′),129.3 (C-2′),114.2 (C-3′),158.4 (C-4′),114.5 (C-5′),129.4 (C-6′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[20]報道的daidzein基本一致。
化合物14:白色粉末。ESI-MSm/z:471.3 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.51 (2H,d,H-2′,H-6′),6.93 (2H,d,H-3′,H-5′),6.33 (2H,m,H-6,8),5.39 (1H,dd,J=9.6,6.3 Hz,H-2),4.92 (1H,dd,J=9.6,6.3 Hz,H-1″),4.12 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-5″),3.58 (1H,t,J=9.6,H-2″),3.49 (2H,m,H-3″,4″),3.16 (1H,dd,J=9.6,6.3 Hz,H-3a),2.81 (1H,d,J=9.6,6.3 Hz,H-3b);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:103.6 (C-1),81.4 (C-2),43.2 (C-3),197.3 (C-4),106.2 (C-4a),167.3 (C-5),98.2 (C-6),165.1 (C-7),97.2 (C-8),165.2 (C-8a),131.2 (C-1′),131.4 (C-2′),117.1 (C-3′),160.6 (C-4′),117.8 (C-5′),130.5 (C-6′),102.3 (C-1″),96.3 (C-2″),73.6 (C-3″),73.1 (C-4″),70.5 (C-5″),173.6 (C-6″)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[21]報道的柚皮素-7-O-β-D-葡糖醛酸基本一致。
化合物15:白色粉末。ESI-MSm/z:484.1 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.02 (1H,brs,H-2′),6.91 (1H,brs,H-6′),6.75 (1H,brs,H-5′),6.23 (1H,s,H-6),6.12 (1H,s,H-8),5.26 (1H,dd,J=9.6,6.3 Hz,H-2),5.11 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-1″),3.32 (1H,m,H-4″),3.22 (1H,dd,J=9.6,6.3 Hz,H-3a),3.14 (2H,m,H-2″,H3″),1.84 (1H,dd,J=9.6,6.3 Hz,H-3b);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:101.3 (C-1),79.7 (C-2),44.3 (C-3),199.1 (C-4),105.5 (C-4a),165.1 (C-5),97.7 (C-6),166.8 (C-7),98.1 (C-8),164.3 (C-8a),131.6 (C-1′),131.7 (C-2′),147.6 (C-3′),147.3 (C-4′),116.3 (C-5′),131.2 (C-6′),100.1 (C-1″),76.1 (C-2″),74.3 (C-3″),72.8 (C-4″),72.9 (C-5″),172.1 (C-6″)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[21]報道的圣草酚-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸基本一致。
化合物16:白色油狀物。ESI-MSm/z:301.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.81 (2H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-3,6),6.48 (2H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-4,5),4.28 (4H,t,J=8.2 Hz,H-l′),1.83 (4H,m,H-2′),1.51 (4H,m,H-3′),1.02 (6H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-4);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:131.9 (C-1),131.9 (C-2),129.5 (C-3),128.3 (C-4),128.3 (C-5),129.5 (C-6),64.2 (C-l′),31.6 (C-2′),20.7 (C-3′),14.1 (C-4′),168.1 (7-OOC),168.1 (7′-OOC)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[22]報道的鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯基本一致。
化合物17:白色油狀物。ESI-MSm/z:413.4 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.75 (2H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-3,6),7.61 (2H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-4,5),4.18(4H,m,H-1′),0.97 (6H,t,J=8.2 Hz,H-2″),0.87 (6H,t,J=8.2 Hz,H-6′);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:131.5 (C-l),131.5 (C-2),129.1 (C-3),128.6 (C-4),128.6 (C-5),129.1 (C-6),69.3 (C-l′),39.1 (C-2′),31.6 (C-3′),30.5 (C-4′),22.9 (C-5′),13.9 (C-6′),24.1 (C-1″),10.9 (C-2″),165.1 (7-OOC),165.1 (7′-OOC)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[23]報道的鄰苯二甲酸二 (2-乙基)己酯基本一致。
化合物18:白色粉末。ESI-MSm/z:401.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:6.97 (1H,d,J=8.2,H-2),6.93 (1H,d,J=2.2,H-5′),6.91 (1H,d,J=2.2,H-2′),6.82 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2,H-6),6.73 (1H,d,J=2.2,H-5),6.71 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2,H-6′),4.73 (1H,d,J=8.2,H-4),4.28 (1H,m,H-7),3.91 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2,H-8),3.81 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2,H-4′),3.76 (3H,s,3-OCH3),3.47 (2H,t,J=8.2,H-9′),3.28 (3H,s,3′-OCH3),2.58 (2H,t,J=8.2,H-7′),1.78 (2H,m,H-8′);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:133.9 (C-1),114.6 (C-2),148.5 (C-3),47.9 (C-4),120.3 (C-5),122.6 (C-6),75.3 (C-7),87.2 (C-8),61.3 (C-9),131.2 (C-1′),131.2 (C-2′),117.2 (C-3′),160.1 (C-4′),117.1 (C-5′),130.5 (C-6′),139.1 (C-1″),121.3 (C-2″),153.9 (C-3″),147.6 (C-4″),116.2 (C-5″),122.1 (C-6″),33.2 (C-7″),32.8 (C-8″),63.4 (C-9″),56.7 (3-OCH3),46.4 (3′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[24]報道的4,7,9,9′-tetrahydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-8-O-4′-neolignan基本一致。
化合物19:黃色油狀物。ESI-MSm/z:260.1 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:5.81 (1H,s,H-1),1.37 (3H,s,H-12),1.20 (3H,s,H-13),1.14 (3H,s,H-15),0.97 (3H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-14);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:122.8(C-1),199.3 (C-2),40.8 (C-3),41.3 (C-4),41.9 (C-5),40.2 (C-6),44.1 (C-7),28.1 (C-8),33.1 (C-9),174.1 (C-10),72.4 (C-11),26.1 (C-12),24.8 (C-13),14.1 (C-14),16.1 (C-15)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[25]報道的11-hydroxy-valenc-1(10)-en -2-one基本一致。
化合物20:白色油狀物。ESI-MSm/z:223.3 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:7.12 (1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-2),6.93 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-5),7.03 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-6),5.91 (1H,dt,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-8′),5.52 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-9′),5.37 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-17′),5.29 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2 Hz,H-16′);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:129.4 (C-1),109.3 (C-2),147.1 (C-3),146.8 (C-4),113.2 (C-5),118.5 (C-6),99.6 (C-7),148.2 (C-1′),134.6 (C-2′),26.7 (C-3′),29.7 (C-4′),29.4 (C-5′),30.1 (C-6′),25.9 (C-7′),33.4 (C-8′),81.2 (C-9′),71.3 (C-10′),78.5 (C-11′),127.4 (C-12′),138.6 (C-13′),28.7 (C-14′),19.3 (C-15′),33.1 (C-16′),20.6 (C-17′),15.1 (C-18′),56.3 (3-OCH3),51.2 (1′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[26]報道的solacetal C基本一致。
化合物21:白色固體。ESI-MSm/z:231.1 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:6.97 (1H,d,J=8.2,H-2),6.64 (1H,d,J=2.2,H-5),6.53 (1H,dd,J=8.2,2.2,H-6),7.36 (1H,d,J=8.2,H-7),6.41 (1H,d,J=8.2,H-8),4.21 (2H,q,J=8.2,H-9);13C-NMR (150 MHz,acetone-d6)δ:126.1 (C-1),114.3 (C-2),1147.2 (C-3),150.1 (C-4),117.1 (C-5),123.5 (C-6),147.1 (C-7),1115.9 (C-8),170.2 (C-9),60.8 (C-1′),15.3 (C-2′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[27]報道的咖啡酸乙酯基本一致。
取凍存于-80 ℃的人肝正常細(xì)胞株HL-7702適量,置于37 ℃水浴鍋中,使液體融化,移至含10%胎牛血清的1640培養(yǎng)基內(nèi),振搖懸浮,離心6 min,去除上清液,再加入含10%胎牛血清的1640培養(yǎng)基,移至培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)48 h。采用胰蛋白酶消化后,將細(xì)胞密度稀釋至8×104/mL,以每孔100 μL置于96孔板中,將具有肝損傷的APAP用含10%胎牛血清的1640培養(yǎng)基稀釋為12 mmol/L。設(shè)置模型組(含12 mmol/L APAP培養(yǎng)基)、正常組(含10%胎牛血清的1640培養(yǎng)基)、化合物組(含12 mmol/L APAP培養(yǎng)基+50、100、200 μg/L化合物)、陽性對照組 (含12 mmol/L APAP培養(yǎng)基+200 μg/L聯(lián)苯雙酯),分別取100 μL置于96孔板中,每組設(shè)6個復(fù)孔,在37 ℃下培養(yǎng)24 h,采用MTT法考察各化合物對HL-7702細(xì)胞相對存活率的影響[28],發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物5、10、12、20具有顯著活性,在高劑量下更明顯(P<0.05),見表1。
表1 各化合物對HL-7702肝細(xì)胞株相對存活率的影響
本實驗從扯根菜中分離得21個化合物,除化合物3、9外均為首次從該植物中分離得到,其中化合物5、10、12、20可提高HL-7702的相對存活率。上述結(jié)果豐富了扯根菜化學(xué)成分,可為具有保肝活性的相關(guān)新藥開發(fā)提供參考。