K-12 AI curricula: A mapping of government-endorsed AI curricula（Ⅳ）

譯題? K-12人工智能課程：政府認(rèn)可的人工智能課程圖譜（四）

Product by UNESCO （United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization） 聯(lián)合國教科文組織

第一份關(guān)于K-12（學(xué)前教育至高中教育的基礎(chǔ)教育階段）人工智能課程全球狀況的報告，意在開發(fā)有效的支持工具和框架來促進(jìn)青少年人工智能素養(yǎng)的發(fā)展。

Curriculum integration

Teacher training and support

Upskilling existing teaching staff Most training strategies for government-endorsed curricula pursued the upskilling of existing staff. Some countries， e.g. China and Portugal， indicated that the preparation strategy leverages national training initiatives or projects for the teachers of subjects in which AI is embedded. In other areas such as Belgium， teacher-training programmes are decentralized and undertaken by education networks， and therefore may vary between regions， languages and types of schools （e.g. public or private）.

Non-governmental actors tend to undertake other methods of teacher training. For the MIT DAILy Curriculum， teachers from three districts in the USA participated in training which included both general sessions and 30 hours of implementation practice at summer camps hosted by NGO partners. Industry partners engage in the delivery of training courses remotely or through blended-learning methodologies. For instance， a partnership between IBM and Macquarie Universitys School of Education created the 16-hour Artificial Intelligence （AI） Education for Teachers course hosted on Coursera. The course covers topics such as the history of AI， comparing AI and human intelligence， and ethical considerations in developing and using AI. Some providers offer certification. Intel does this for coaches and lead coaches， the latter of which are often positioned as trainers of trainers.

Integrating AI into initial teacher preparation In Austria， the primary strategy for teacher training was to embed AI topics into initial teacher education at higher education institutions， which were expected to cover not only general AI topics but also the use of AI to support pedagogical processes and teaching and learning.

Supporting in-service teachers In addition to the creation of standards， national and regional governments support the implementation of AI curricula through the development of resources. For example， in Serbia the? ? that were developed for the various AI curricula offered in the country. National or regional initiatives also produce resources such as textbooks and assessment guidelines to support the AI curriculum prior to implementation.

The MIT DAILy Curriculum provides materials to teachers including slide decks， talking points and full lesson plans that they can use or adapt. Industry partners such as IBM， Intel and Microsoft supply them with learning pathways and content through global， open online resources. These partners have also created context-specific teacher resources for implementing countries， including manuals， facilitator handbooks and AI textbooks.

譯文

課程實施

教師培訓(xùn)和支持

現(xiàn)有教職工的技能提升 大多數(shù)政府認(rèn)可的課程所提供的培訓(xùn)致力于提升現(xiàn)有教職工的技能。一些國家（如中國和葡萄牙）表示，他們通常會根據(jù)國家的培訓(xùn)項目或計劃，對涉及人工智能科目的教師進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)。此外，在比利時等其他地區(qū)，由于教師培訓(xùn)通過教育網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行，其培訓(xùn)計劃往往比較分散，培訓(xùn)方式也可能會因區(qū)域、語言和學(xué)校類型（例如公立或私立）的差異而不同。非政府人員傾向于通過其他方式培訓(xùn)教師。來自美國三個地區(qū)的教師參加了麻省理工學(xué)院的DAILy課程培訓(xùn)，其中還包括通用會議以及非政府組織合作伙伴主辦的30小時的夏令營活動。行業(yè)合作伙伴通過遠(yuǎn)程或混合教學(xué)的方法為教師提供培訓(xùn)課程。例如，IBM與麥考瑞大學(xué)教育學(xué)院合作，在Coursera上開設(shè)了16小時的人工智能教師學(xué)習(xí)課程。該課程涵蓋人工智能歷史、人工智能與人類智慧的比較、開發(fā)和應(yīng)用人工智能的倫理考慮因素等專題。一些供應(yīng)商可以為客戶提供培訓(xùn)資格認(rèn)證。如美國英特爾公司為培訓(xùn)師和首席培訓(xùn)師提供認(rèn)證，后者通常被定位為培訓(xùn)師的老師。

將人工智能整合到教師的職前培訓(xùn)中 在奧地利，教師培訓(xùn)的主要方法是將人工智能相關(guān)專題納入到高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)的教師職前培訓(xùn)中，該培訓(xùn)不只涵蓋通用的人工智能專題，同時還包含指導(dǎo)教師如何使用人工智能支持教學(xué)法在教學(xué)中的使用以及支持教與學(xué)的過程。

為在職教師提供支持 除了建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以外，國家和地方政府還通過資源開發(fā)的方式支持人工智能課程的實施。例如，在塞爾維亞，人工智能課程的實施擁有在線工具的支持，包括視頻、演示以及各種人工智能課程開發(fā)的交互式任務(wù)。國家或地方政府也會在人工智能課程實施前提供教材和評估指南等資源。

麻省理工學(xué)院的DAILy課程會為教師教學(xué)提供資料，包括幻燈片、課程要點和完整的教案，供教師使用或改編。IBM、英特爾和微軟等行業(yè)合作伙伴通過面向全球開放的在線資源為教師提供各種學(xué)習(xí)途徑和學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。這些合作伙伴還為人工智能課程的實施創(chuàng)建了針對具體情境使用的教師資源，包括手冊、輔導(dǎo)員指南和人工智能教材。