篇首語(yǔ)

吳春花 《建筑技藝》（AT）執(zhí)行主編

任何一個(gè)好的建筑，都應(yīng)當(dāng)是“在地性”的設(shè)計(jì)。這種“在地”特性源于建筑物所處的自然環(huán)境或既有建成環(huán)境以及形成的文化、風(fēng)土等地域特征，進(jìn)而以空間組織、建構(gòu)、材料等因地制宜、因材致用的策略予以回應(yīng)。那么，建筑師如何看待這關(guān)乎人、地、時(shí)的“在地性”，也就體現(xiàn)了其所持的立場(chǎng)和責(zé)任。本期“AT建筑”以“守護(hù)自然”為主題，推出莊惟敏院士團(tuán)隊(duì)所做的九寨溝景區(qū)溝口立體式游客服務(wù)設(shè)施及一系列震后重建、恢復(fù)項(xiàng)目。

毫無(wú)疑問，大自然神奇造化的九寨溝、星羅棋布的九個(gè)藏寨、安多藏族文化，以及豐富的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，這些都是九寨溝自然保護(hù)區(qū)的重要構(gòu)成要素。因此，對(duì)于震后重建工作，以“守護(hù)自然”為初心，面向場(chǎng)地、地域、建造、需求的在地設(shè)計(jì)是一種本能使然，但如何恰當(dāng)?shù)厥刈o(hù)，如何把握好分寸，才是至關(guān)重要的。山林之間，游客中心順應(yīng)地勢(shì)緩緩匍匐在溝口，婉轉(zhuǎn)的曲線形態(tài)融入自然，展示中心以抽象的藏地“法螺”與兩個(gè)木結(jié)構(gòu)罩棚成為凸顯的標(biāo)志，也成為游客進(jìn)入九寨溝前的先導(dǎo)空間，除此之外整個(gè)建筑似乎被消隱了。設(shè)計(jì)最大限度地讓渡于交通——游客中心最具城市性、功能性的需求，立體式、雙廣場(chǎng)交通系統(tǒng)巧妙解決了經(jīng)精確計(jì)算的車流、人流集散問題，其他服務(wù)空間也被充分安排。在這其中，建筑的表達(dá)是適度的，石板瓦覆蓋下的屋頂微微起伏，小料石鋪砌的廣場(chǎng)如星河閃爍，好似月光的動(dòng)態(tài)照明影影綽綽，是“人作”向“天工”的致敬；螺旋上升的展示中心似與“林卡”景觀的風(fēng)馬旗彩色幡帳相呼應(yīng)，是“人作”向藏族文化的致敬；由數(shù)字模型控制的木構(gòu)開花柱、源于自然花序的膠合木梁，及夯土墻、木壘墻，是“人作”向傳統(tǒng)建造技藝的致敬；設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)牽頭的EPC下全過程數(shù)字化手段指導(dǎo)智能建造，是“人作”向當(dāng)代多專業(yè)綜合設(shè)計(jì)的致敬。

正像莊惟敏院士在品鑒會(huì)最后的發(fā)言中所說(shuō)的，九寨溝“8.8”震后的四年時(shí)間里，建筑師團(tuán)隊(duì)與業(yè)主、景觀設(shè)計(jì)、照明設(shè)計(jì)、木構(gòu)施工、鋼構(gòu)施工等團(tuán)隊(duì)克服困難、密切配合，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了新的游客中心，而作為建筑師所堅(jiān)守的建筑學(xué)立場(chǎng)與責(zé)任也實(shí)現(xiàn)了守護(hù)自然的初愿”。的確，我們始終要提醒自己，每一個(gè)建筑都應(yīng)立于大地、生長(zhǎng)于大地、歸于大地，同時(shí)也應(yīng)盡可能地賦予這幢建筑以建筑學(xué)的意義，這是建筑師的責(zé)任所在。

Every outstanding architecture should be a "in-site" design,which originates from the natural environment where the building is located and the existing built environment,as well as the cultural,local and Anduo Tibetan culture be formed.The design responds with the strategies of space organization,construction,materials,etc.Architects'views on the " in-site " of people,places and times also reflect their positions and responsibilities.With the theme of "Guardians of Nature",this issue of "AT Special" introduces Jiuzhai Valley Visitor Service Facilities and a series of post-earthquake reconstruction and restoration projects made by Academician Zhuang Weimin's team.

There is no doubt that the miraculous nature of Jiuzhai Valley,nine Tibetan villages,Tibetan minority cultures,and good ecosystems are all important elements of Jiuzhai Valley Nature Reserve.Therefore,it is instinctive for the post-earthquake reconstruction work to take "Guardians of Nature " as the initial intention,and design in place for the site,region,construction and demand,but it is important to master the right balance.Between the mountains and forests,the Visitor Center adapts to the terrain and integrates into the nature.The "conch" shaped exhibition center and two wooden structures become the leading space for tourists to enter Jiuzhai Valley .The entire building seems to be hidden.The design skillfully solves the traffic problem through the three-dimensional double deck square,and other service spaces are also fully arranged.Among them,the expression of architecture is moderate.Slate roof,small stone square and moonlight lighting are the homage of "man made" to "heaven made".The exhibition center echoes the colorful flag tent,which is tributes to Tibetan culture by "man made".The wooden flowering columns,glued wooden beams,rammed earth walls and wooden ramparts are tributes to traditional construction techniques.The whole process of intelligent construction guided by digital means under EPC led by the design team is a tribute to the contemporary multidisciplinary integrated design.

As Academician Zhuang Weimin said,"In the four years after the Jiuzhai Valley earthquake,the architect team worked closely with the owners and various teams,and finally built a new tourist center,realizing the first wish to protect nature".Every building should stand on the earth,grow on the earth and belong to the earth.Architects need to uphold responsibility and give meaning to architecture.