○夏秀琳
讀和寫作為英語“聽、說、讀、看、寫”五會(huì)技能的高階體現(xiàn),在小學(xué)階段具有舉足輕重的作用。《義務(wù)教育英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2022年版)》二級(jí)學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)關(guān)于“讀”和“寫”是這樣描述的:能夠借助圖片、上下文線索嘗試推測(cè)語篇中生詞的含義;在閱讀相關(guān)主題的語篇材料時(shí),能梳理人物、場(chǎng)景、情節(jié)等信息,獨(dú)立思考,提出個(gè)人見解;能圍繞相關(guān)主題與他人交流,表達(dá)自己的情感、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn),基本達(dá)到交際的目的;能用簡(jiǎn)單的句子描述與中外文化有關(guān)的具體現(xiàn)象和事物,語句基本通順;能運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞句講述簡(jiǎn)單的小故事,表意基本清楚;進(jìn)行書面表達(dá)時(shí),能正確使用大小寫字母、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),拼寫基本正確等。
“雙減”政策下,要想達(dá)到以上讀寫目標(biāo),需要教師依托教材文本,采用科學(xué)方法,實(shí)施有效策略,激發(fā)學(xué)生讀寫興趣的同時(shí),讓學(xué)生穩(wěn)步提高讀寫能力。本文將結(jié)合人教版小學(xué)英語高年級(jí)下冊(cè)教材的讀寫板塊,針對(duì)當(dāng)前讀寫課存在的導(dǎo)入無趣味、閱讀質(zhì)量不達(dá)標(biāo)、指導(dǎo)不到位、策略有缺失等問題,分析讀寫教學(xué)中存在的典型問題,并探討其解決方案。
教 學(xué)內(nèi) 容:Whose dog is it?B Read and write讀前導(dǎo)入環(huán)節(jié)
T:(出示課本插圖)Look at the pictures and say.
S1:The dog is climbing.
S2:The rabbits are jumping…
T:Right!What are birds doing?
S3:They are flying.
T:Look!I’m flying like a bird.Can you?
Ss:Yes.(學(xué)生邊說邊做。)
T:Good job!Can Robin fly like a bird?Please open your books.Let’s readRobin at the zoo.
片段中,教師運(yùn)用看圖說話的方式引入讀寫課教學(xué),并用邊說邊做的形式,提前滲透了將要閱讀的文本主句I’m doing like a...并以此來引入主話題??此埔磺行性屏魉?,直奔主題,但卻忽視了一點(diǎn),就是趣味的重要性。首先,教材原圖的呈現(xiàn)缺少新鮮感;其次,大多采用了一問一答的方式,單一乏味;最后,教師直接拋出主題,缺少深層引導(dǎo)。
T:(播放視頻)Let’s sing a songWalking,Walking,okay?
Ss:OK!(學(xué)生邊做動(dòng)作邊跟唱。)
T:(畫面停在下圖三個(gè)小動(dòng)物上,教師做相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作。)It’s a lovely song.Look!I’m looking at a pig.I’m walking like a pig.What about you?
S1:I’m looking at a rabbit.I’m walking like a rabbit.
S2:I’m looking at a cat.I’m walking like a cat.
T:No,no,no.We are looking at three children.They’re walking like animals.They love animals.Do you love animals?
Ss:Yes!
T:Robin loves,too.So can you guess where Robin is?
Ss:Zoo!
T:(板書課題)Right!Robin at the zoo.
減負(fù)不減趣。重構(gòu)片段中,教師利用與本節(jié)課重點(diǎn)詞句相關(guān)的歌曲和學(xué)生一起邊唱邊做動(dòng)作,在引導(dǎo)中滲透愛護(hù)動(dòng)物主題,從而使學(xué)生輕松進(jìn)入文本的學(xué)習(xí)。
教學(xué)內(nèi)容:How tall are you?B Read and write讀中解文環(huán)節(jié)
T:Wu Yifan has a story to tell Robin.Who is in the story?What are they doing?Please read and answer.(學(xué)生自讀故事后)OK.Who is in the story?
S1:Little Duck and Old Tree.
T:Do you agree?
Ss:Yes.
T:What are they doing?
……
T:What is Little Duck doing?
S2:He is watching the sun go down.
T:What is Old Tree doing?Let’s listen and repeat.
教師的問題零散,沒有一定的層次性、指向性和目的性,師不追問“why”,生不思考“reason”,學(xué)生只能照本宣科式地進(jìn)行作答,缺少對(duì)文本故事的整體理解和深層思考,不利于學(xué)生概括、推理等能力以及批判性思維的培養(yǎng)。此外,閱讀課一沒有扎實(shí)讀,二無閱讀策略指導(dǎo),學(xué)生無法掌握讀寫技巧。
T:Spring is so beautiful.Wu Yifan and his family are going on a trip to the countryside.Wu Yifan has a story to tell Robin.Who is in the story?Read quickly and answer.Begin!(PPT出現(xiàn)10秒倒計(jì)時(shí),時(shí)間到。)
Ss:Little Duck and Old Tree.
T:Right!Now let’s read again and try to finish“Read and circle”of Page 9.Circle the new words and try to understand them.(教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞意,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生運(yùn)用自然拼讀法讀出生詞。)Now who’d like to try?No.1.
S1:I choose A.Little duck’s shadow.
T:Why?
S2:Because Little Duck finds his shadow’s change.
T:Do you agree,class?
Ss:Yes!
T:You’re so smart.Please write down the title.Pay attention to the rules and your handwriting.
(教師巡回指導(dǎo)、糾正、強(qiáng)調(diào)書寫規(guī)則,優(yōu)秀作品進(jìn)行展示。)
T:Read the story again and finish the dialogue.
(引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用找關(guān)鍵詞句、聯(lián)系上下文分析等閱讀策略進(jìn)行閱讀理解。)
……
本環(huán)節(jié)中教師在學(xué)生讀文理解過程中適時(shí)滲透閱讀策略,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己理解生詞,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注書寫,準(zhǔn)確高效完成閱讀任務(wù);聽音模仿中,教師提醒學(xué)生認(rèn)真聽、注意原聲語音語調(diào)的同時(shí),養(yǎng)成做聽讀標(biāo)記的好習(xí)慣,學(xué)生的“聽”不再流于形式,學(xué)生的“讀”才能保質(zhì)保量。
教學(xué)內(nèi)容:Where did you go?B Read and write讀后寫作環(huán)節(jié)
T:Wu Yifan’s family had a bad but also good day.Did you have a day like that?
Ss:Yes!
T:Well,talk about it in your group.
(學(xué)生分組討論。)
T:Who’d like to share your bad but good day?
S1:I had a bad but good day.Yesterday I fell off my bike and broke my leg.I stayed at home all day.But…
T:Well done!Now turn to Page 29.Let’s try to write.You can write it after class.
上述教學(xué)片段中,教師按部就班,先議后說,說后再寫。但由于說前任務(wù)布置不夠具體,目標(biāo)不夠明確,學(xué)生在小組研討時(shí)缺少抓手,行進(jìn)緩慢,尤其對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)不牢、缺少自信的學(xué)生來說,更加難于開口,這樣就導(dǎo)致寫作環(huán)節(jié)時(shí)間緊張,課上不足只能課下完成了。
T:Did you have a bad but also good day?
Ss:Yes!
T:Remember that day and try to write it like this.(出示PPT作文模板)Please read by yourselves first.What do you find?
S1:It’s a diary.
S2:Date is on the right of the top.
T:How to write the date in English?
……
T:You’re so great.Okay,now let’s write.
本片段中,教師緊跟上一環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行文章精簡(jiǎn)仿寫的解讀,先把需要注意的事項(xiàng)通過學(xué)生觀察、教師引導(dǎo)、師生交流的方式理順;然后趁熱打鐵,學(xué)生課上現(xiàn)場(chǎng)仿寫,教師隨即當(dāng)堂指導(dǎo),大大提高了學(xué)生寫的質(zhì)量。