鉤沉文史脈絡(luò) 重現(xiàn)鮮活記憶

文 / 嚴(yán)粒粒 胡 婷

杭州余杭良渚古城外圍水系統(tǒng)—秋塢水壩遺址。林天立/攝The site of Qiuwu Dam, part of the water conservancy system of the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City. Photo by Lin Tianli.

文化是條來自遠古、途經(jīng)現(xiàn)在、流向未來的河流。在這條大河之上，浙江文化如一顆璀璨明珠，從古閃耀至今。

為深入闡述、傳承燦爛厚重的浙江歷史文化，講好浙江的歷史人文故事， 2018年，由浙江省文史研究館發(fā)起的《浙江文史記憶》叢書編纂工作正式啟動；2020年，在各地相關(guān)部門的支持下，叢書編纂工作在11個設(shè)區(qū)市全面鋪開。叢書力求從文史視角，系統(tǒng)介紹浙江的主要文明演進、重要歷史文化人物和重大文史事件。

叢書由省卷1卷、市卷11卷、縣（市、區(qū)）86卷共98卷組成，填補了浙江省文史研究成果在簡明性、普及性和全域性方面的空白，讓全體社會更多地了解和掌握浙江各地歷史人文特色。

8月1日，首批《浙江文史記憶》叢書，即省卷，以及嘉興市、縣（市）卷率先出版發(fā)布。全套叢書預(yù)計今年年底將陸續(xù)出版。日前，我們對話叢書編纂的參與者們，進一步明晰這套叢書的特色、價值和意義。

文化先行 勇挑文化建設(shè)重任

我們?yōu)槭裁匆匾曃氖酚洃洠?/p>

“悠久的歷史文化是我們的根和靈魂，任何時代的人們都只能在前人的基礎(chǔ)上前行。”省卷緒論的這句話，宏觀地回答了這一問題。

保護好、傳承好、利用好中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，挖掘其豐富內(nèi)涵，是一項意義深遠的大事。

我們的文化自信，來源于深厚的歷史根基。浙江歷來“人文淵藪”，是中華文明的發(fā)祥地之一。

距今約一百萬年的長興七里亭遺址，就有古人類在浙江境內(nèi)活動的痕跡；距今約一萬年前的浦江上山文化遺址群中普遍發(fā)現(xiàn)了早期稻作遺存；距今約8000年前的蕭山跨湖橋文化有著中國史前文化史上最早的獨木舟、最早的漆器、最早的“中藥罐”等多個“第一”；距今約7000年的余姚河姆渡文化是中國最早的新石器時期文化遺址之一；距今約5000年的余杭良渚古城有著“中華第一城”之稱……

這片歷史厚重的沃土，孕育了豐饒的文化積淀。

其中，有許多是中華文化史上的“經(jīng)典”—比如，“和合文化”象征“貴和尚中、善解能容，厚德載物、和而不同”的寬容品格，是我們民族所追求的一種文化理念；“浙東唐詩之路”上歷史遺存和人文典故眾多，唐代四百多位詩人在此留下了1500多首傳世名篇；南宋建都臨安，留下風(fēng)雅宋韻；陽明心學(xué)則成為中國思想文化史上的重要學(xué)說……

記憶文史，是時代之需、現(xiàn)實之需，更是浙江之需。

早在2003年，浙江就提出了“加快建設(shè)文化大省”。尤其是這十多年來，浙江正從文化大省邁向文化強省，打造新時代文化高地。浙江文化研究工程、宋韻文化傳世工程、大運河文化帶建設(shè)、詩路文化帶建設(shè)……徜徉在這股強勁的文化建設(shè)大潮里，全省范圍內(nèi)一批重要文化工程相繼啟動，大力推動在共同富裕中實現(xiàn)精神富有、在現(xiàn)代化先行中實現(xiàn)文化先行。

據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，自2018年項目啟動以來，浙江省文史研究館召開各類專題會議30余次，組織館內(nèi)專家力量赴各地調(diào)研指導(dǎo)20余次，省市縣三級參與叢書編纂工作的人員達1000余人。

追古述今 勾勒人文歷史脈絡(luò)

泱泱中華，文明博大。和古老悠久的中華文明史一樣，叢書有著厚重的氣質(zhì)。

叢書省卷字?jǐn)?shù)30萬字左右，市縣一級每卷字?jǐn)?shù)15萬至25萬字不等； 叢書書寫的故事以時間（朝代）為序，從史前文明曙光初照起，綿延先秦、秦漢六朝、隋唐五代、宋元明清、辛亥革命，以及新中國成立以來各個時期。

浙江幾千年文明是一個整體。因此，在內(nèi)容排布上，叢書的每一卷、每一章的最開始，都有這一時期的歷史沿革、發(fā)展進程的整體概述，便于讀者一目了然地了解這個朝代時浙江歷史發(fā)展的特色和特點。

和絢爛多彩的中華文明一樣，這套叢書也有著寬廣的選題。

文化是個抽象的大概念?！叭宋闹赶蛉祟惿鐣械母鞣N文化現(xiàn)象，而文化則指向人類的不同生活方式、價值體系與制度習(xí)俗，包括民族或族群精神活動的方式、精神活動成果以及在歷史中形成的精神文明傳統(tǒng)?！闭憬∥氖费芯筐^館員、浙江省社科院研究員吳光在省卷緒論中說。

杭州余杭良渚古城遺址出土的黑陶紋飾展開狀。良渚管委會/供圖Patterns on the black pottery excavated at the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City. Photo provided by Hangzhou Liangzhu Archaeological Site Administrative District Management Committee.

杭州余杭良渚反山遺址出土的玉琮王。良渚管委會/供圖A king jade cong excavated at the Fanshan Cemetery of the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City. Photo provided by Hangzhou Liangzhu Archaeological Site Administrative District Management Committee.

如他所言，叢書內(nèi)容不拘泥于狹義上的“人文文化”。鬼斧神工的山脈水系、烽火硝煙中的抗戰(zhàn)歷程、且行且吟的詩詞歌賦……浙江在文史哲、科學(xué)、教育、藝術(shù)等方面的發(fā)展歷程和人文精髓，書中都有所涉及。

歷史說到底在于人的故事。叢書以歷史人物敘述為主線，兼顧重大歷史事件。這一特點，從各個章節(jié)的標(biāo)題中頻頻出現(xiàn)的人名即可發(fā)現(xiàn)。

人的行蹤又是不定的。要如何規(guī)避內(nèi)容寫作時的重復(fù)？叢書秉持的原則是：詳略得當(dāng)，各有側(cè)重。比如，省卷中，王陽明是“明朝時期的浙江”一章的“主角”之一，敘述重點在概述他的“陽明心學(xué)”。編纂組工作人員透露，有關(guān)他更詳盡的故事，涉及早年的，可能會出現(xiàn)在寧波相關(guān)卷，后期的則可能在紹興相關(guān)卷中出現(xiàn)。

文史也并不只代表過去。所有歷史，都從今天出發(fā)。與時俱進的浙江，正向世人展現(xiàn)她的新風(fēng)貌。

省卷里，錨定了這樣一些節(jié)點性的時間和事件：改革開放以來，浙江鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)與民營企業(yè)異軍突起；現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新成就在世紀(jì)之交探索發(fā)展；“八八戰(zhàn)略”是引領(lǐng)浙江發(fā)展、推進浙江各項工作的總綱領(lǐng)和總方略；“紅船精神”被首次提出；“綠水青山就是金山銀山”理念發(fā)揮理論偉力與實踐活力；新時代的“重要窗口”正在打造標(biāo)志性成果；這個全國第一個完成脫貧攻堅任務(wù)的省份正推動共同富裕示范先行和省域現(xiàn)代化先行……

沿著省卷留下的線索索驥，嘉興市卷截取了具有地域性標(biāo)識的“文史記憶”，比如，步鑫生的“剪刀傳奇”剪開了中國城鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)改革的帷幕、公共圖書館的“嘉興模式”成為公共文化服務(wù)走在全國前列的典范、烏鎮(zhèn)成為世界互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大會永久舉辦地……

改革開放以來，尤其是進入新世紀(jì)、新時代以來，浙江發(fā)展的一系列重大成就與悠遠的歷史一同被編進了書里，為讀者從整體上把握浙江文化大省建設(shè)的發(fā)展歷程和實踐成果提供了有益參考。

厚史“小書” 生動講述文史記憶

叢書項目參與人數(shù)之多、編纂體量之大、涉及范圍之廣，開創(chuàng)了省文史館建館史上的先河。如此浩大的項目，在實施過程中必然有許多難點需要克服、思想需要統(tǒng)一。

僅針對省卷，省文史館就專題召開了20余次會議研究文稿的修改完善；組織專家累計近百人次對全文各部分內(nèi)容進行審核；文章作者、省文史館館員、茅盾文學(xué)獎獲得者王旭烽作了多達18輪的文稿調(diào)整和修改。

叢書既是一套縱觀古今的“大書”，也是一套簡明易讀的“小書”—以尊重歷史為前提，它定位為面向大眾的普及性書籍，需要平衡文學(xué)性、史實性、知識性的關(guān)系。

“話說那秦始皇，橫渡浙江時威風(fēng)凜凜，觀者人山人海，誰知就有一個天下大英雄隱身其中，正是秦國的死對頭、楚國貴族名將項燕之孫項羽……傳說此時的項羽和他的叔叔項梁正站在岸邊觀看，禁不住脫口而出：‘彼可取而代之也。’項梁大吃一驚，急忙伸手捂住項羽的嘴，小聲責(zé)備：‘別亂說！你不怕全家合族都要殺頭嗎！’”

隨手翻開省卷一頁，類似這樣富有文學(xué)色彩的敘述是叢書的一大特色。有人曾提出質(zhì)疑：歷史應(yīng)不應(yīng)該這么寫？

王旭烽運用夾敘夾議的手法，在每個章節(jié)前后留下精簡的評析?！皩憵v史性文章不是純文學(xué)，不能通篇意境。真實、公認(rèn)的觀點闡述，既能引發(fā)讀者思考，又方便讀者提綱挈領(lǐng)?！?/p>

歷史有“揚”有“抑”。兩者的舍取，考驗著叢書的格局。

南宋是個矛盾的朝代，在經(jīng)濟、文化、科技諸方面都極為發(fā)達的同時，政治制度扭曲。宋王朝如何在倉皇中狼狽南赴、如何重用權(quán)臣賈似道誤國誤民、又如何卑怯地辜負像文天祥這樣忠誠朝臣后走向滅亡……這些“負面”，省卷的“南宋時期的浙江”章節(jié)并沒有刻意回避。

寫作過程中，王旭烽拒絕了回避一些“灰暗”的歷史側(cè)面、讓故事“好看”的建議。“沒有一段封建王朝的歷史是全然光彩的?！彼J(rèn)為，歷史的經(jīng)驗值得注意，歷史的教訓(xùn)更應(yīng)引以為戒。

王旭烽是頗為合適的作者。她畢業(yè)于歷史系，具有專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)；寫過《走讀浙江》，對浙江各地的歷史文化遺跡、人物有知識儲備；獲得過茅盾文學(xué)獎，文學(xué)性寫作更是游刃有余。2020年，以她的省卷初稿為母本，市縣卷工作全面鋪開。

市縣一級能找到像她這樣的作者嗎？有的縣沒有文史館，又該由誰來組織呢？浙江省文史研究館一度犯難。

很快，省內(nèi)各地市的參與熱情，打消了這一顧慮。在各市宣傳部的統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)下，市縣卷編纂出版工作有力推進，有的地方還專門成立編委會，形成了組織機構(gòu)，集中了編纂力量。

對于當(dāng)?shù)貋碚f，叢書是一次整體梳理當(dāng)?shù)匚氖返碾y得契機。叢書的嘉興卷及縣（市）卷是嘉興首次市、縣（市）聯(lián)動參與編纂出版的有著通史性質(zhì)的文史叢書，內(nèi)容涵蓋各個領(lǐng)域，可謂嘉興“一方之全史”“百科之全書”?！坝涗洑v史有必要從‘史’向‘文史’靠攏。我們記錄歷史向來只偏重史，叢書把‘文’和‘史’結(jié)合起來，‘補史之缺、詳史之略、續(xù)史之無’?！奔闻d市政協(xié)副主席王登峰介紹，不少對當(dāng)?shù)貧v史文化頗有研究的學(xué)者專家都積極參與其中，叢書不僅充分發(fā)揮了他們的學(xué)識專業(yè)性，更賦予了他們靈活多元的書寫空間。

知史鑒今，觀照未來。叢書出版，任務(wù)只完成了一半。編纂組希望，未來，叢書能成大眾的案頭書籍，用生動的浙江故事，打造浙江新時代文化高地建設(shè)進程中的一張文化“金名片”。

我們期待著。

每年7月6日是“杭州良渚日”。2022年7月6日，作為良渚古城遺址外圍水利系統(tǒng)重要組成的老虎嶺遺址公園首次向公眾開放。董旭明 徐彥 搖慧敏/攝The Hangzhou Liangzhu Day falls on July 6 every year. On July 6, 2022, the Laohuling Ruins Park, an important part of the water conservancy system surrounding the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, was opened to the public for thefirst time. Photo by Dong Xuming, Xu Yan and Yao Huimin.

Reviving Culture and History Memories of Zhejiang

By Yan Lili Hu Ting

Culture is a river that comes from the past, passes through the present and flows into the future. On this river, Zhejiang culture is like a bright pearl that shines from the past to the present.

To elaborate and inherit the splendid rich culture and history of Zhejiang, and tell the humanistic stories of the province,Zhejiang Research Institute of Culture and History initiated the compilation of a book series titled “Memory of Zhejiang Culture and History”. Officially launched in 2018, 11 prefecturallevel cities carried out the project in full swing starting in 2020,with the support of relevant departments. The book series seeks to systematically introduce the major civilizational evolution,important culturalfigures and major cultural and historical events in Zhejiang from a cultural and historical perspective.

With a total of 98 volumes, the series consists of 1 provincial volume, 11 city-level volumes, 86 volumes of counties (cities and districts). Itfills the gap of Zhejiang’s cultural and historical achievements in terms of universality and regionality.

2019年9月25日，剛完工的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)之光博覽中心亮相烏鎮(zhèn)。倪雁強 魏衍方/攝The Light of the Internet Expo Center makes its debut in Wuzhen on September 25, 2019. Photo by Ni Yanqiang and Wei Yanfang.

On August 1, thefirst batch of the book series, namely the provincial volume and the volumes on Jiaxing city and its counties(cities) were the first to come out. The whole series is expected to be released successively by the end of this year. A few days ago, we had a conversation with the editors to further clarify the characteristics, value and significance of the book series.

Why do we need to remember culture and history? “Age-old history and culture are our roots and soul, and people of any era can only build on what their ancestors have left.” The quote from the introduction of the provincial volume answers this question in a broad stroke.

In 2003, Zhejiang proposed to “accelerate the construction of a culturally strong province”. In the past decade, Zhejiang has transformed itself from a culturally big province to a “culturally strong” province, pointing to a cultural high ground in the new era.

Since the start of the project in 2018, the Zhejiang Research Institute of Culture and History has held more than 30 meetings on various topics, gathered together experts of the institute to do field research for more than 20 times, and involved more than 1,000 people in the project at the provincial, city and county levels.

The word count of the provincial volume is about 300,000 Chinese characters, and those for city and county volumes range from 150,000 to 250,000. The contents are written in chronological order, from the dawn of prehistoric civilization to the various periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

“The thousands-year civilization of Zhejiang is an entirety.Therefore, the editors were not in favor of dividing the manuscripts into pure historical records as thefirst half and stories as the second half. That would seem like a mechanical patchwork,and all the characters and events would lack an overall historical background,” Wang Yongchang, director of the Zhejiang Research Institute of Culture and History, said.

Therefore, in terms of content layout, each volume, and each chapter, begins with an overview of the historical evolution and development of the period, making it easy for readers to understand immediately the features of the historical development of Zhejiang during the said periods.

Like the diversified Chinese civilization, this book series also has a wide selection of topics.

As Wang said, the contents of the series are not confined to the “humanistic culture” in its narrow sense but cover the history and essence of Zhejiang’s development in culture, history,philosophy, science, education, arts, among other aspects.

Culture and history do not represent the past only, for all histories start from the present. Zhejiang, keeping pace with the times, is showing the world her new style.

The provincial volume records such landmark events: since the Reform and Opening-up, Zhejiang township enterprises and private enterprises have emerged; new achievements in modernization at the turn of the century have developed; “the Double Eight Strategies” have been brought up as the overall guide for the development of Zhejiang; “the Red Boat Spirit” wasfirst proposed; the philosophy of “l(fā)ucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” has shown both theoretical power and practical vitality; Zhejiang as the first province nationwide to complete the task of poverty eradication is primarily promoting common prosperity ...

The number of participants and the editing work, and the scope of the project are unprecedented in the history of the Zhejiang Research Institute of Culture and History. In the process of implementing such a huge project, there are bound to be many difficulties to overcome and different ideas to unify.

For the provincial volume alone, the institute held more than 20 meetings to study manuscript revisions; nearly 100 experts were organized to review the contents of various parts. Among them is Wang Xufeng, a member of the institute and winner of the Mao Dun Literature Prize, who conducted as many as 18 rounds of manuscript revision.

The series is both a “big book” that looks at the past and the present, and a “small book” that is concise and easy to read — being true to history as the foundation, it is targeted for the general public as a popular reading and needs to balance literary, historical and informative elements.

History has both “bright” and “dark” sides. During her writing, Wang Xufeng rejected the suggestion to avoid some “dark”aspects of history and make stories “nice and bright”. “No history of a feudal dynasty is completely glorious,” she said. She believes that the experience drawn from history is worth noting, and the lessons should be learned.

杭州岳王廟。陳瑩/攝The Yufei Temple in Hangzhou city. Photo by Chen Ying.

Wang is quite a suitable author for the book series. She studied history and is a professional historian; she has writtenand has a good knowledge of historical and cultural sites and people around Zhejiang; she is a Mao Dun Literature Prize winner and is comfortable with literary writing.Beginning in 2020, based on her first draft of the provincial volume, the compilation work on the city- and county-level volumes has been carried out comprehensively.

But could authors like Wang be found at the county level?For the counties that do not have culture and history research institutes, which body should be in charge of this project locally?Zhejiang Research Institute of Culture and History was faced with such a dilemma.

Soon, the enthusiasm of the cities dispelled this concern.Under the coordination of local publicity departments, the compilation and publication of city- and county-level volumes have been vigorously promoted, and some places even set up editorial committees to pool the compilation resources.

Although the publication of the book series still has more than a half to complete, the editorial committee hopes that in the future the book series could become a favorite reading for the public, and a cultural “golden card” for building Zhejiang into a cultural high ground in the new era.