浙江電影：十年輝煌，未來可期

文/張子帆

十年來，浙產(chǎn)動漫電影異軍突起，表現(xiàn)卓越。In the past ten years, Zhejiang-produced animationfilms have become increasingly popular with their excellent performance.

浙江，歷史悠久，人文薈萃，與中國電影有著不解之緣。這里曾走出許多著名的電影藝術家，在中國電影史上留下了眾多彪炳史冊的作品。浙江自身的電影制作產(chǎn)業(yè)誕生于20世紀50年代，勃興于20世紀80年代，浙江的電影人篳路藍縷、艱苦玉成，為中國當代電影史留下不少可圈可點的作品。

近十年來，浙江電影業(yè) “筑巢引鳳”“借船出海”“自主創(chuàng)新”三箭齊發(fā)，開始了新一輪的發(fā)展歷程，逐步成為中國電影大省和強省。

“三箭齊發(fā)” 走向世界

“筑巢引鳳”“借船出海”“自主創(chuàng)新”三箭齊發(fā)，是浙江電影新一輪發(fā)展的驅(qū)動引擎。

筑巢引鳳，是指浙江電影管理部門制定和實施一系列促進電影生產(chǎn)制作的優(yōu)惠政策，為企業(yè)、為電影人提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務，營造良好寬松的藝術生產(chǎn)環(huán)境，吸引各地的影視公司入駐浙江，并讓入駐浙江的影視公司充分感受到浙江影視產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的美好前景。

浙江影視基地的繁榮，從一個側(cè)面反映出扎根于浙江進行影視作品拍攝制作的公司日益增多。從2012年開始，作為浙江電影的“關鍵詞”之一，以橫店影視基地、象山影視城為代表的影視基地的產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚發(fā)展格局基本形成，正逐步擴大規(guī)模，力爭打造一流影視基地。2020年，象山影視城搭建了國內(nèi)首個LED攝影棚，主要為視效要求較高的科幻電影服務，它所呈現(xiàn)的虛擬場景將從一定程度上取代綠幕的運用。這也反映出浙江在影視拍攝基地建設方面實力不俗。

幾乎在同時，浙江有關部門還在杭州西溪濕地辟出一塊“風水寶地”，建立西溪創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)園，諸多著名影視劇作家在這里建立工作室，華策影視、長城影視、浙江影視集團、東海電影集團等國內(nèi)著名影視機構在此落戶。風光秀麗的西溪濕地成了名副其實的藏龍臥虎之地。

紀錄片《我在故宮修文物》記錄故宮書畫、青銅器、宮廷鐘表、木器、陶瓷、漆器、百寶鑲嵌、宮廷織繡等領域稀世珍奇文物的修復過程和修復者的生活故事。The documentary I Repair Cultural Relics in the Forbidden City records the repairing process of such rare cultural relics as painting and calligraphy, bronze ware, palace clocks, wood ware, ceramics, lacquer ware, among others, as well as the stories of their repairers.

種好梧桐樹，引來金鳳凰。這一系列舉措為浙江電影的生產(chǎn)和發(fā)展營造了極為良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境，從而使浙江電影呈現(xiàn)出前所未有的繁榮態(tài)勢。

借船出海，這是浙江電影生產(chǎn)繁榮發(fā)展的又一條成功經(jīng)驗。浙江的影視制作公司瞄準優(yōu)質(zhì)電影項目參與投資，從《集結號》到《私人訂制》（2013）、《大鬧天宮》（2014）……浙江電影伴隨中國電影的大片時代發(fā)展脈絡，借鑒、吸收、消化、創(chuàng)造。在這過程中，浙江也在研究全球電影的成功經(jīng)驗，使浙江電影逐漸成為中國電影的一個強大力量。既付出了艱辛，也取得了真“經(jīng)”。另外，《第101次求婚》（2012）等合拍片的出現(xiàn)，也標志著浙江電影向海揚帆,駛向國際大舞臺。

自主創(chuàng)新，是浙江電影產(chǎn)業(yè)自身發(fā)展的最終目標。浙江電影人在探索、實踐的歷程中，逐步學會自己走路。浙江啟動文化精品扶持工程，出資扶持影視重點項目；設立浙江電影“鳳凰獎”，獎勵浙江本土電影；通過一系列措施和途徑，培養(yǎng)造就浙江影視領軍隊伍。2013年，有“浙江電影夢工場”之稱的東海電影集團有限公司掛牌成立，標志著浙江形成了電影制作、發(fā)行、放映和影視新業(yè)態(tài)全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈全面發(fā)展的新格局，助推浙江成為中國影視產(chǎn)業(yè)副中心和影視行業(yè)領軍者。同時，大力組織舉辦各類電影文化活動，為浙江電影發(fā)展營造濃厚的氛圍，讓大眾“關注電影、走近電影、創(chuàng)作電影”。

漸入佳境 風生水起

當各地電影資源不斷涌入浙江的同時，產(chǎn)生了一個新的概念：“浙產(chǎn)電影”，用來囊括浙江所參與制作出品的電影。這一概念主要是從電影產(chǎn)業(yè)所在和屬地管理角度來界定的，體現(xiàn)的是前文提及的浙江電影生產(chǎn)環(huán)境優(yōu)渥所帶來的產(chǎn)業(yè)紅利。

在“浙產(chǎn)電影”這一品牌效應下，浙江十年來擁有了一系列優(yōu)質(zhì)電影產(chǎn)品，叫好叫座，引人注目。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計主要有： 2013年：《私人訂制》；2014年：《智取威虎山》； 2015年：《捉妖記》《老炮兒》； 2016年：《湄公河行動》《盜墓筆記》； 2017年：《羞羞的鐵拳》《芳華》《悟空傳》； 2018年：《天渠》； 2019年：《老師好》《春江水暖》； 2020年：《八佰》； 2021年：《紅船》《你好，李煥英》《柳浪聞鶯》； 2022年：《李茂扮太子》《這個殺手不太冷靜》《獨行月球》《媽媽！》……

可以看出，十年來，“浙產(chǎn)電影”題材豐富多樣，風格多元迥異，產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量漸入佳境，進入年度票房前十的影片也逐漸增加，可謂成果豐碩，成績斐然。越來越多的“浙產(chǎn)電影”在電影金雞獎、百花獎、華表獎、全國“五個一工程獎”以及諸多國際電影節(jié)中屢獲大獎，佳訊頻傳。

十年來，除了故事片風生水起，浙江的紀錄電影也有長足亮眼的發(fā)展。這一波的發(fā)展來自浙江有關部門的重視和助推。2015年年初，浙江從發(fā)展規(guī)劃、發(fā)展方向、創(chuàng)作主體的培育、播映平臺的建設、人才保障、資金扶持等方面多管齊下，助推浙產(chǎn)紀錄片發(fā)展。同年，浙江省紀錄片協(xié)會成立，即著手籌劃舉辦“西湖國際紀錄片節(jié)”。浙江省率先從省級層面上主動為紀錄片行業(yè)搭建平臺，建立行業(yè)準則，為新一輪浙江紀錄片發(fā)展推波助瀾。2017年，首屆“西湖國際紀錄片節(jié)”在中國美術學院盛大啟幕。此后每年一屆，至今已辦五屆。從《喜馬拉雅天梯》（2015）、《我在故宮修文物》（2016）、《羅長姐》（2017）、《一百年很久嗎》（2018）、《無臂七子》（2019）到《武漢日夜》（2020），浙產(chǎn)紀錄電影日漸受人矚目。

十年來，浙江的戲曲電影也在穩(wěn)健發(fā)展。浙江戲劇資源豐沃，戲劇種類豐富，名家名作迭出，傳播基礎深厚，積淀了一大批膾炙人口、廣為傳播的經(jīng)典戲曲電影，如《梁山伯與祝英臺》（1954）、《十五貫》（1956）、《孫悟空三打白骨精》（1960）、《五女拜壽》（ 1984）等，為浙江成為戲曲電影大省奠定了堅實的基礎。近年來，一直對戲曲電影有著深厚情感的浙江電影工作者堅持不懈地深耕于這塊沃土，編寫和拍攝了《情探》（2017）、《何文秀》（2019）、《典妻》（2019）、《唐琬與陸游》（2019）、《李慧娘》（2020）、《孫悟空大戰(zhàn)紅孩兒》（2021）等優(yōu)秀的戲曲電影，如幽蘭新葩散發(fā)著迷人的馨香。

十年來，浙江的動漫電影更是異軍突起。之前，中國的動畫電影曾被評論為“達到世界第一流水平，在藝術風格上形成了獨樹一幟的中國學派”，并開始向世界展示自己的實力。比如《昆塔·盒子總動員》（2013）、《大圣歸來》（2015）、《大世界》（2017）、《濟公之降龍降世》（2021）等佳作相繼問世，努力打造具有國際影響力的中國動畫形象，在中國動漫界大有領軍之勢。

勇立潮頭 薪火相傳

浙江電影院觀影現(xiàn)場。董旭明/攝Audiences are seen at a movie theater in Zhejiang. Photo by Dong Xuming.

十年來，浙江電影創(chuàng)作逐漸形成了自己的格局和風格，這既是浙江的特色，也是浙江的優(yōu)勢：一批更具包含度和工業(yè)化屬性的“新主流電影”引領創(chuàng)作潮流，打破了傳統(tǒng)意義上主旋律電影、商業(yè)電影和藝術電影三足鼎立的局面，體現(xiàn)了浙江電影堅守導向、立足人民的創(chuàng)作立場，同時也標志著電影產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展進入了正確的市場路徑和軌道；電影類型更為豐富，為電影工業(yè)題材類型以及電影審美注入創(chuàng)新的動力。近年來，浙江文藝電影已經(jīng)奮起直追，不但在海內(nèi)外各類電影節(jié)上頻頻獲獎，而且走上了海外拓展之路。具有“浙派風格”的影像特征呼之欲出，從《春江水暖》到《云霄之上》和《柳浪聞鶯》，體現(xiàn)出對于江南地域風情的展現(xiàn)以及對于“詩性電影”傳統(tǒng)的傳承。浙江電影人在實踐層面呼應了當下“中國電影學派”的崛起與發(fā)展。十年來，浙江電影產(chǎn)業(yè)勇立潮頭，業(yè)績輝煌，處于中國電影的前沿。

電影創(chuàng)作生產(chǎn)的繁榮大大促進了電影市場的繁榮。截至2021年，浙江有注冊影視公司近4000家，橫店、象山等影視基地從業(yè)人員數(shù)量節(jié)節(jié)上升，如橫店演員公會注冊登記的“橫漂”目前達到9.48萬人。2021年，浙江新增影院58家，新增銀幕360塊，浙江影院總數(shù)達到820家，銀幕總數(shù)達到5716塊，票房35.74億元，交出了一張漂亮的成績單。浙江是一塊電影產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)作和消費的厚土、沃土和熱土。

浙江電影創(chuàng)作生產(chǎn)的繁榮大大促進了電影教育的繁榮。浙江大學、中國美術學院、浙江傳媒學院等各大院校里，關于影視創(chuàng)作生產(chǎn)制作全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)的專業(yè)（包括史論研究、創(chuàng)作評論）基本齊全，一代電影新人在成長，他們是浙江電影可持續(xù)發(fā)展的未來力量。浙江電影事業(yè)將在一代又一代浙江人手中薪火相傳。

十年來，我們看到了浙江電影人的萬丈豪情，看到了浙江電影產(chǎn)業(yè)的勃勃生機，看到了浙江電影的美好未來。未來的浙江電影將奮力推動高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，為電影強國建設作出新的更大貢獻！

Zhejiang’s Films: A Decade of Success with a Brilliant Future

By Zhang Zifan

Zhejiang, with a long history and rich cultural heritage, has an indissoluble bond with China’sfilms. Many famousfilm artists have emerged from Zhejiang, leaving many works that have been shining in the annals of Chinese film history. Zhejiang’s film production industry originated in the 1950s and flourished in the 1980s.

“Building a nest to attract a phoenix”, “borrowing a boat to go to sea” and “independent innovation” are the three drivers that power the new round of development of Zhejiangfilm industry.“Building a nest” refers to the formulation and implementation of a series of preferential policies by the Zhejiangfilm administrators to promotefilm production, create a good and relaxed production environment, and attract film and television companies from all over China to settle in the province, and allow them to fully embrace the bright prospects in Zhejiang.

Since 2012, the industrial agglomeration development pattern of film and television bases has taken shape and is gradually expanding, represented by Hengdian World Studios and Xiangshan Global Studios. In 2020, Xiangshan Global Studios built thefirst LED studio in China, mainly serving sci-fimovies with high visual effect requirements. The virtual scenes it presents will replace the use of green screens to a certain extent. Meanwhile,Zhejiang established the Xixi Cultural and Creative Industrial Park to host famousfilm and television playwrights. Huace Film and Television, Great Wall Film and Television, Zhejiang Film and Television Group and Donghai Film Group have settled here.

“Borrowing a boat to go to sea” is another successful experience in the development offilm production. Zhejiangfilm and television production companies are investing in high-qualityfilm projects, fromto(2013) and(2014). During this process, Zhejiang is studying the successful films all over the world, learning and absorbing advanced skills. In addition, the emergence of international coproduction films such as(2012)marked a new stage of Zhejiangfilms.

Independent innovation is the ultimate goal of Zhejiangfilmmakers, who gradually learn in their exploration and practice.The Zhejiang government has launched a cultural project to fund and support key film and television projects, set up the Zhejiang Film Phoenix Award for localfilms in Zhejiang to cultivate leading film and television teams. In 2013, Donghai Film Group Co.,Ltd., known as the “Zhejiang Film DreamWorks”, was established,marking the formation of a new pattern of film production,distribution, projection and the full development of the whole industry chain of newfilm and television formats in Zhejiang as a sub-center of China’sfilm and television industry. At the same time,various film cultural activities were organized to create a strong atmosphere, so that the public can have access tofilm production.

When film resources continue to pour into Zhejiang from all over China, a new concept has emerged: “Zhejiang-produced films” as the industrial dividend brought by the favorable film production environment. Zhejiang has produced a series of highquality film products, which are very popular and profitable:(2013);(2014),(2015),,(2016),,,(2017),(2018),(2019);(2020),(2021),,,,! (2022) …

In the past decade, “Zhejiang-produced films” have been rich in themes and style. Their output and quality improved, and more and morefilms entered the top ten of the annual box office,won awards in the Golden Rooster Award, Hundred Flowers Award, Huabiao Award, the National “Five Ones” Project Award,and awards at many international film festivals. In addition to featurefilms, documentaryfilms have also developed by leaps and bounds. At the beginning of 2015, Zhejiang took a multi-pronged approach in terms of planning, orientation, cultivation of creative subjects, construction of broadcasting platforms, talent guarantee andfinancial support to boost Zhejiang-produced documentaries.Establishing Zhejiang Documentary Association, Zhejiang took the lead in building a platform for the documentary industry at the provincial level, establishing industry standards. In 2017, thefirst “West Lake International Documentary Festival” was opened at China Academy of Art. Held annually since then, this festival has prospered, and many documentaries have attracted moviegoers, such as(2015),(2016),(2017),a? (2018),(2019), and(2020).

Opera films in Zhejiang have also developed steadily.Zhejiang’s drama resources are plentiful, with famous masterpieces coming out one after another, and there is a solid foundation for their dissemination. Over the years, a large number of well-known and widely disseminated classic dramafilms have appeared, such as(1954),(1956),(1960),(1984), among others. In recent years, those working in the Zhejiang operafilm industry have been quietly cultivating this fertile soil, writing and making popularfilms such as(2017),(2019),(2019),(2019),(2020), and(2021).

Chinese animationfilms have been regarded as “the world’s first-class level, forming a unique Chinese artistic style”, and they began to show their strength to the world. For example,masterpieces such as(2013),:(2015),(2017),(2021) and others have been produced in Zhejiang, to international acclaim. Thus Zhejiang enjoys a leading position in the Chinese animation industry.

Zhejiang’s film creation has gradually formed its unique pattern and style, which is the advantage of Zhejiang. A batch of“new mainstream films” with more inclusive and industrialized attributes are leading the creative trend, breaking the traditional three-pronged situation of the main themefilms, commercialfilms and artfilms. It shows that the development of ourfilm industry has entered the correct market path, with more abundant types injecting innovative power into the genre and aesthetics of thefilm industry. In recent years, the province’s art and literaryfilms have been catching up, not only winning awards at variousfilm festivals,but also embarking on the road of overseas expansion. Films of“Zhejiang style” are ready to emerge.,anddisplay the regional customs of the(south of the Yangtze River) area and inherit the “poeticfilm” tradition.

《我是路人甲》是爾冬升執(zhí)導，由一群非科班群眾演員主演的電影。該片講述的是奮斗在橫店追尋影視夢的“橫漂”一族的故事。I Am Somebody, written and directed by Yee Tung-sing, tells the stories of rdworking extras at the Hengdian World Studios pursuing theirfilmmaking dreams.

As of 2021, there were nearly 4,000 registered film and television companies in Zhejiang, and the number of employees in film and television bases such as Hengdian and Xiangshan is increasing. The total number of theaters in Zhejiang has reached 820, with a total of 5,716 screens, and a box office of 3.574 billion yuan ($509.23 million). The prosperity of film creation and production in Zhejiang has greatly promoted the prosperity offilm education. In Zhejiang University, China Academy of Art,Communication University of Zhejiang, the majors in all aspects of thefilm and television creation and production industry chain(including art historical research,film criticism) are complete, and a new generation offilmmakers are growing.