迷人的赫哲漁鄉(xiāng)

韓加君

我這里所贊美的釣魚(yú)臺(tái)，是黑龍江省同江市街津口赫哲族漁鄉(xiāng)一處著名的旅游景點(diǎn)，也是當(dāng)?shù)氐臉?biāo)志和網(wǎng)紅打卡地。每每有中外賓朋抵達(dá)漁鄉(xiāng)，熱情好客的赫哲人都會(huì)帶著遠(yuǎn)方的來(lái)客登頂街津山，為他們介紹街津山的來(lái)龍去脈，只聽(tīng)得賓朋們心曠神怡，流連忘返……

在中國(guó)東北地區(qū)的黑龍江、松花江和烏蘇里江的下游沿岸，生活著一個(gè)古老的漁獵民族——赫哲族。赫哲族是人口較少的少數(shù)民族之一，主要聚居在黑龍江省的敖其、街津口、四排、八岔4個(gè)民族鄉(xiāng)，現(xiàn)有人口5000余人，同鄂倫春族、門(mén)巴族等一起被稱為中國(guó)的“六小”民族。

然而，小有小的特點(diǎn)，小有小的優(yōu)勢(shì)。赫哲族作家孫玉民的著作《遙遠(yuǎn)的烏蘇里》，讓赫哲族蜚聲國(guó)內(nèi)外；以漁鄉(xiāng)人文風(fēng)情為背景創(chuàng)作，由著名歌唱家郭頌演唱的《烏蘇里船歌》耳熟能詳，反映了赫哲族人民的幸福生活。至于赫哲族的文化，那更是璀璨多彩。獨(dú)具特色的魚(yú)皮服飾精致美麗；民間舞蹈薩滿舞神秘激昂；古老的伊瑪堪說(shuō)唱流傳廣泛，被列入《急需保護(hù)的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。

赫哲族人民在松花江、黑龍江和烏蘇里江的滋潤(rùn)下，生活幸福美滿，就像《烏蘇里船歌》唱的那樣——“赫哲人撒開(kāi)千張網(wǎng)，船兒滿江魚(yú)滿艙?！泵磕旯扔陼r(shí)節(jié)，黑龍江在經(jīng)歷了漫長(zhǎng)的冰封之后開(kāi)江“跑冰排”，冰排撞擊聲猶如捕魚(yú)的信號(hào)，街津口的赫哲人便駕著漁船、頂著春寒，下江捕魚(yú)，然后在夕陽(yáng)中唱著漁歌滿艙而歸，這樣的畫(huà)面仿若一幅美麗的捕魚(yú)圖。

生活在街津口的赫哲人，最喜愛(ài)的還是每年的白露時(shí)節(jié)，他們稱之為“趕漁期”。那時(shí)，從韃靼海峽逆水向?yàn)跆K里江和黑龍江上游游來(lái)產(chǎn)卵的大馬哈魚(yú)，讓赫哲族漁人喜不自禁，他們?cè)诮锶鲩_(kāi)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的漁網(wǎng)，捕撈著大自然的饋贈(zèng)，收獲著歡欣與幸福。

如今，街津口的赫哲人唱響了鄉(xiāng)村振興新“漁歌”。昔日沉寂邊遠(yuǎn)的漁鄉(xiāng)繁榮興旺，成為一片發(fā)展和旅游的熱土。當(dāng)?shù)厝艘劳袧O獵資源優(yōu)勢(shì)巧打旅游牌，開(kāi)發(fā)魚(yú)皮畫(huà)，制作魚(yú)皮衣、魚(yú)骨和樺樹(shù)皮畫(huà)，發(fā)展民族旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，這些民族特色濃郁的文化旅游產(chǎn)品和品牌，吸引著國(guó)內(nèi)外游客紛至沓來(lái)。游客沿著松花江、黑龍江，順著烏蘇里江，追尋著動(dòng)聽(tīng)的《烏蘇里船歌》，還有烤塔拉哈和剎生魚(yú)的香氣，以及伊瑪堪的嘹亮悠遠(yuǎn)，不知不覺(jué)間，便深深地沉醉在綠水青山間和濃烈的鄉(xiāng)情酒香中……

Charming Hezhe Fishing Township

Standing on Diaoyutai （a fishing terrace）， you could see the rolling waves of the Heilongjiang River underfoot， overlook the tranquil countryside of Russia to the north， hear the Hezhe （Hezhen） peoples pleasant fishing songs... The Diaoyutai praised here is not only a famous tourist attraction in Jiejinkou Hezhe Fishing Township， Tongjiang City， Heilongjiang Province， but also a local landmark and Internet-famous site.

There is an old fishing and hunting ethnic group—Hezhe ethnic group living along the banks of the lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River， the Songhua River and the Ussuri River in Northeast China. The Hezhe people mainly inhabit four ethnic townships of Heilongjiang： Aoqi， Jiejinkou， Sipai and Bacha. With a population of over 5，000， it is known as one of “Six Smallest Ethnic Groups” in China， together with Oroqen and Moinba.

The Hezhe culture is resplendent. Its distinctive fish skin clothes are exquisite and beautiful； the folk dance Shaman dance is mysterious and uplifting； old Yimakan storytelling has been widely circulated， and inscribed on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.

For the Hezhe people living in Jiejinkou， their favorite solar term is the White Dew. They call it the“Fishing Period”. In that period， the Hezhe fishermen are delighted to see salmons swimming from the Strait of Tartary （Tartar Strait） to the upper reaches of the Heilongjiang River and the Ussuri River against the current. They cast long fishing nets in the river to catch the gifts of nature， as well as joy and happiness.

Now， the past quiet and remote fishing township has become prosperous， and developed into a favored land for development and tourism. Relying on the advantage of fishing and hunting resources， the natives have cleverly facilitated tourism， developed fish skin paintings， made fish skin clothes， fishbone and birch bark paintings， and utilized ethnic tourism to stimulate economic development.