在高考英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫作中如何合理增加細(xì)節(jié)

蒙杏菊

在高考英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫作中，若只是簡(jiǎn)單地翻譯題目中所給的寫作內(nèi)容，很容易出現(xiàn)內(nèi)容不充實(shí)、詞數(shù)不達(dá)標(biāo)、語(yǔ)言欠豐富等諸多問題。因此，適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使各個(gè)要點(diǎn)連貫起來，可以讓寫作內(nèi)容更充實(shí)，行文更流暢。我們可以嘗試使用以下幾個(gè)方法來增加細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。

一、補(bǔ)充交際性語(yǔ)言

在應(yīng)用文寫作，尤其是書信寫作中，適當(dāng)?shù)卦黾右恍┙浑H性用語(yǔ)，可以使語(yǔ)言更加得體。根據(jù)不同類型的信件，我們可以在開頭和結(jié)尾使用不同的交際語(yǔ)。若收信人是比較熟悉的親戚、朋友或關(guān)系比較親近的人，可以在信的開頭加入諸如“How are you doing？”“How is everything going？”之類的問候語(yǔ);若收信人是陌生人或不是很熟悉的人，可以在信的開頭加入自我介紹，以便讓收信人對(duì)“我”的身份有初步了解，如“Im Li Hua， a Chinese student studying in London during the summer holiday.”在信的結(jié)尾，也可以根據(jù)不同的信件使用不同的交際用語(yǔ)，如：

（邀請(qǐng)信）I would appreciate it if you could accept my invitation.

（求助信）I would appreciate it if you could help me out.

（咨詢信）Look forward to your early reply.

（求職信）I sincerely hope that you can take my application into consideration.

（感謝信）Thank you very much for your help and support again.

（道歉信）Please forgive me and accept my sincere apology.

二、增加相關(guān)的成分

指增加與寫作要點(diǎn)相關(guān)的原因、結(jié)果、條件、方式、目的等成分，既可以用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以用起補(bǔ)充說明作用的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句來表達(dá)。

1. 增加原因狀語(yǔ)

表示原因或理由，可以用thanks to， because of， as a result of， owing to， due to等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)，或for the reason that， because， as， since， for等引導(dǎo)的從句。如：

（2021年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷） 向英文報(bào)投稿

基本要點(diǎn)：What impresses me most is the culture column.

增加細(xì)節(jié)：What impresses me most is the culture column， for the reason that in this column I can read humorous stories， travel stories， historical stories and something else about the foreign countries.

說明：增加陳述喜歡這一欄目的理由，使寫作內(nèi)容更豐富。值得一提的是，這里也可以用起補(bǔ)充說明作用的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句來說明原因：What impresses me most is the culture column， where I can read humorous stories， travel stories， historical stories and something else about the foreign countries.

2. 增加結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

常用so... that，such...that等引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

（2020年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）身邊值得尊敬和愛戴的人

基本要點(diǎn)： My mother is a persistent person.

增加細(xì)節(jié)：My mother is such a persistent person that her spirit motivates me to overcome the difficulties and keep working hard.

說明：在陳述值得尊敬和愛戴的理由時(shí)，除了描寫“我”媽媽的個(gè)人品質(zhì)persistent外，通過運(yùn)用結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，增加?jì)寢尩膫€(gè)人品質(zhì)對(duì)“我”的影響這一細(xì)節(jié)，使陳述的理由更加充分。

3. 增加目的狀語(yǔ)

目的狀語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用so that， in order that， for fear that， in case等引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以通過使用in order to， so as to， aim to， aim at等詞引出的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)表目的。如：

（2019年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷）告知隊(duì)友近期將參加比賽的信息

基本要點(diǎn)：We need to do something to prepare for the match.

增加細(xì)節(jié)：In order to improve our skills and cooperate with each other well， we need to do something to prepare for the match.

說明：增加陳述為比賽做準(zhǔn)備的目的，更加突出了“為比賽做準(zhǔn)備”的必要性。

4. 增加方式狀語(yǔ)

方式可以由by doing sth來表達(dá)。如：

（2020年天津卷）利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)

基本要點(diǎn)：I practice English everyday.

增加細(xì)節(jié)：I practice English everyday by reading English books or international news and watching foreign film on the Internet.

說明：增加具體通過什么方式方法訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)，使論點(diǎn)更有說服力，使抽象的要點(diǎn)更加具體化。

三、增加細(xì)節(jié)描述

增加細(xì)節(jié)描述，抒發(fā)個(gè)人情感，對(duì)人物和事件作出評(píng)價(jià)等。

（2019年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷）申請(qǐng)做志愿者

基本要點(diǎn)：A Chinese painting exhibition will be held in a local art gallery.

增加細(xì)節(jié)：Im more than thrilled to be informed that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held in a local art gallery.

說明：在知道要舉辦中國(guó)畫展后，增加描述“我”的個(gè)人情感，凸顯了“我”渴望申請(qǐng)做畫展志愿者的強(qiáng)烈意愿。

四、增加事例說明

通過列舉具體事例，變抽象為具體，讓讀者更易理解。列舉事例時(shí)常用such as， like， for example， for instance等。如：

（2021年全國(guó)甲卷）向外國(guó)朋友征求意見

基本要點(diǎn)：China has a unique traditional culture.

增加細(xì)節(jié)：China has a unique traditional culture， such as tea culture， paper cutting， Peking Opera， Chinese calligraphy， Chinese knot， Chinese cheongsam and so on.

說明：通過舉例子，羅列出一系列中國(guó)獨(dú)有的傳統(tǒng)文化，讓陳述更加具體化。

[牛刀小試]

一、完成句子 根據(jù)括號(hào)中的提示增加適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容，完成英文句子。

1. ________________________________________， a fire drill is going to be held on Friday in our school.（增加活動(dòng)的目的）

2. The fire drill is of great significance__________________

_______________________.（增加原因）

3. There will be a variety of wonderful performances during the Music Festival _____________________________.（舉例子）

4.___________________， I got on the bus heading to the competition hall. （增加個(gè)人情感）

5. Arbor Day falls on March 12________________________

___________.（增加事件評(píng)價(jià)）

6. We can save the resources by ______________________

___________.（增加方式方法）

7. It is a good idea to do regular exercise so that _________

__________________.（增加結(jié)果）

二、完成短文 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下寫作內(nèi)容，合理增加細(xì)節(jié)，拓展寫作要點(diǎn)，完成英語(yǔ)短文。

假定你是李華，上周日你校請(qǐng)專業(yè)人員為同學(xué)們講解溺水急救知識(shí)并進(jìn)行技能演示。請(qǐng)你為校英文報(bào)寫一篇報(bào)道，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 簡(jiǎn)要介紹該活動(dòng);

2. 實(shí)施急救的過程;

3. 你的感想。

基本要點(diǎn)：

____________， last Sunday our school invited a specialist to give presentation about giving first aid to the drowning people.

First of all， the specialist told us the importance of giving first aid. Then， he showed us what we should do____________. The most important is to keep calm，____________. Dialing 120 for professional assistance is vitally necessary，____________. And then rescuers need to check the victims situation____________. ____________， rescuers should perform mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing____________.

This activity was of great help，____________.

參考答案或范文

一、完成句子

1. Aimed at placing more emphasis on school safety/ In order to arouse our awareness of fire safety

2. because/ for the reason that it helps to promote our skills of dealing with emergency matters and have a better understanding of how to protect ourselves during the fire accident

3. including some traditional dances and classical songs/ ranging from folk dances to modern songs

4. Nervous and excited/ Filled with tension

5. which is an important event in China spreading the ideas that we are supposed to plant more trees to protect the environment

6. limiting the use of the resources and making good use of the recyclable garbage

7. you can strengthen your immune system and keep away from being infected

二、完成短文

In order to place more emphasis on instructing students how to deal with the emergencies， last Sunday our school invited a specialist to give presentation about giving first aid to the drowning people.

First of all， the specialist told us the importance of giving first aid. Then， he showed us what we should do in case of emergencies. The most important is to keep calm， which helps us deal with the emergencies better. Dialing 120 for professional assistance is vitally necessary， making sure that the victim could gain professional care. And then rescuers need to check the victims situation the moment he or she is helped out of water. If the victim is unconscious， rescuers should perform mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing before professional assistance arrives.

This activity was of great help， through which we have mastered some basic first-aid skills so that we can better prepare ourselves for an emergency.

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青