深圳東部海堤重建工程（三期），深圳，中國

KCAP 建筑與規(guī)劃事務(wù)所，F(xiàn)ELIXX景觀建筑與規(guī)劃事務(wù)所

客戶：深圳市水務(wù)局 · 深圳市水務(wù)工程建設(shè)管理中心

設(shè)計團隊：

總體規(guī)劃+景觀設(shè)計：KCAP Architects & Planners | Ruurd Gietema,Ya-Hsin Chen,Danli Sheng,Jiabiao Lin,Gaia Dal Cero,Gabriella Georgakaki,Emmanouil Prinianakis,Kallirroi Taroudaki,Pieter Theuws;FELIXX Landscape Architects & Planners | Michiel Van Driessche,Maria E.Castrillo,Eduardo Marin Salinas,Fangfei Liu,Ilva Mishtaku,Ramona Stiehl,Natalia Andreeva,Klaudio Ruci,Zamira Abazi,Naya Tzika-Kostopoulou,Shuangyun Chen,Nancy Smolka

設(shè)計總包：中交水運規(guī)劃設(shè)計院有限公司 | FANG Aidong,ZHU Jiankang,LI Yongye,ZHANG Mingming,LI Jiangwen,GUO Lei；深圳翰博設(shè)計股份有限公司 | QIN Cao,GAN Haitao,HUANG Junyong,WAN Hao,CHEN Youyou,YANG Yong,XIAO Yuling,GAN Haitao,HUANG Junyong,WAN Hao,CHEN Youyou,YANG Yong,XIAO Yuling,LIU Xiaoming,SUN Feilong,WANG Hewen,XIAO Fengpin,LI Peng,MO Bingguang,GUO Zi,CAI Shengjie,LIN Hua

Structural Design:CCCC Water Transportation Consultants Co.,Ltd.Construction Drawing:Shenzhen Hope Design Co.,Ltd.

Consultant:Deltares (NbS Consulting) General Contractor:China Resources Land Urban Operation Management (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd.

Structural System:Gravity retaining wall structure:The structure is based on shore and beach morphology,wind and wave conditions,material composition,and sediment movement.The foundation depth of the sea wall,the reinforcement method of the footing and the form of the superstructure are set to ensure the safety and stability of the sea wall.

Material:Nature stone,reinforced concrete,fair-faced concrete,colored concrete,exposed aggregate concrete,granite,stainless steel,etc.

Site Area:Masterplan for coast

protection and restoration:130 km;

detailed elaboration of coastline:18 km;including Yangmeikeng Demonstration Zone:520 m

Design Period:2019– present

Construction Period:2019– present Completion Time of Yangmeikeng

Demonstration Zone:2020.05

Completion of the Whole Project:2023 expected

Drawings:KCAP+FELIXX

Photos:DUO Architectural Photography |ZHUO Hongduo;China Resources Group | ZHANG Xingzhong+CCCC First Harbour | CUI Hao

Client:Water resource bureau of Shenzhen Municipality

Design Lead:KCAP Architects & Planners |Ruurd Gietema,Ya-Hsin Chen,Danli Sheng,Jiabiao Lin,Gaia Dal Cero,Gabriella Georgakaki,Emmanouil Prinianakis,Kallirroi Taroudaki,Pieter Theuws;FELIXX Landscape Architects & Planners | Michiel Van Driessche,Maria E.Castrillo,Eduardo Marin Salinas,Fangfei Liu,Ilva Mishtaku,Ramona Stiehl,Natalia Andreeva,Klaudio Ruci,Zamira Abazi,Naya Tzika-Kostopoulou,Shuangyun Chen,Nancy Smolka

Design Contractor:CCCC Water Transportation Consultants Co.,Ltd.| FANG Aidong,ZHU Jiankang,LI Yongye,ZHANG Mingming,LI Jiangwen,GUO Lei;Shenzhen Hope Design Co.,Ltd.| QIN Cao,LIU Xiaoming,SUN Feilong,WANG Hewen,XIAO Fengpin,LI Peng,MO Bingguang,GUO Zi,CAI Shengjie,LIN Hua

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計：中交水運規(guī)劃設(shè)計院有限公司

施工圖設(shè)計：深圳翰博設(shè)計股份有限公司

顧問咨詢：三角洲實驗室（基于自然的解決方案）

總承建：華潤置地城市運營管理（深圳）有限公司

結(jié)構(gòu)體系：重力式海墻結(jié)構(gòu)：基于岸灘形態(tài)、風浪條件、物質(zhì)組成、泥沙運動，設(shè)置海墻的基礎(chǔ)深度、堤腳的加固方式和上部面層結(jié)構(gòu)形式，保證海墻安全穩(wěn)定

材料：自然礁石、鋼筋混凝土、清水混凝土、彩色混凝土、露骨料混凝土、花崗巖、不銹鋼等

場地面積：130km海岸線修復和保護

規(guī)劃設(shè)計；18km海岸線詳細設(shè)計：包括520m的楊梅坑示范段

設(shè)計時間：2019至今

施工時間：2019至今

楊梅坑示范段竣工時間：2020.05

整體完成時間：2023

繪圖：KCAP+FELIXX

攝影：DUO Architectural Photography |

ZHUO Hongduo；華潤置地 | ZHANG Xingzhong+中交水運規(guī)劃設(shè)計院 | CUI Hao

恢復海岸線的總體規(guī)劃，提高對極端天氣的保護標準

東堤位于大鵬新區(qū)，該新區(qū)是一個多山的半島，緊鄰香港和深圳，植被非常茂盛。2018年，臺風“孟古特”對大鵬半島的海岸線造成了不同程度的破壞。2019 年，KCAP+FELIXX團隊中選，負責制定恢復海岸線和提高保護標準的規(guī)劃。該團隊制定了“三重海岸防線戰(zhàn)略”，這是一個對130km 長的海岸線進行氣候適應(yīng)性重組的綜合設(shè)計，將水上安全戰(zhàn)略與生態(tài)海岸線恢復、海堤建設(shè)、景觀和公共空間改造相結(jié)合。它重新塑造了大鵬的旅游身份，并促進了當?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟發(fā)展。在生態(tài)和安全的前提下，它將當?shù)匚幕c地理環(huán)境相結(jié)合，展現(xiàn)了海岸線的美麗和多樣性。

三重海岸防線沒有采用沿海地區(qū)通常由當?shù)鼐用褡约航ㄔ斓某Ｒ姳Ｗo墻，而是創(chuàng)建了3個開發(fā)區(qū)域，將它們精心嵌入項目地形，并回應(yīng)每個區(qū)域的特定未來需求。該項目建立了一個“200 年回歸期標準堤壩”，以保證對當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的生活和經(jīng)濟的安全保護。第一重“外堤”壩區(qū)通過波浪衰減、減少侵蝕和加強沉淀來增加抗災能力。第二重“中堤”是加高的堤壩，以阻擋風暴潮和被海浪推高的水。我們并沒有簡單地把第二重提防視為一堵單一的防洪墻，而是將它設(shè)計成一個多功能區(qū)：一個令人興奮的丘陵公園、一個帶有城市長廊的高架海濱、一個潮汐公園，甚至一座公共建筑。第三重“內(nèi)堤”是一個混合結(jié)構(gòu)，按照海綿城市的方式管理雨水。這層提防實現(xiàn)了將鄰近村莊和山區(qū)的所有徑流緩沖、延遲并臨時存放在雨林公園、雨林、森林、濕地和綠道中。在結(jié)構(gòu)強度方面，設(shè)計遵循了當?shù)氐牡刭|(zhì)和土壤條件。一個雙重排水系統(tǒng)負責處理極端天氣條件下過多的山地徑流和海浪，從而降低了堤壩的高度以獲得更好的空間質(zhì)量。天然巖石（重新）用以加固堤壩。許多當?shù)氐馁Y源（如巖石和土壤）得以循環(huán)使用并替換回現(xiàn)場，加強海岸線應(yīng)對侵蝕和未來的氣候挑戰(zhàn)的能力。海岸線附近現(xiàn)有的珊瑚礁和紅樹林將得到保護，以提高生態(tài)價值，并作為長期增長的保護線，成為抵御海浪的第一道防線，減少臺風的影響。這種“低影響設(shè)計與開發(fā)”原則可以維持并確保項目前后場地的水文特征一致。

Masterplan to Restore Coastline and Raise Protection Standards Against Extreme Weather

East Dike is located in Dapeng,a mountainous peninsula in the direct proximity of Hong Kong and Shenzhen with an extraordinary lush and green environment.In 2018,the typhoon Mangkhut damaged the coastline of the Dapeng peninsula to various degrees.In 2019,team KCAP+FELIXX was selected to develop plans to restore the coastline and increase protection standards.The team developed the "Triple Dike Strategy",an integrated approach towards the climate adaptive reorganisation of the 130 km long shore.The project integrates water safety strategies with ecological shoreline restoration,seawall construction,landscape,and public space remodelling.It recreates the tourism identity of Dapeng and promotes local economic development.On the premise of ecology and safety,it combines local culture with the geographical environment and shows the coastline's beauty and diversity.

1 楊梅坑示范區(qū)Yangmeikeng Demonstration Zone

2-4 楊梅坑海洋大道Yangmeikeng Sea boulevard

5 楊梅坑在現(xiàn)有范圍內(nèi)的開發(fā)項目Yangmeikeng developments within footprint of existing structure

6 空中看楊梅坑示范區(qū)Yangmeikeng Demonstration Zone from the air

2020 年，楊梅坑500m 長的海上大道示范區(qū)已經(jīng)完工。最近，兩個臺風“獅子山”和“康帕斯”（本季第17 個和第18 個）在中國南方島嶼登陸時，這一以自然條件為基礎(chǔ)的三重海岸防線的表現(xiàn)得到了檢驗。多層面的防洪系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)能夠保護海灘和居民社區(qū)。該示范區(qū)是18km 長的堤壩建設(shè)的第一個里程碑，預計將在2023 年完工。該示范區(qū)以楊梅坑本身為基礎(chǔ)，具有山與海之間的堡壘的特征。它提高了公共場所和服務(wù)的質(zhì)量，提升了村莊的檔次，使其符合旅游發(fā)展和居民的需求。自2020 年5 月完工以來，它已經(jīng)為整個楊梅坑帶來了比原來多30%左右的游客，為當?shù)仄髽I(yè)帶來了20%的利潤增長。東堤三堤策略保護了社區(qū)，是該村復興的重要推動力，確保其在氣候變化時期的復原力。

東堤與當?shù)氐? 個區(qū)——奎沖、大鵬、南澳，兩個流域和9 個沿海旅游區(qū)進行協(xié)調(diào)，刺激了該村和整個地區(qū)的資源整合。它還與深圳正在進行的其他項目相互結(jié)合?！酰ㄥX芳 譯）

評審評語

該重建項目的建筑師沒有采用為130km長的海岸線修筑保護墻的傳統(tǒng)方法，而是將海岸保護計劃轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷０兜闹亟M，同時為社會提供重要的附加價值。項目在海陸之間設(shè)置了3 個堤壩區(qū)，中間的多功能區(qū)則包括公園、長廊和公共建筑。該項目為氣候問題——這一當今最緊迫的問題之一——提供了一個與眾不同的答案：對極端天氣和洪水進行控制，并將工程項目與極具價值的建筑空間和公共設(shè)施相結(jié)合。

The "Triple Dike Strategy" moves away from a generic protection wall along the coast,often built by the local population itself,towards the creation of three development zones,carefully embedded in current conditions and responding to the specific future needs of every single area.The project builds a "200-year return period standard dike" to ensure safety protection to protect the livelihood and economy of the local community.The first "outer" dike zone increases the resilience through wave attenuation,erosion reduction and the enhancement of sedimentation.The second "middle" dike is an elevated embankment,to stop the storm surge and the water pushed up by the waves.It is conceived not as a big wall but as a multifunctional zone:an exciting hilly park,an elevated waterfront with urban promenades,a tidal park or even a public building.The third "inner" dike is a hybrid structure which manages the rainwater following the principle of a sponge city.All runoff from adjacent villages and mountains is buffered,delayed and temporarily stored in rain-parks,raingardens,wet forests,wetlands and green streets.For the structural strength,the design follows the local geological and soil conditions.A double drainage system handles excessive mountain runoff and waves under extreme weather events.That allows reducing the dike height for better spatial quality.The natural rocks are (re)used to reinforce the embankment.Many local resources (like rocks and soil) were (re)cycled and replaced back onsite,to strengthen the shoreline against erosion and future climate challenges.Existing Coral reefs and mangroves near the shoreline will be maintained to increase the ecological value and function as a growing protection line in the long term,a first defence against the waves reducing the effect of typhoons.This "Low Impact Design & Development" principle maintains and ensures the same hydrological characteristics of the site before and after the project.

In 2020 the 500 m long sea boulevard,the demonstration zone,in the village of Yangmeikeng has already been completed.The performance of the proposed nature-based strategies for the "Triple Dike Strategy" here have already been tested when recently two typhoons Lionrock and Kompasu (the 17th and 18th of this season) made landfall in the South of China islands.The multifaceted flood protection system was already able to protect the beaches and residential communities.The demonstration zone is the first milestone in the construction of 18 km of embankment that is expected to be finished by 2023.The demonstration zone is based on the village Yangmeikeng itself with its characteristic identity of a fortress between mountains and sea.It improves the quality of public places and services,upgrading the village to match tourism development and residents' needs.Since its realization in May 2020,it has already brought the whole Yangmeikeng village around 30% more visitors and a 20% profit increase for local businesses.The East Dike Triple Dike Strategy protects the community and is a valuable driver for the village's regeneration,ensuring its resilience in times of climate change.

East Dike coordinates with three local districts:Kuichong,Dapeng,Nanao;two river basins,and nine coastal tourism zone,stimulating the integration of resources in the village and the whole region.It also combines with the other projects ongoing in Shenzhen.□

7 大鵬半島總體規(guī)劃Masterplan of Dapeng Peninsula

8 楊梅坑總體規(guī)劃Masterplan of Yangmeikeng

9 三重海岸防線Triple Dike Strategy

10 楊梅坑道路剖面Section of Yangmeikeng Road

11 楊梅坑城鎮(zhèn)剖面Section of Yangmeikeng Town

Jury Statement

Instead of furnishing the 130 km long coastline with a traditional protection wall,the architects turned the protection program into a reorganisation of the shore with significant additional value for the public.Three dike zones between water and land have been developed,the middle multifunctional zone making space for parks,promenades and public buildings.The project gives a differentiated answer to one of the most pressing problems today:severe weather phenomena and flood control and combines civil engineering with valuable architectural space and public amenity.