ZAC巴斯蒂德-尼爾，波爾多，法國(guó)

MVRDV建筑規(guī)劃事務(wù)所

客戶：SAS Bastide Niel

建筑與城市規(guī)劃：MVRDV

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：A+R paysagistes,Territoires

工程設(shè)計(jì)：Artelia

交通工程：Arcadis,Verdi

可持續(xù)：Ader& co,Oasiis

幾何設(shè)計(jì)：Geosat

當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ煟篊UBE

場(chǎng)地面積：35hm2

繪圖：MVRDV

Client:SAS Bastide Niel

Architect & Urban Planner:MVRDV

Landscape Architects:A+R paysagistes,Territoires

Engineering:Artelia

Traffic Engineers:Arcadis,Verdi

Sustainability:Ader& co,Oasiis

Geometrician:Geosat

Local Architect:CUBE

Site Area:35 hm2

Drawings:MVRDV

MVRDV 的總體規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)是改造波爾多市中心 35hm2的前軍營(yíng)和鐵路站場(chǎng)，這是為歐洲城市化做出貢獻(xiàn)的前所未有的機(jī)會(huì)。該設(shè)計(jì)回答了一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題：如何創(chuàng)建一個(gè)具有歐洲城市傳統(tǒng)并充滿活力的街區(qū)，但同時(shí)又對(duì)其進(jìn)行了更新：歷史、功能混合與親密、光、綠色和密集。

該場(chǎng)地靠近加龍河，步行即可到達(dá)被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)的波爾多歷史中心，這里曾被倉(cāng)庫(kù)、鐵路路堤和備用軍營(yíng)占據(jù)。通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有建筑的謹(jǐn)慎保留和更新，以及受控的新開(kāi)發(fā)，一個(gè)融合了多種功能的片區(qū)將得以創(chuàng)建，其中包括住房以及各種公共和文化設(shè)施。

總體規(guī)劃遵循鐵軌和軍營(yíng)的布局。它保留并強(qiáng)化了所有歷史建筑、鐵路和站臺(tái)，詮釋了場(chǎng)地的歷史，并使其成為該地區(qū)改造的起點(diǎn)。利用這些人工構(gòu)筑物構(gòu)建的布局，該規(guī)劃建立了一個(gè)寬6～10m 的狹窄街道關(guān)系網(wǎng)。使用“共享空間”方法設(shè)計(jì)，以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)安全的交通系統(tǒng)，讓行5 人、非機(jī)動(dòng)車和公共交通工具享有與汽車平等的權(quán)利。大多數(shù)街道都是單行道，由河邊或?qū)γ娴拇蠼肢@得服務(wù)。這個(gè)包括了道路、胡同和小巷的關(guān)系網(wǎng)形成了一個(gè)總體規(guī)劃中有 144 個(gè)地塊的親密城市——營(yíng)造出與歷史悠久的市中心相媲美的氛圍。

總體規(guī)劃的公共空間中盡可能多地容納綠色植物，包括種類繁多的植物物種及在炎熱天氣保持環(huán)境涼爽的水景。街道和公共廣場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)為多孔的，以吸收雨水和洪水——這是重要的考慮因素，因?yàn)轫?xiàng)目位于加龍河泛濫的平原。

同樣，巴斯蒂德–尼爾的建筑設(shè)計(jì)必須考慮到它們對(duì)環(huán)境的影響?？傮w規(guī)劃設(shè)定，鄰里建筑宜采用淺色，反射陽(yáng)光、減少城市熱島效應(yīng)；將太陽(yáng)能電池板、綠色植物與屋頂和涼廊整合；盡可能使用木結(jié)構(gòu)，最大限度地減少建筑的碳排放。144 個(gè)地塊將容納富于多樣性的建筑實(shí)踐，融合了當(dāng)?shù)?、?guó)家和國(guó)際設(shè)計(jì)師的作品。MVRDV 與每個(gè)項(xiàng)目的建筑師進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)，以確保在總體規(guī)劃各方面達(dá)成共識(shí)。

MVRDV's masterplan proposal to transform 35hm2of former barracks and railyards in the centre of Bordeaux is an unprecedented opportunity to contribute to European urbanism.The design answers the question of how to create a vibrant neighbourhood that is in the tradition of the European city,but at the same time an update of it:historic,mixed and intimate,light,green,and dense.

The site,near the Garonne River,lies within walking distance of the UNESCO-listed historic centre of Bordeaux and was previously occupied by warehouses,rail embankments,and redundant barracks.Through careful retention and renovation of the existing buildings,along with controlled new development,a district will be created that integrates a wide variety of functions including housing along with a variety of public and cultural facilities.

The masterplan follows the layout established by the rail tracks and the barracks.It maintains and densifies all historic structures,railways,and platforms,interpreting the site's history and making it a starting point for the area's transformation.Using the layout established by these artefacts,the plan establishes a network of narrow streets between 6 and 10 metres wide.These are designed using a "shared space" approach to create a safe traffic system with pedestrians,cyclists,and public transport on an equal footing to cars.Most streets are oneway,serviced from the riverside or from the opposite avenue.This road,alley and lane network results in an intimate city,with 144 city blocks in the masterplan– resulting in an atmosphere comparable to a historic city centre.

3 建筑形態(tài)Geometry of buildings

4 表面被打上不同大小的圓孔，以便種植植被。這些圓圈相交，在中間形成小樹(shù)林坑，提供了與網(wǎng)格形成對(duì)比的流動(dòng)性，并賦予場(chǎng)地特殊的特征The surface is perforated in circles of different sizes in order to plant the vegetation.The circles intersect to create grove pits in between.These provide fluidity in contrast to the grid and give a particular character to the site

5 樹(shù)木（手動(dòng)）和灌木（自動(dòng)）的灌溉 系統(tǒng)Water irrigation systems trees (manual) and shrubs (automised)

巴斯蒂德–尼爾的標(biāo)志性外觀也源于環(huán)境因素。平面圖中建筑物的形狀是通過(guò)嚴(yán)格適用于日光和直射陽(yáng)光的規(guī)則確定的，允許每個(gè)建筑物在一樓接收日光，并至少有2 小時(shí)的日照時(shí)間。這些“陽(yáng)光切割”與 15m 深的建筑物相結(jié)合，可實(shí)現(xiàn)自然通風(fēng)，形成傾斜的屋頂，喚起人們對(duì)傳統(tǒng)歐洲城市景觀的當(dāng)代重新想象。

隨著 MVRDV 總體規(guī)劃的實(shí)現(xiàn)，巴斯蒂德–尼爾將成為市中心生動(dòng)的延伸，擁有 3400 套住宅的混合項(xiàng)目；27,500m2零售；25,000m2辦公室；13,500m2小型場(chǎng)所，用于診所、車間和工作室等用途；以及大學(xué)樓、市政檔案館、文化樓、社區(qū)中心、學(xué)校、日托中心、體育設(shè)施等公共設(shè)施54,000m2?！酰ê巫磕?譯）

評(píng)審評(píng)語(yǔ)

這是一個(gè)由形態(tài)各異的房子組成的社區(qū)，獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格使它具有童話世界般的吸引力。看似自由的設(shè)計(jì)其實(shí)充滿了理性的思考。包括充分尊重場(chǎng)地原有的歷史格局，既有建筑的有效更新，并在尊重歷史的基礎(chǔ)上增加新的居住和文化設(shè)施。建筑屋頂因日照計(jì)算而被切割成適宜的坡度，太陽(yáng)能電池板、綠色植物以及木料的應(yīng)用，使得這個(gè)社區(qū)具有典型的低碳可持續(xù)特征。公共交通和景觀的塑造也讓綠色出行更加便捷，公共空間充分考慮了雨水的利用，植物栽植體現(xiàn)了規(guī)則秩序下的變化，從而為社區(qū)帶來(lái)持續(xù)的活力。綜合各種因素之后的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)，使這個(gè)區(qū)域成為引領(lǐng)城市更新的典范。

The public spaces of the masterplan incorporate as much greenery as possible,with a huge variety of plant species,as well as water features to keep the surroundings cool in hot weather.Streets and public squares are designed to be porous,allowing them to absorb rainwater and floods– an important consideration due to the masterplan's location in the Garonne river floodplain.

Similarly,buildings in Bastide Niel must be designed with their impact upon the environment in mind.The masterplan stipulates that buildings in the neighbourhood should be light colours,reflecting sunlight and reducing the urban heat island effect;they should integrate solar panels and greenery into their roofs and loggias;and they should use wood construction whenever possible,minimising the carbon emissions of construction.The 144 plots will host buildings from a diversity of architectural practices,mixing the work of local,national,and international designers.MVRDV coordinates with the architects of each project to ensure the cohesive realisation of all aspects of the masterplan.

Bastide Niel's signature appearance is also derived from environmental factors.The shapes of buildings in the plan are determined through strictly applied rules for both daylight and direct sunlight,allowing each building to receive daylight at ground level and a minimum of 2 hours of sun.These "sun cuts",combined with the 15-metre depth of the buildings that enables natural ventilation,result in sloped roofs that evoke a contemporary reimagining of the traditional European cityscape.

W ith the realisation of MVR DV's masterplan,Bastide Niel will become a lively extension to the city centre with a mixed programme of 3400 homes;27,500m2of retail;25,000m2of offices;13,500m2of small premises for such uses as clinics,workshops,and studios;and 54,000m2of public facilities such as a university building,the municipal archives,a cultural building,a community centre,schools,day care centres,and sport facilities.□

Jury Statement

It is a community which is combined the plots of various shapes and sizes,with a unique style that gives it fairytale-like appeal.The seemingly free-flowing design is in fact full of rational thought.It includes full respect for the original historical pattern of the site,the effective renewal of existing buildings and the addition of new residential and cultural facilities in respect of the past.The roofs of the buildings have an appropriate slope for daylight,and the use of solar panels,greenery and wood make the community typically low-carbon sustainable.Public transport and landscape are shaped to make green travel easier,public spaces take full account of rainwater use,and planting reflects change within a regular order,thus bringing continuous vitality to the community.The innovative design of this area,which combines all these factors,makes it a leading model for urban regeneration.(Translated by YE Yang)

6 公共空間容納盡量多的綠色植物The public spaces incorporate as much greenery as possible

7 總體規(guī)劃中在推進(jìn)的建筑設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目：La Valle Verte建筑設(shè)計(jì)：MVRDVOngoing projects in the masterplan:La Valle Verte.Architect:MVRDV

8 街道剖面與平面：不同高度的物種和多孔的表面Street section and plan;species of different heights and porous surfaces