薩拉文化中心，謝萊夫特奧，瑞典

白色建筑事務所

客戶：謝萊夫特奧市政廳

主持建筑師：Oskar Norelius,Robert Schmitz

設(shè)計團隊：Maria Orvesten,Patrik Buchinger,Amanda Ersson,Gustav S?derlund R?stberg,Jens Hansson,Magdalena St?l,Maria Laakso,Mats Selin,Milla Nystr?m,Nils Arvid Wiking,Agne Revellé,Martina Sovré,Gunnar Hidemark,Katarina Eurenius,Erik Falkenstr?m,Solveig Sennerholm,Jesper K?llgren,Christoffer Sundberg,Pernilla Svedberg,Viktor Sj?berg,Sarah Dahman,Axel Bodros Wolgers,Anders Johansson,Bj?rn Vestlund,Anton Magnusson,Charles G?rdeman,Marte Noedtvedt Skaeggestad Sam Keshawarz,Karl Tyrv?inen,Andreas Ivarsson,Ulrika Wallin,Bj?rn Norén,Marianne Rutberg,Pontus Stigeborn

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師：DIFK AS,TK Botania,WSP AB

Client:Skellefte? Municipality

Principal Architects:Oskar Norelius,Robert Schmitz

Design Team:Maria Orvesten,Patrik Buchinger,Amanda Ersson,Gustav S?derlund R?stberg,Jens Hansson,Magdalena St?l,Maria Laakso,Mats Selin,Milla Nystr?m,Nils Arvid Wiking,Agne Revellé,Martina Sovré,Gunnar Hidemark,Katarina Eurenius,Erik Falkenstr?m,Solveig Sennerholm,Jesper K?llgren,Christoffer Sundberg,Pernilla Svedberg,Viktor Sj?berg,Sarah Dahman,Axel Bodros Wolgers,Anders Johansson,Bj?rn Vestlund,Anton Magnusson,Charles G?rdeman,Marte Noedtvedt Skaeggestad Sam Keshawarz,Karl Tyrv?inen,Andreas Ivarsson,Ulrika Wallin,Bj?rn Norén,Marianne Rutberg,Pontus Stigeborn

謝萊夫特奧市位于瑞典北部的北極圈內(nèi)，有著悠久的木制建筑傳統(tǒng)。這一傳統(tǒng)構(gòu)成了薩拉文化中心在項目國際競爭中脫穎而出的主要設(shè)計靈感，其口號是肩并肩。新的文化中心由市政府發(fā)起，被視作使謝萊夫特奧成為一個更有吸引力的地區(qū)的關(guān)鍵驅(qū)動力。建筑的選址和內(nèi)容設(shè)計都通過市民對話向民眾公布，公眾還被邀請對國際建筑競賽中的提案進行投票和評論，其意見形成總結(jié)供評委會參考。

隨著時間的推移，斯凱萊夫特奧市中心日益現(xiàn)代化，許多木制房屋消失了。薩拉文化中心位于城市最中心的地塊上，將文化和木材帶到城市的核心。它由不同規(guī)模和透明度的木制結(jié)構(gòu)組成，在街道層面上呈現(xiàn)出宜人的尺度，較低的體量面向狹窄的街道，錯落有致地延伸至面對主廣場的地標性酒店。方案的每一部分都由一個簡單合理的體量來描繪，與內(nèi)容相適應。不同的體量組成了文化中心的整體，同時減少了建筑的整體規(guī)模。

薩拉文化中心被設(shè)計成向各個方向開放，以激活它周圍的街道。通常隱藏在幕后的作坊和工作室是開放的，從街上可以看到，這獨特地展示了創(chuàng)作過程背后的工藝。開放式的布局與寬敞的玻璃窗相結(jié)合，向路人展示了里面的活動。黑匣子舞臺的尺寸可供大型國際劇目進行表演，而非正式的展覽和活動則可以安排在文化中心設(shè)計靈活的大廳中。

建筑物的位置，加上周圍公共場所的規(guī)劃和有許多入口的透明外墻，共同降低了進入建筑物的門檻，以一個開放和歡迎姿態(tài)的建筑物取代了嚴肅的文化機構(gòu)形象。設(shè)計的目標是讓每個人都感覺自己受到邀請，并能自如地進入。項目位于一個斜坡上，整個設(shè)計基于兩個平坦且完全無障礙的底層，可以從四面八方輕松到達，而內(nèi)部布局的設(shè)計更是為了方便人們尋找路線。在主入口處，建筑的核心是一個大樓梯，可以俯瞰文化中心的所有活動。這個空間是中性的，可以作為一個城市客廳，也可以當作當?shù)鼐用竦囊粋€“講演角”。這個未經(jīng)規(guī)劃的公共空間歡迎所有市民和來訪者加入正在進行的文化對話中。

Located just below the Arctic Circle in northern Sweden,the city of Skellefte? has a long tradition of timber buildings.This tradition formed the primary inspiration behind the winning design in the international competition for Sara Culture Centre,under the motto "Sideby-side".The new culture centre was initiated by the municipality to act as a key driver in making Skellefte? a more attractive region.Citizen dialogues were held to inform both the choice of site in the city as well as the content of the building.The public was invited to vote and comment on the proposals in the international architecture competition,with a summary of public opinion provided to the jury.

Over time,as Skellefte?'s city centre was modernized,many wood houses disappeared.Placed on the city's most central plot,Sara brings culture and wood to the core of town.It is composed of timber volumes of varying scales and transparency combined to give a human scale at street level with lower volumes toward narrow streets,staggering up to the landmark hotel facing the main square.Each part of the programme is portrayed by a simple rational volume,adapted to the content.The composition of the individual volumes forms the whole of the cultural centre while reducing the overall scale of the building.

Sara Cultural Centre was designed to open up in all directions to activate the streets around it.Workshops and ateliers,usually hidden behind the scenes,are open and visible from the street,uniquely showcasing the craft behind the creative process.Open layouts combined with generous glazing reveal the activities inside to passers-by.The black box stages are dimensioned to bring the largest international productions to town,while informal exhibitions and events can be programmed throughout the centre's flexible foyers.

1 遠景View from far away

2 鳥瞰Aerial view

顧問：Incoord,Brandkonsulten,Artifon

總承建：HENT

結(jié)構(gòu)體系：Timber structure

材料：Cross Laminated Timber,Glue Laminated timber

場地面積：5500m2

使用用途：文化中心，酒店

總建筑面積：28,000m2

建筑高度：75m

造價：105M EUR

設(shè)計時間：2016-2021

施工時間：2019-2021

竣工時間：2021.09

繪圖：白色建筑事務所

攝影：?ke Eson Lindman,Jonas

Westling,Patrick Degerman,Sven Burman

3 總平面 Site plan

作為一個公共建筑，該項目旨在豐富社區(qū)，而其多樣化的設(shè)計更進一步提升了城市的文化環(huán)境。通過在一棟建筑中結(jié)合多種功能從而產(chǎn)生新的合作機會，薩拉文化中心具有對社區(qū)產(chǎn)生更大影響的潛力。酒店及其設(shè)施進一步增強了這一效果，它成為一個新的目的地，吸引著區(qū)域內(nèi)、國內(nèi)和國際的游客，并為當?shù)鼐用裉峁┝诵碌目赡苄浴?/p>

項目設(shè)計以共享為出發(fā)點，雖然為了減少項目的建筑面積，每個單獨活動的空間已經(jīng)減少到其理想需求的大約70%。但是通過文化中心管理方促成的共享協(xié)議，每個項目都可以獲得其理想面積需求的130%以上的空間。大樓的靈活規(guī)劃可以為大型活動連接起空間，或為平行舉行的活動分割成較小的空間。這種靈活性也允許建筑隨著時間的推移適應需求和實踐的發(fā)展，確保其與各種未來活動保持相關(guān)性。

通過讓木材重新成為城市結(jié)構(gòu)中的一種材料，薩拉文化中心確認了斯凱萊夫特奧的木材使用傳統(tǒng)和當?shù)氐哪静漠a(chǎn)業(yè)的地位。它還通過從距離建筑工地約100km 半徑內(nèi)的可持續(xù)森林采購，并在距離工地約50km 的鋸木廠進行加工來為這一產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展做出貢獻。該建筑將木材作為一種巨大的結(jié)構(gòu)性材料來使用，而不是僅僅將其作為飾面層。木材元素成為建筑表達的一部分，使其可見和可讀，激發(fā)了人們對了解該建筑如何組裝起來的興趣。裸露的天然木材會隨著時間的推移而老化，高層建筑的木材核心結(jié)構(gòu)可以透過反射著北歐天空的雙層外墻看到。薩拉文化中心的面積約30,000m2，是世界上第一個達到20 層的木結(jié)構(gòu)?！酰ㄥX芳 譯）

評審評語（1）

薩拉文化中心位于瑞典北部，恰好在北極圈以下。建筑具有多種功能：會議中心、展覽空間、圖書館、酒店、餐廳和公共管理空間。項目所在的謝萊夫特奧市是一座中等規(guī)模的城市，有悠久的木構(gòu)建筑歷史。薩拉文化中心延續(xù)了這一傳統(tǒng)，它是使用木材作為結(jié)構(gòu)材料的全球最高建筑之一。薩拉文化中心是一個具有標志性的先鋒項目，它也改變了這座小城市的尺度，在嚴寒的氣候環(huán)境中為人們提供許多受歡迎的社會和文化設(shè)施。憑借多元復合的功能，它讓人們能夠參與日常難以接觸到的豐富活動之中。它還為夏季提供了室外的公共空間，因此這是一個非常有吸引力、有共情力和值得贊揚的項目。（母卓爾 譯）

評審評語（2）

項目充分展現(xiàn)了木構(gòu)建筑的魅力，它不僅創(chuàng)造了木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的最新高度，而且還采用了3D 模塊裝配式技術(shù)，這對我們探索建筑的低碳發(fā)展提供了很好的樣板。其規(guī)則的體量和簡潔的立面，呈現(xiàn)出樸素的構(gòu)建邏輯和新的現(xiàn)代性風貌，這與展現(xiàn)非線性和復雜化形成對比，讓我們更加關(guān)注由建筑技術(shù)展現(xiàn)出的藝術(shù)魅力。這座建筑還因為它的開放性，改變了城市空間對市民的影響力，使城市中心區(qū)域得以擴展，讓文化和藝術(shù)通過建筑空間融入到人們的生活中。

4 首層平面Ground floor plan

Structural Engineers:DIFK AS,TK

Botania,WSP AB

Consultants:Incoord,Brandkonsulten,Artifon,

General Contractor:HENT

Structural System:Timber structure

Material:Cross Laminated Timber,Glue Laminated timber

Site Area:5500 m2

Function:Culture Centre,Hotel

Total Floor Area:28,000 m2

Height:75 m

Cost:105M EUR

Design Period:2016-2021

Construction Period:2019-2021

Completion Time:2021.09

Drawings:White Arkitekter

Photos:?ke Eson Lindman,Jonas

Westling,Patrick Degerman,Sven Burman

5 四層平面Third floor plan

The location of the building,together with the programming of the surrounding public places and the transparent facades with many entrances,work together to lower the threshold to enter the building and replacing the image of an austere cultural institution with an open and welcoming building.The goal is for everyone to feel invited,and at ease to enter.Located on a slope,the entire design is based on two flat and fully accessible ground floors that can be easily reached from all sides while the internal layout is designed for easy way finding.At the main entrance,at the heart of the building is a great staircase that overlooks all activities of the culture centre.This space is neutral and works as an urban living room and can function as a "speaker's corner" for the inhabitants.The unprogrammed public space welcomes all citizens and visitors to participate in an ongoing dialogue on culture.

As a public building the project aims to enrich the community,and the diverse programme strengthens the city's cultural environment.With the opportunities for collaboration that arise when combining many functions in one building,Sara offers the potential of an even greater impact on the community.The hotel with its amenities further adds to this equation,forming a new destination attracting visitors regionally,nationally,and internationally as well as offering new possibilities for residents.

Designed with sharing as a starting point,to reduce the project's floor area,the space of each individual activity has been reduced to approximately 70% of its ideal needs.But through a sharing agreement facilitated by the cultural centre's management,each programme has access to over 130% of their ideal surface needs.The flexible programming of the building allows connecting spaces for very large events or dividing into smaller fractions for parallel events.This flexibility will also allow the building to adapt over time as needs and practices evolve,ensuring its future relevance as a framework for activities.

By bringing back timber as a material in the urban fabric,Sara acknowledges Skellefte?'s historic timber tradition and local timber industry.It also promotes it by sourcing from sustainable forests located within an approximately 100 km radius from the building site and processing in a sawmill approximately 50 km from the site.The building is realised with timber as a massive,structural material,not a surface layer on top of something else just for show.Timber elements become part of thearchitectural expression making them visible and readable,triggering an interest in how the building is assembled.Exposed natural wood will age over time while the timber core structure of the high-rise is visible through a double-skin fa?ade reflecting the Nordic sky.Sara comprises approximately 30,000 m2and the first timber building in the world to reach 20 stories.□

6 圖解分析Diagram analysis

Jury Statement (1)

The Sara Culture Centre is situated in Northern Sweden,just below the Arctic Circle.The centre comprises multiple functions:auditoriums,exhibition spaces,a library,a hotel,a restaurant and spaces for public administration.As the medium-sized town of Skellefte? has a long history of timber construction.The Sara Culture Centre,being one of the tallest buildings worldwide,that use timber as structural material,continues this tradition.Sara is an apparent symbol and pioneering project of architecture,but it also completely changes the scale of this small city and provides much welcome social and cultural amenity in a very harsh climate.With its rich variety of programmes,it connects people to activities which hitherto might have been out of their reach.Offering also outside public spaces for the summer months this makes a very attractive,empathetic and commendable project.

Jury Statement (2)

The Sara Culture Centre demonstrates the fascination of timber frame architecture,not only by creating the latest heights in timber frame construction,but also by using 3D modular assembly technology,which provides a good model for our exploration of low carbon development in architecture.The regular form and simple fa?ade of the Sara Culture Centre present a basic logic of construction and a new style of modernity,which contrasts with the non-linearity and makes us pay more attention to the artistic appeal shown by the building technology.The building also increases the influence of urban space due to its openness,allowing for the expansion of the city centre area and integrating culture and art into people's lives.

7 屋頂露臺Roof terrace

8 開放日活動Sara Openinng

9 展覽Exhibition

10 舞臺Stage

11 舞蹈教室Stage Trap Room

12 藝術(shù)門廊Artist foyer

13 開放空間Open space