袁秋嫦
【摘要】思維導(dǎo)圖是表達(dá)放射性思維的圖形思維工具,它可以有效地幫助學(xué)生構(gòu)建知識(shí)框架,完善知識(shí)體系,提升思維能力。教師在英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課上合理地使用思維導(dǎo)圖,可以有效地提高英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課的效率。本文以PEP人教版小學(xué)英語(yǔ)六年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit 4Then and now教學(xué)為例,闡述如何運(yùn)用思維導(dǎo)圖,提高復(fù)習(xí)課的有效性
【關(guān)鍵詞】小學(xué)英語(yǔ);復(fù)習(xí)課;思維導(dǎo)圖
思維導(dǎo)圖又被稱為心智導(dǎo)圖,是一種通過(guò)充分發(fā)揮發(fā)散性思維來(lái)進(jìn)行有效學(xué)習(xí)的思維工具。復(fù)習(xí)課是小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中常見(jiàn)的一種課型,其主要目的在于幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)和鞏固所學(xué)知識(shí)。在復(fù)習(xí)課中,教師如果能靈活地將思維導(dǎo)圖運(yùn)用到英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課中,就可以圖文并重、化繁為簡(jiǎn)地將不同的復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容,用相互隸屬與相關(guān)的層級(jí)圖表現(xiàn)出來(lái),有效地幫助學(xué)生增強(qiáng)記憶力、提高理解能力。本文以修訂版人教PEP版小學(xué)英語(yǔ)六年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit4 Then and now復(fù)習(xí)課的具體教學(xué)過(guò)程為例,具體探討如何巧用思維導(dǎo)圖,提高復(fù)習(xí)課的有效性。
本單元學(xué)習(xí)的主題是談?wù)撌挛锖腿宋锏慕裎糇兓?。通過(guò)吳一凡和爺爺、爸爸參觀學(xué)校校史展覽館的情景引出There was/were(no/not)…ago./You were(not)…I did(not)…/1could(not)…等句型談?wù)搶W(xué)校以及人物過(guò)去的情況,從而引出對(duì)比事物和人物的今昔。本課的學(xué)習(xí)目的在于能夠借助思維導(dǎo)圖熟練運(yùn)用句型There was/were(no)…years ago.Now there is/are…和相關(guān)詞匯描述自己周圍的變化;能夠借助思維導(dǎo)圖思維導(dǎo)圖懂得語(yǔ)篇并回答出相應(yīng)問(wèn)題;能夠借助思維導(dǎo)圖理清寫作框架,完成寫作任務(wù);能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到思維導(dǎo)圖在復(fù)習(xí)課中的優(yōu)勢(shì),并學(xué)會(huì)使用思維導(dǎo)圖進(jìn)行自主學(xué)習(xí)。
教學(xué)過(guò)程:
Step 1? Lead-in
1.Free talk
T:Good morning boys and girl.I’m your English teacher.And I want to be your friend.But do you know something more about me?
T:OK,let me tell you something about me.I am…(出示現(xiàn)在生活的照片)
T:But'I didn’t look like as now as before.This is my old photo.(出示以前生活的照片)Can you find the differences?
S1:Ago you were short,now you are tall.
S2:Ago you had short hair,now you has long hair.
……
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:讓學(xué)生通過(guò)看圖發(fā)現(xiàn)教師前后的變化,復(fù)習(xí)了相關(guān)詞匯、語(yǔ)法和句型,從而加深其對(duì)單元主題相關(guān)詞匯、句型的理解和運(yùn)用。)
2.Watch the video and lead in the topic
T:Yes,compare with before and now I changed a lot.And around us we can find lots of changes.Now let's see a video.(播放日出日落,四季更替,鄉(xiāng)村新舊貌等有關(guān)“變化”的短片)
T:Now boys and girls can you tell me what will we talk about today?
S:Changes.
T:Yes,we are going to talk about“The changes around us”.
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:經(jīng)過(guò)觀看短片,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生說(shuō)出本節(jié)課復(fù)習(xí)的話題“The changes around us”,確立思維導(dǎo)圖的中心詞。如下圖。中心詞能夠讓學(xué)生一目了然,明確這節(jié)課的復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容)
Step 2? Presentation and practice
1.Listen and finish the map
T:There are many changes around us .So does my friend Tom.His family has lots of differences.Now let’s listen to the tape and finish the mind map.
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:語(yǔ)言要達(dá)到很好的輸出,必須有足夠的輸入?!奥?tīng)”作為輸入的重要方面,既是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的主要內(nèi)容,又是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重要手段。教師通過(guò)讓學(xué)生聽(tīng)材料完成思維導(dǎo)圖,能幫助學(xué)生從整體上把握聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容,抓住大意,提升聽(tīng)力水平)
T:Boys and girls,through the tape we have known the changes of Tom’s
family.Now I have a question“Why there was only one child in Tom’s family ago?
S:國(guó)家開(kāi)放二孩政策
T:Yes.You are right .Birth policy in China has been adjusted.In the past we…
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:學(xué)生的思維不應(yīng)該是定性,教師應(yīng)該善于教學(xué)中挖掘可以幫助學(xué)生發(fā)展思維的知識(shí)點(diǎn),學(xué)生從老師提問(wèn)的“Why there was only child in Tom’s family in the past?”聯(lián)想到生育政策改變,是思維提升的一個(gè)表現(xiàn)。)
2.Talk about the changes about your family with your partner
T:Boys and girls,from the tape we know the changes about Tom’s family?Let’s talk about your family.But what can we talk bout?Tom’s father was thin.Now,he is strong .So we can talk about…
S1:外貌特 征(Feature of the body)
S2:Job
...
T:Now you can talk about the changes of your family with your partner
according to the mind map.
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:這節(jié)課教師通過(guò)完成聽(tīng)力材料changes of Tom’s family,自然地創(chuàng)設(shè)了讓學(xué)生談?wù)勛约杭彝プ兓那榫埃⑼ㄟ^(guò)自己的分析總結(jié),提煉出關(guān)鍵詞,形成新的架構(gòu)。讓學(xué)生借助思維導(dǎo)圖講述自己家庭的變化,是一個(gè)很好的由輸入到輸出的過(guò)程,讓學(xué)生提升了“說(shuō)”的能力)
3.Read the passage and answer the questions
T:Everyone in the family maybe has changed.I liked Children’s Day.Now I like Spring Festival .Boys and girls,do you like Spring Festival?
S:Yes.
T:We celebrate Spring festival every year .But the ways to celebrate has something different now.Read the passage and answer the questions.You can write a mind map to help you at first.
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:老師通過(guò)引導(dǎo)讓學(xué)生根據(jù)文章自己制作思維導(dǎo)圖,然后解決閱讀中遇到的問(wèn)題。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中老師啟發(fā)學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考,引導(dǎo)他們根據(jù)導(dǎo)圖尋找線索,掃除語(yǔ)篇中的障礙,從盲目地讀、被動(dòng)地讀轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛心康牡刈x和有價(jià)值地讀,從而提高閱讀的質(zhì)量)
Step 3? Consolidation and extension
1.Watch the video and talk more in the group of four
T:Yes,there are many changes around us .But I think the huge change is our life.Now let’s watch a video.
T:Let’s talk about what are the advantages and disadvantages the changes bring to us.And what advice can we give?Now you can share your opinions in your group of four.
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:這個(gè)單元主要講述的是事物的變化,通過(guò)前面的復(fù)習(xí),學(xué)生已經(jīng)能比較熟練的描述事物的變化了。但這些只是停留在事物的表面,老師通過(guò)提出“what,why,how”引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行深層次的思考,有效地提高了學(xué)生的辯證思維和發(fā)散思維能力。)
2.Finish the mind map and write
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:教師利用思維導(dǎo)圖利用關(guān)鍵詞“what,why,how”幫助學(xué)生構(gòu)建寫作框架,有助于學(xué)生從整體上把握寫作主題,理清寫作思路,有順序、有層次地順利表達(dá)出自己的看法)
Step 4? Homework
1.Talk about the changes with your friends and your families
(設(shè)計(jì)意圖:語(yǔ)言的最終目的是用于溝通交流,讓學(xué)生在課后也跟自己的家人和朋友談?wù)勆磉叺淖兓?,把課堂知識(shí)用到生活實(shí)際中,做到學(xué)以致用。)
綜上所述,思維導(dǎo)圖作為一種可視化工具,在小學(xué)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課中應(yīng)用思維導(dǎo)圖可以幫助學(xué)生梳理和歸納知識(shí)點(diǎn),建立完整的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)體系,有效激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,培養(yǎng)他們的思維能力,改善他們的思維品質(zhì),從而提升他們自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]顧飛斌.淺談思維導(dǎo)圖在小學(xué)英語(yǔ)單元復(fù)習(xí)課中的應(yīng)用——以Unit 2 Ways to go to school教學(xué)為例[J].英語(yǔ)教師,2019(8):110-113.
[2]施曉琳.融入式思維教學(xué)提升小學(xué)英語(yǔ)單元復(fù)習(xí)課品質(zhì)的方法探究——結(jié)合譯林版小學(xué)英語(yǔ)5BUnit4Seeingthedoctor(Check out time&Revision)略談[J].外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究,2021(2):87-88.