徐晶晶
在英語(yǔ)中,set是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞,其組成的固定短語(yǔ)含義豐富,用法廣泛。對(duì)此,筆者就含set的常用固定短語(yǔ)的用法進(jìn)行了盤(pán)點(diǎn),以期同學(xué)們能夠熟知和掌握。
固定短語(yǔ)之一:set off
(1)動(dòng)身,啟程,出發(fā)。如:①Hearing the news,they immediately set off for the station.(他們一聽(tīng)到這消息便立刻動(dòng)身去車(chē)站。)②We set off once more,over a rough mountain track.(我們沿著一條崎嶇的山間小路再度出發(fā)。)
(2)激起,引發(fā)。如:①A letter from home set offan attack of her homesickness.(一封家信激起了她的一片思鄉(xiāng)之情。)②Dust,air pollution or smoke can setoff an asthma attack.(灰塵、空氣污染或者煙都可以引發(fā)哮喘發(fā)作。)
(3)引爆(炸彈),燃放(鞭炮),拉響(警報(bào))。如:①Setting off fireworks have its advantages and disad-vantages, so we should set off fire-works limitedly.(燃放煙花爆竹有利有弊,所以我們應(yīng)該有所限制。)②Jack opened the door and set off the alarm.(杰克一打開(kāi)門(mén),警報(bào)就響了。)
(4)襯托,使顯出美麗。如:Pink is very suitablefor you,can set off your skin.(粉色很適合你,能襯托出你的膚色。)
固定短語(yǔ)之二:set out
(l)動(dòng)身,啟程。set out作“動(dòng)身,啟程,出發(fā)”解釋時(shí),可以與“set off”互換.如:①You'd better pack ourgear into the car tonight, and then we can set out/off atdawn tomorrow.(你們最好今晚就把用具裝上車(chē),這樣明天拂曉時(shí)就能啟程。)②The world is beautiful.Setout to your dream from now on?。ㄊ澜绾苊利悾瑝?mèng)想從腳下啟程?。?/p>
(2)開(kāi)始,著手,可以與“set about”互換。①Hav-ing made up my mind, she immediately set out/ aboutcarrymg out her plan.(拿定主意后,她立即著手實(shí)施她的計(jì)劃。)②The moment he got home,he set out/about to do his homework.(他一到家就開(kāi)始做家庭作業(yè)。)
(3)擺放,陳列。如:①Can you set out the chairsas shown in the plan?(你能按圖紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)擺好椅子嗎?)②All the better merchandise was set out on shelves atthe rear of the store.(所有稍好些的商品全都陳列在后面的貨架上。)
(4)闡述,說(shuō)明。如:①Tom set out the reasons forapplying for this job.(湯姆說(shuō)明了申請(qǐng)這份工作的原因。)⑦Darwin set out his theory in detail in the originof species.(達(dá)爾義在《物種起源》中詳細(xì)闡述了他的理論。)
固定短語(yǔ)之三:set up
(l)建立,建造。如:①This skyscraper was con-structed entirely of concrete and glass.(這幢摩天大樓全部是用水泥和玻璃建造的。)②They set up the web-site to get people's attention to healthy eating.(他們建立這個(gè)網(wǎng)站是為了讓人們注意飲食健康。)
(2)開(kāi)店,創(chuàng)業(yè)。如:①He had plans to set up inbusmess on his own account.(他計(jì)劃自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。)②Two years ago she set up shop as a boss.(兩年前她自己開(kāi)店,當(dāng)起了老板。)
(3)安裝,調(diào)配。如:①I(mǎi) want to set up home net-working on this commuter.(我想在本機(jī)上安裝家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)。)②He needs someone to set up the overhead pro-jector for him in time for the lecture.(他需要有人為他調(diào)試演講用的高射投影儀。)
(4)誣陷,陷害。如:①She claims she's innocentand someone set her up.(她聲稱自己是清白的,有人誣陷她。)②The man had been set up.(這個(gè)男子被人陷害了。)
(5)引起,產(chǎn)生。如:Ocean tides are set up by thepull between the earth and the moon.(海潮是由地球與月球之間的引力所引起的。)
固定短語(yǔ)之四:set down
(l)制定,規(guī)定(規(guī)則、規(guī)程、章法等)。如:①Rules have been set down and must be obeyed.(規(guī)章已經(jīng)制定,必須遵守。)②The prices are set down bythe local govemment.(價(jià)格是由當(dāng)?shù)卣?guī)定的。)
(2)把(感受、看法、經(jīng)歷、思想等)寫(xiě)下或記下,相當(dāng)于“write down”。如:①You had better set your ideadown before you forget it.(你最好在未忘記以前把你的想法寫(xiě)下來(lái)。)②She set down her importantthoughts in her diary.(她在日記里記下她重要的感黨。)
(3)放下,相當(dāng)于“put down”。如:We set downour backpacks and had a break.(我們放下背包休息了一會(huì)兒。)
總之,含有set的固定短語(yǔ)較多,除了上述所提及的,還有set back(延誤,破費(fèi)),set free(釋放,解放),setagainst(反對(duì))等。在平時(shí)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中,同學(xué)們要注意加強(qiáng)固定短語(yǔ)的積累,豐富語(yǔ)言儲(chǔ)備,這樣在運(yùn)用時(shí)自然就能得心應(yīng)手。
(作者單位:江蘇省鹽城市田家炳中學(xué))