孟祥坤,吳趙露,楊雪梅,官道杰,王建軍
二化螟P糖蛋白基因的克隆分析及對殺蟲劑的誘導(dǎo)響應(yīng)
孟祥坤,吳趙露,楊雪梅,官道杰,王建軍
揚州大學(xué)園藝與植物保護(hù)學(xué)院,江蘇揚州 225009
【】克隆二化螟()P糖蛋白基因()并對其分子特征和表達(dá)模式進(jìn)行分析,明確對常用防治殺蟲劑氯蟲苯甲酰胺和阿維菌素的誘導(dǎo)響應(yīng)并對其潛在的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控機制進(jìn)行探索。使用基因克隆技術(shù)擴增全長基因序列,利用生物信息學(xué)技術(shù)對編碼蛋白的分子特征和5′端轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控區(qū)中的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點進(jìn)行分析。使用熒光定量PCR方法對在二化螟不同齡期和不同組織中的表達(dá)模式及在殺蟲劑氯蟲苯甲酰胺和阿維菌素不同劑量處理下的誘導(dǎo)響應(yīng)進(jìn)行測定分析。cDNA序列全長4 584 bp,由23個外顯子構(gòu)成,編碼1 259個氨基酸,含有兩個跨膜區(qū)和兩個核苷酸結(jié)合區(qū),具有ABC轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白家族典型的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,如對底物轉(zhuǎn)運具有重要功能的Walker A、Walker B及D、H、P、Q-Loop等特征序列。主要在二化螟幼蟲期表達(dá),在3—4齡幼蟲中具有最高的表達(dá)量,在蛹期和成蟲期的表達(dá)量較低。組織表達(dá)分析表明,主要高表達(dá)于二化螟的前腸和中腸組織,在后腸、脂肪體、馬氏管等其他組織中的表達(dá)量較低。相比于對照,使用LC30和LC70劑量氯蟲苯甲酰胺分別處理二化螟3齡幼蟲12 h和24 h后,的表達(dá)量未發(fā)生顯著變化。但在處理36 h后,LC30處理組試蟲中顯著上調(diào)表達(dá),而LC70處理組試蟲中則顯著下調(diào)表達(dá)。使用低劑量0.05 mg·L-1的阿維菌素處理二化螟試蟲12 h后,相比于對照,顯著下調(diào)表達(dá),在處理24 h和36 h后的表達(dá)水平?jīng)]有發(fā)生顯著變化,使用0.15 mg·L-1的阿維菌素處理二化螟試蟲24 h和36 h后被顯著誘導(dǎo)上調(diào)表達(dá)。對的5′端轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控區(qū)的序列分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控區(qū)中預(yù)測到多個轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點,其中包括5個潛在的CncC結(jié)合位點。二化螟在重要解毒代謝組織中腸中高表達(dá),并且能夠被殺蟲劑氯蟲苯甲酰胺和阿維菌素誘導(dǎo)表達(dá),表明可能參與對氯蟲苯甲酰胺和阿維菌素的解毒代謝。5′端轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控區(qū)中含有多個轉(zhuǎn)錄因子CncC結(jié)合位點,可能對的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)具有重要調(diào)控作用。推測在氯蟲苯甲酰胺或阿維菌素脅迫下,可能受到轉(zhuǎn)錄因子CncC的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控并參與對氯蟲苯甲酰胺或阿維菌素的解毒代謝。
二化螟;P糖蛋白;分子特征;殺蟲劑誘導(dǎo);轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控
【研究意義】二化螟()是我國水稻上危害最為嚴(yán)重的常發(fā)性害蟲之一,每年導(dǎo)致我國水稻大量減產(chǎn)[1]。目前二化螟的防治主要使用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥,但是大量使用農(nóng)藥引發(fā)的害蟲抗藥性等問題日益嚴(yán)重[2-4]。監(jiān)測發(fā)現(xiàn),二化螟已對氯蟲苯甲酰胺、阿維菌素等幾種常用防治殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了不同水平的抗藥性[5-7]。因此,通過對二化螟抗藥性研究,探索潛在的抗性機制,不僅為新型高效殺蟲劑開發(fā)提供理論依據(jù),同時也為二化螟田間防治的藥劑選擇提供指導(dǎo),對于農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲防治具有重要意義?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】對外源化合物的解毒代謝是昆蟲適應(yīng)環(huán)境及對殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生抗藥性的主要策略之一。昆蟲對植物有毒物質(zhì)和殺蟲劑等外源化合物的解毒代謝主要分3個反應(yīng)階段:I相反應(yīng)中,細(xì)胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,P450)和酯酶(esterase,EST)分別氧化和水解外源化合物,生成水溶性更高的代謝產(chǎn)物;II相反應(yīng)中,谷胱甘肽-轉(zhuǎn)移酶(glutathione-transferase,GST)和尿苷二磷酸糖基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(UDP-glycosyltransferase,UGT)通過催化結(jié)合反應(yīng)進(jìn)一步增加代謝產(chǎn)物的水溶性;III相反應(yīng)中,腺苷三磷酸結(jié)合盒轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白(ABC轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白,ATP-binding cassette transporter)將水溶性的代謝產(chǎn)物從細(xì)胞內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)運到細(xì)胞外[8-9]。ABC轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白是多細(xì)胞動物中最大的轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白家族,含有8個(ABCA—ABCH)亞家族成員,在生物中發(fā)揮泵的作用將有毒物質(zhì)排出細(xì)胞。昆蟲ABC轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白中的ABCB、ABCC和ABCG家族成員廣泛參與殺蟲劑的轉(zhuǎn)運代謝,與昆蟲的殺蟲劑抗藥性密切相關(guān)[10]。對二化螟的殺蟲劑抗藥性研究中,已發(fā)現(xiàn)包括I、II相反應(yīng)中的多個P450、EST和UGT基因可能參與二化螟對殺蟲劑的解毒代謝,但關(guān)于二化螟對殺蟲劑解毒代謝的III相反應(yīng)研究卻鮮有報道[6,11-13]?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c】ABCB家族中的又稱P糖蛋白基因(P-glycoprotein gene,)。廣泛參與對藥物的轉(zhuǎn)運,是昆蟲中被研究最多的ABC基因,在多種昆蟲中參與對殺蟲劑的轉(zhuǎn)運和抗藥性[10]。作為III相解毒代謝反應(yīng)中最重要的ABC基因之一,是否參與了二化螟對殺蟲劑的抗藥性還有待于進(jìn)一步研究?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問題】通過對二化螟克隆分析,明確其在二化螟中的表達(dá)模式以及在殺蟲劑誘導(dǎo)下的表達(dá)變化,通過對5′端轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控區(qū)的序列分析,探索潛在的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控機制,為進(jìn)一步深入了解二化螟抗藥性機制打下基礎(chǔ)。
試驗于2020年在揚州大學(xué)園藝與植物保護(hù)學(xué)院農(nóng)藥分子靶標(biāo)與環(huán)境毒理實驗室完成。
敏感品系二化螟試蟲在溫度為(28±1)℃,相對濕度為(70±5)%,光周期為16 h﹕8 h(光照﹕黑暗)的室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)箱中,使用人工飼料進(jìn)行飼養(yǎng)[14]。試蟲飼養(yǎng)過程中不接觸任何農(nóng)藥。
cDNA末端擴增試劑盒SMARTer RACE 5′/3′ Kit、DNA聚合酶 LA Taq、cDNA第一鏈合成試劑盒PrimeScriptTM1st cDNA Synthesis Kit、RNA提取試劑盒Takara MiniBEST Universal RNA Extraction Kit、凝膠回收試劑盒Takara MiniBEST Agarose Gel DNA Extraction Kit、熒光定量反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒PrimeScriptTMRT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser和熒光定量試劑TB Green Premix Ex TaqTM等購自寶生物工程(大連)有限公司(Takara);昆蟲基因組提取試劑盒Insect DNA Kit(Omega)購于揚州祥瑞生物科技有限公司;克隆載體pEASY-T1和感受態(tài)細(xì)胞Trans5購于北京全式金生物技術(shù)有限公司。95%氯蟲苯甲酰胺和93.7%阿維菌素原藥由揚州大學(xué)園藝與植物保護(hù)學(xué)院馮建國老師提供。
在二化螟轉(zhuǎn)錄組中鑒定到若干注釋為的序列片段[15],進(jìn)一步通過與同源基因的序列比對和拼接,使用Primer premier 5軟件設(shè)計特異引物(表1)用于部分編碼區(qū)序列的擴增。50 μL PCR體系中含有5 μL 10× LA PCR Buffer(Mg2+Plus),0.5 μL LA Taq(5 U·μL-1),上下游引物(10 μmol·L-1)各2 μL,8 μL dNTP Mixture(各2.5 nmol·L-1),cDNA模板2 μL,滅菌蒸餾水32.5 μL。PCR反應(yīng)條件為95℃預(yù)變性2 min;95℃變性10 s,60—55℃(每循環(huán)降低0.5℃)退火15 s,72℃延伸3 min,循環(huán)10次;95℃變性10 s,55℃退火15 s,72℃延伸3 min,循環(huán)25次;72℃延伸10 min。使用瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測PCR產(chǎn)物,對大小正確的DNA條帶進(jìn)行膠回收、連接到克隆載體并轉(zhuǎn)化感受態(tài)細(xì)胞。使用菌落PCR對挑選的單克隆進(jìn)行鑒定并測序。根據(jù)測序結(jié)果和cDNA末端擴增試劑盒使用說明,設(shè)計特異引物(表1),用于5′端和3′端的序列擴增。使用CLUSTAL W和DNAMAN 7.0軟件對克隆的基因序列進(jìn)行比對分析,使用在線軟件ExPASy Compute pI/Mw(http://ca.expasy. org/tools/pi_tool.html)對翻譯的蛋白質(zhì)分子質(zhì)量和等電點進(jìn)行預(yù)測。MEGA 7軟件用于昆蟲的進(jìn)化樹分析。NCBI序列分析軟件用于CsPgp保守結(jié)構(gòu)特征分析。
使用NCBI中二化螟基因組(Bioproject:PRJNA506136)的序列信息,分析基因組結(jié)構(gòu),并設(shè)計特異引物,以二化螟幼蟲DNA為模板,擴增基因編碼區(qū)上游5′側(cè)翼區(qū)DNA序列。使用在線軟件JASPAR(http://jaspar.genereg.net)、ALLGEN(http://alggen.lsi.upc.es)、http://www.fruitfly.org/seq_ tools/promoter.html和http://www.softberry.com對克隆的5′側(cè)翼區(qū)DNA序列中的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點、啟動子序列和轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點進(jìn)行預(yù)測分析。
根據(jù)克隆獲得的序列信息,設(shè)計特異性引物,使用熒光定量PCR對在二化螟不同發(fā)育時期和不同組織中的表達(dá)量進(jìn)行分析。分別收集二化螟各齡期幼蟲、不同日齡蛹和成蟲,每5—8頭試蟲為一個樣品。在二化螟3齡幼蟲中分別解剖腦、神經(jīng)索、前腸、中腸、后腸、血淋巴、脂肪體、表皮和馬氏管組織,在羽化24 h的雌成蟲中解剖卵巢組織。每個樣品分別收集3個生物學(xué)重復(fù)。根據(jù)試劑盒說明書,使用Takara MiniBEST Universal RNA Extraction Kit試劑盒提取樣品RNA,并利用瓊脂糖凝膠檢測RNA的完整性。使用熒光定量反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒PrimeScriptTMRT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser合成用于基因表達(dá)量分析的cDNA模板,不同模板統(tǒng)一稀釋至100 ng·μL-1。熒光定量PCR反應(yīng)體系為10 μL 2×TB Green Premix Ex Taq,10 μmol·L-1的上下游引物各1 μL,cDNA模板2 μL,6 μL滅菌超純水。PCR反應(yīng)條件為95℃預(yù)變性2 min;95℃變性30 s,60℃退火30 s,40個循環(huán)。以二化螟中穩(wěn)定表達(dá)的為內(nèi)參基因[16-17]。使用2-??Ct方法計算靶標(biāo)基因在每個樣品中的相對表達(dá)量,使用one-way ANOVA 進(jìn)行差異顯著性分析與多重比較,試驗數(shù)據(jù)以平均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤表示。
根據(jù)前期試驗結(jié)果,分別配制含有LC30(0.092 mg·L-1)和LC70(0.47 mg·L-1)氯蟲苯甲酰胺[15]及含有0.05、0.15 mg·L-1阿維菌素的人工飼料。使用含有殺蟲劑的飼料及正常飼料處理二化螟3齡幼蟲,每個處理接入60頭幼蟲,重復(fù)3次。在處理12、24和36 h后收集樣品試蟲,每5頭二化螟幼蟲為一個樣品,用于的表達(dá)量分析。使用one-way ANOVA Tukey’s test進(jìn)行差異顯著性分析,試驗數(shù)據(jù)以平均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤表示(*<0.05,**<0.01,***<0.001)。
克隆獲得4 584 bp全長cDNA序列,其中開放閱讀框3 780 bp,5′非翻譯區(qū)125 bp,3′非翻譯區(qū)679 bp(圖1-A)。編碼1 259個氨基酸,預(yù)測的蛋白質(zhì)分子質(zhì)量為137.8 kD,等電點為6.58。編碼蛋白具有ABC全轉(zhuǎn)運體家族典型的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,包括兩個跨膜區(qū)和兩個核苷酸結(jié)合區(qū),以及核苷酸結(jié)合區(qū)中對底物轉(zhuǎn)運具有重要功能的保守特征序列如Walker A、Walker B及D、H、P、Q-Loop等(圖1-A)?;蚪M結(jié)構(gòu)分析顯示,基因組全長38 596 bp,由23個外顯子構(gòu)成,外顯子平均長度175 bp(圖1-B)。對不同物種Pgp的進(jìn)化樹分析顯示,CsPgp與其他鱗翅目昆蟲Pgp共聚一支,具有較高的同源性(圖2)。
在幼蟲期的表達(dá)量較高,其中在幼蟲中期(3—4齡)具有最高的表達(dá)量(圖3)。在蛹期和成蟲期的表達(dá)量較低,且在不同時期的表達(dá)量差異不顯著。組織表達(dá)分析顯示,在測定的10個組織中均有表達(dá),其中在前腸和中腸組織中顯著高表達(dá),在脂肪體中的表達(dá)量最低(圖4)。
與對照組試蟲相比,使用0.05 mg·L-1劑量阿維菌素處理幼蟲12 h后,的表達(dá)量顯著降低,而在處理24 h和36 h后的表達(dá)量沒有發(fā)生顯著變化。當(dāng)使用0.15 mg·L-1劑量阿維菌素處理幼蟲12 h后,的表達(dá)量沒有發(fā)生顯著變化,但在處理24 h和36 h后的表達(dá)量分別增加至對照的2.2和2.8倍。分別使用LC30(0.092 mg·L-1)和LC70(0.47 mg·L-1)劑量的氯蟲苯甲酰胺處理幼蟲12 h和24 h后,幼蟲中的表達(dá)量均未發(fā)生顯著變化。但在處理36 h后,相比于對照,LC30處理組幼蟲中的表達(dá)量顯著增加至5.5倍,而LC70處理組幼蟲中的表達(dá)量則顯著降低(圖5)。
基于二化螟基因組序列信息,克隆了上游5′側(cè)翼區(qū)約2 000 bp DNA序列,并對序列中的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點、啟動子序列及轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點等轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控元件進(jìn)行預(yù)測分析。分析結(jié)果顯示,在5′上游調(diào)控區(qū)中預(yù)測到一個潛在的啟動子序列(Score=0.91)及多個轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(Score>0.8)(圖6)。預(yù)測的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點中包括5個Cnc::maf-S,3個EcR::usp及br、Deaf1、dl、tin、Dfd等。
A:CsPgp核酸序列及其編碼的氨基酸序列,深灰色背景標(biāo)注的為CsPgp跨膜區(qū)序列;淺灰色背景標(biāo)注的為CsPgp核苷酸結(jié)合區(qū),其中重要的結(jié)構(gòu)特征使用單下劃線標(biāo)出,斜體氨基酸為ATP結(jié)合位點Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of CsPgp. The transmembrane domains are marked by dark grey background, and the nucleotide-binding domains are marked by light grey background. The important structural characteristics in nucleotide-binding domains are underlined, and the italic amino acids indicated as the binding sites of ATP。B:CsPgp基因組結(jié)構(gòu)Genomics structure of CsPgp。Intron:內(nèi)含子;Exon外顯子;UTR:非翻譯區(qū)Untranslated region
二化螟是水稻作物上最主要的害蟲之一,廣泛分布于亞洲地區(qū)。由于長期使用化學(xué)農(nóng)藥防治,目前我國一些地區(qū)二化螟田間種群已對氯蟲苯甲酰胺、阿維菌素等常用防治藥劑產(chǎn)生了不同水平的抗藥性[5-7]。根據(jù)2017—2019年有害生物抗藥性監(jiān)測結(jié)果,浙江、江西和湖南等部分地區(qū)二化螟種群對氯蟲苯甲酰胺處于高水平抗性,對阿維菌素處于中等至高水平抗性;江蘇、安徽、湖北和四川等部分地區(qū)二化螟種群對氯蟲苯甲酰胺處于敏感至中等水平抗性,對阿維菌素處于敏感水平;不同地區(qū)二化螟種群對氯蟲苯甲酰胺的抗性倍數(shù)逐年增加[2-4]。對二化螟抗藥性機制的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在對氯蟲苯甲酰胺產(chǎn)生抗性的二化螟中,P450和EST的酶活性顯著增加,使用相應(yīng)的增效劑分別抑制P450、EST和UGT的酶活性后二化螟對氯蟲苯甲酰胺的敏感性顯著增加[6,11,13]。在二化螟抗性種群中4個P450基因(、、和)和2個UGT基因(和)顯著過表達(dá),使用RNA干擾分別沉默這6個基因均能顯著增加二化螟對氯蟲苯甲酰胺的敏感性[12-13]。此外,使用亞致死劑量氯蟲苯甲酰胺處理二化螟后,多個P450基因被誘導(dǎo)表達(dá),可能參與對氯蟲苯甲酰胺的解毒代謝[15]。對阿維菌素抗性機制研究發(fā)現(xiàn),氨基酸突變導(dǎo)致的靶標(biāo)敏感性降低和解毒代謝基因過表達(dá)造成的酶活性增強均能夠引起昆蟲和螨對阿維菌素產(chǎn)生抗藥性,但關(guān)于二化螟對阿維菌素的抗藥性機制卻仍不清楚[18-22]。
圖2 不同物種Pgp的進(jìn)化樹分析
柱上標(biāo)有不同字母表示CsPgp在不同組織表達(dá)量差異顯著(P<0.05) Histograms with different letters indicate significant difference of CsPgp expression in different tissues (P<0.05)。腦:brain;神經(jīng)索:nerve cord;前腸:foregut;中腸:midgut;后腸:hindgut;卵巢:ovary;馬氏管:Malpighian tubule;表皮:cuticula;血淋巴:hemolymph;脂肪體:fat body
研究表明,ABC轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白中的參與調(diào)節(jié)昆蟲、螨蟲對殺蟲劑的轉(zhuǎn)運代謝[10,23-24]。為進(jìn)一步探索是否參與III相解毒代謝反應(yīng)對氯蟲苯甲酰胺和阿維菌素的轉(zhuǎn)運代謝,本研究克隆了全長序列并進(jìn)行分析。開放閱讀框由23個外顯子構(gòu)成,編碼1 259個氨基酸,包含兩個跨膜區(qū)和兩個核苷酸結(jié)合區(qū),屬于典型的全轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白,在核苷酸結(jié)合區(qū)中含有對底物轉(zhuǎn)運具有重要功能的所有保守特征序列[10]?;虮磉_(dá)分析顯示,主要在二化螟幼蟲期表達(dá),在3—4齡幼蟲中具有最高的表達(dá)量,在蛹期和成蟲期表達(dá)量較低,與棉鈴蟲()的表達(dá)模式相似[24]。但在小菜蛾()中在不同幼蟲期和蛹期的表達(dá)量差異不顯著[25]。組織表達(dá)分析中,主要在前腸和中腸表達(dá),小菜蛾同樣在中腸中顯著高表達(dá),而棉鈴蟲則在頭部和脂肪體中具有較高的表達(dá)量[24-25]。昆蟲食性和習(xí)性的不同可能是導(dǎo)致表達(dá)模式差異的原因,進(jìn)而造成在不同昆蟲中可能具有不同功能。
*表示存在顯著差異* indicates significant difference (* P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001)
單下劃線標(biāo)注的為預(yù)測的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(Score>0.8),雙下劃線標(biāo)注的為預(yù)測的啟動子序列(Score=0.91),其中粗體字母為預(yù)測的轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點。以CsPgp編碼區(qū)起始密碼子的第一個堿基位置標(biāo)為“+1”,其上游堿基標(biāo)為“-” The predicted transcription factors are marked by single underline, and the predicted promoter sequence is marked by double underline. The transcription start site is indicated by bold letter. The first base of initiation code of CsPgp is indicated as “+1”, and its upstream sequences are indicated as “-”
與昆蟲的抗藥性機制相似,當(dāng)受到外界壓力脅迫如殺蟲劑暴露時,昆蟲同樣可通過提高解毒代謝基因的表達(dá)來增加對壓力脅迫的抵抗能力[26]。與解毒代謝基因的持續(xù)過表達(dá)相比,誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)被認(rèn)為存在著一種代謝代價,只有當(dāng)解毒代謝需要時才會激活解毒代謝基因的表達(dá)[27]。昆蟲中除了P450、GST等解毒代謝基因可被誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)外,ABC轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白基因同樣可被殺蟲劑誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)[9-10,28-31]。前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),二化螟中多個ABC轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白基因可被亞致死劑量的氯蟲苯甲酰胺誘導(dǎo)表達(dá),其中()在處理后24 h輕微上調(diào)表達(dá)[9]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),使用LC30和LC70劑量氯蟲苯甲酰胺分別處理二化螟幼蟲12 h和24 h后,的表達(dá)水平未發(fā)生顯著變化。但在處理36 h后,LC30處理組試蟲顯著上調(diào)表達(dá),而在較高的藥劑濃度LC70處理組中,可能由于試蟲的生理進(jìn)程遭受嚴(yán)重破壞而導(dǎo)致顯著下調(diào)表達(dá)。說明不同藥劑濃度處理下試蟲生理進(jìn)程的不同可能造成的可誘導(dǎo)性存在差異,CsPgp可能參與二化螟對氯蟲苯甲酰胺的轉(zhuǎn)運代謝。使用0.05 mg·L-1的阿維菌素處理二化螟12 h后顯著下調(diào)表達(dá),在處理24 h和36 h后的表達(dá)量沒有發(fā)生顯著變化,可能是使用的藥劑濃度太低,不能夠?qū)Ξa(chǎn)生有效的誘導(dǎo)作用。但使用0.15 mg·L-1的阿維菌素處理二化螟24 h和36 h后被顯著誘導(dǎo)上調(diào)表達(dá)。在小菜蛾、棉鈴蟲和朱砂葉螨()中同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)可被阿維菌素誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)[22,24,32]。此外,使用RNA干擾減少的表達(dá)顯著增加了阿維菌素對棉鈴蟲致死率[24],CRISPR/Cas9介導(dǎo)的基因敲除顯著增加了甜菜夜蛾()對阿維菌素的敏感性[33]。這些結(jié)果說明包括二化螟在內(nèi)的多種昆蟲的參與了對阿維菌素的解毒代謝。
基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)受到多種作用因子的影響,如反式作用因子、順式作用元件等。反式作用因子也稱轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,是一類在細(xì)胞核內(nèi)與特異靶標(biāo)基因結(jié)合激活或抑制靶標(biāo)基因轉(zhuǎn)錄的DNA結(jié)合蛋白[34]。目前在昆蟲中已發(fā)現(xiàn)多種轉(zhuǎn)錄因子參與調(diào)控昆蟲解毒代謝基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá),如Cap ‘n’ collar isoform C(CncC)[8,35-36]。使用溴氰菊酯處理黑腹果蠅()胚胎細(xì)胞可誘導(dǎo)的表達(dá),并進(jìn)一步引起解毒代謝和抗氧化基因的上調(diào)表達(dá)從而增加細(xì)胞對殺蟲劑的解毒和耐受能力[37]。使用氯蟲苯甲酰胺或辛硫磷處理家蠶()均能引起CncC在mRNA和蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)水平發(fā)生變化,并引起下游解毒代謝基因的上調(diào)表達(dá)進(jìn)而增加P450和GST的酶活性[38-39]。斜紋夜蛾()中,可被茚蟲威誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)并通過參與調(diào)控多個解毒代謝基因的過表達(dá)介導(dǎo)斜紋夜蛾對茚蟲威的抗藥性[40]。本研究中,通過對5′端轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控區(qū)序列分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)多個轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點,其中包括5個Cnc::maf-S(即CncC)結(jié)合位點。此外,使用氯蟲苯甲酰胺處理顯著上調(diào)了在二化螟中的表達(dá)水平(未發(fā)表數(shù)據(jù))。這些結(jié)果說明可能受到轉(zhuǎn)錄因子CncC的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控,從而介導(dǎo)二化螟對殺蟲劑的解毒代謝。
二化螟由23個外顯子組成,編碼的蛋白質(zhì)具有ABC轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白家族典型的結(jié)構(gòu)特征。主要在幼蟲的前腸和重要解毒代謝組織中腸中高表達(dá),并且能夠被殺蟲劑氯蟲苯甲酰胺和阿維菌素誘導(dǎo)上調(diào)表達(dá),說明可能參與對氯蟲苯甲酰胺和阿維菌素的解毒代謝。5′端轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控區(qū)中含有多個轉(zhuǎn)錄因子CncC結(jié)合位點,可能對的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)具有重要作用。推測在殺蟲劑脅迫下二化螟可能通過CncC調(diào)控的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá),從而增加其對殺蟲劑的解毒代謝。
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Cloning and Analysis of P-glycoprotein gene and its transcriptional response to insecticide in
MENG Xiangkun, WU Zhaolu, YANG Xuemei, GUAN Daojie, WANG Jianjun
College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
【】Thewas cloned from, and the molecular characteristics and expression profiles ofwere analyzed. Transcriptional responses as well as the potential transcriptional regulation mechanism ofto two common used insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and abamectin) were also studied.【】The full length ofwas cloned fromusing the gene cloning technology. The molecular characteristics and the transcription factor binding sites in 5′ transcriptional regulatory region ofwere analyzed employing the bioinformatics technologies. Expression profiles ofin different stages and tissues of, and the transcriptional responses ofto different doses of chlorantraniliprole and abamectin treatment were determined using the real-time quantitative PCR.【】The full length ofcdna is 4 584 bp and consists of 23 exons. The encoding protein has 1 259 amino acids containing two transmembrane regions and two nucleotide binding domains and the typical structural features of ABC transporter family such as the Walker A, Walker B and D, H, P, Q-Loop which have important function in substrate transfer.was mainly expressed in larval stage of, especially in the 3rd and 4th instar larvae, whileshowed low expression levels in the pupal and adult stages. Analysis of the tissue expressions showed thatwas predominately expressed in the foregut and midgut, and had very low expression levels in other tissues including hindgut, fat body and malpighian tubule. No significant change ofexpression was found in the 3rd instar larvae ofafter treated with LC30and LC70of chlorantraniliprole for 12 and 24 h, respectively, when compared with the control groups. However, the expressions ofwere significantly up-regulated in larvae after treated with LC30of chlorantraniliprole for 36 h, while the expressions ofwere significantly down-regulated in larvae after treated with LC70of chlorantraniliprole for 36 h. In the 0.05 mg·L-1of abamectin treatment,was remarkably down-regulated at 12 h post-treatment, while the expressions ofwere not significantly changed at 24 and 36 h post-treatment, respectively. However,was significantly induced in larvae after treated with 0.15 mg·L-1of abamectin for 24 and 36 h, respectively. Sequence analysis of the 5′ transcriptional regulatory region ofshowed that multiple transcription factor binding sites were predicted in the 5′ transcriptional regulatory region of, including five potential CncC binding sites.【】was highly expressed in the midgut ofand could be induced by chlorantraniliprole and abamectin, which indicated thatmight involve in the detoxification metabolism of chlorantraniliprole and abamectin in. Multiple CncC binding sites were found in the 5′ transcriptional regulatory region ofwhich might have important regulatory effects on the expression of. It was speculated thatmight be regulated by transcription factor CncC and participated in the detoxification metabolism of chlorantraniliprole or abamectin whenwas exposed to chlorantraniliprole or abamectin.
; P-glycoprotein; molecular characteristic; insecticide induction; transcriptional regulation
10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.008
2021-02-06;
2021-02-27
國家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金(31701807)、江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金青年基金(BK20170491)
孟祥坤,E-mail:mxk@yzu.edu.cn。通信作者王建軍,E-mail:wangjj@yzu.edu.cn
(責(zé)任編輯 岳梅)