廖晉一 蘇濤
摘 要:生態(tài)環(huán)境是評價(jià)城市的重要指標(biāo),應(yīng)用遙感技術(shù)能夠快速準(zhǔn)確地對城市生態(tài)環(huán)境進(jìn)行評價(jià),為城市的環(huán)境規(guī)劃治理提供參考。本文利用生物豐度指數(shù)、植被覆蓋指數(shù)、水體指數(shù)、污染負(fù)荷指數(shù)和人類活動指數(shù)五項(xiàng)指數(shù)加權(quán)求和得到生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況指數(shù)(EI),以2013年與2016年的生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況指數(shù)定量描述合肥市的生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況。結(jié)果表明:研究區(qū)整體生態(tài)環(huán)境良好,平均EI值均大于60,生態(tài)優(yōu)良的區(qū)域占35%;位于中心城區(qū)的包河區(qū)、瑤海區(qū)、廬陽區(qū)、蜀山區(qū)平均EI值相對較低,周邊的巢湖市、長豐縣、肥西縣、肥東縣、廬江縣平均EI值較高;合肥市2016年的EI值較2013年有所下降,但整體變化不大。
關(guān)鍵詞:生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況指數(shù);GF-1/WFV;NPP/VIRS;PM2.5;合肥市
中圖分類號:X826;X87 ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A ? ? 文章編號:1003-5168(2021)21-0102-04
The Evaluation of the Ecological Environment Quality of Hefei based on the Index of Ecological Environment
LIAO Jinyi? ? SU Tao
(School of Spatial Information and Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan Anhui 232001)
Abstract: The ecological environment is an important index to evaluate the city. The application of remote sensing technology can quickly and accurately evaluate the urban ecological environment, and provide a reference for urban environmental planning and governance. In this paper, the ecological environment condition index (EI) obtained by weighted summation of five indexes, including biological abundance index, vegetation coverage index, water body index, pollution load index and human activity index. The ecological environment condition index (EI) in 2013 and 2016 used to quantitatively describes the ecological environment condition of Hefei city. The results shown that the overall ecological environment of the study area was very good, and the average of the EI values were more than 60, and 35% of the areas had excellent ecological environment. The average EI values of Baohe, Yaohai, Luyang and Shushan districts in the central urban area are relatively low, while those counties of Chaohu, Changfeng, Feixi, Feidong and Lujiang are relatively high. Compared with that in 2013, the EI value of Hefei in 2016 decreased, but the overall change was not significant.
Keywords: index of ecological environment; GF-1/WFV; NPP/VIRS; PM2.5; Hefei City
隨著近年來城市的不斷建設(shè)擴(kuò)張,生態(tài)環(huán)境問題變得越來越重要。對城市生態(tài)環(huán)境進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評估,了解生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況及掌握其變化規(guī)律,不僅有利于促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,而且對于城市生態(tài)文明建設(shè)具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和參考價(jià)值[1]。將遙感技術(shù)應(yīng)用于生態(tài)環(huán)境評價(jià)領(lǐng)域,不僅可以減少地面環(huán)境的影響,還具有觀測范圍廣、影像獲取周期短等特點(diǎn),近年來被廣泛采用。根據(jù)我國《生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況評價(jià)技術(shù)規(guī)范》(HJ 192—2015)[2],生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況評價(jià)利用一個(gè)綜合指數(shù)(生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況指數(shù),EI 指數(shù)),包括生物豐度指數(shù)、植被覆蓋指數(shù)、水網(wǎng)密度指數(shù)、土地脅迫指數(shù)、污染負(fù)荷指數(shù)5個(gè)分指數(shù)和一個(gè)環(huán)境限制指數(shù)[3]。本文參考前人研究并結(jié)合研究區(qū)的特點(diǎn),選擇了生物豐度指數(shù)、植被覆蓋指數(shù)、水體指數(shù)、人類活動指數(shù)和污染負(fù)荷指數(shù)來對合肥市的生態(tài)環(huán)境進(jìn)行評價(jià)。
1 研究區(qū)概況與數(shù)據(jù)源
1.1 研究區(qū)概況
合肥簡稱“廬”或“合”,為安徽省省會,是國務(wù)院批復(fù)確定的中國長三角城市群副中心城市和國家重要的科研教育基地、現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)基地和綜合交通樞紐[3]。地處北緯31°52′、東經(jīng)117°17′,截至2019年,全市下轄4個(gè)區(qū)、4個(gè)縣、代管1個(gè)縣級市,總面積11 445.1km2,建成區(qū)面積528.5km2,常住人口818.9萬人,城鎮(zhèn)化率76.33%。合肥位于中緯度帶,為亞熱帶季風(fēng)氣候,四季分明,氣候適中。年均氣溫為15.7 ℃,年均降水量約為1 000 mm,年日照時(shí)間約為2 000 h,年均無霜期228天,平均相對濕度為77%[4]。