崔世超 李雨宸 王澤華
摘 要:針對(duì)城市熱島效應(yīng)在一定程度上對(duì)城市空氣濕度、云量、降水和溫度產(chǎn)生的影響,通過(guò)遙感技術(shù),對(duì)山東省聊城市東昌府區(qū)的城市熱島效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了研究。首先,利用大氣校正法反演Landsat8的地表溫度;其次,根據(jù)差分序列將熱島效應(yīng)分為強(qiáng)綠島區(qū)域、綠島區(qū)域、正常區(qū)域、熱島區(qū)域和強(qiáng)熱島區(qū)域;最后,結(jié)合東昌府區(qū)下墊面的景觀格局進(jìn)行綜合分析。結(jié)果表明:東昌府區(qū)的城市熱島效應(yīng)非常顯著;強(qiáng)綠島區(qū)主要分布在研究區(qū)內(nèi)的水體部分,包括東昌湖和一些河流;城區(qū)內(nèi)的東昌湖降低了周邊地區(qū)的溫度,減弱了東昌府區(qū)城區(qū)的城市熱島效應(yīng)。
關(guān)鍵字:地表溫度反演;城市熱島效應(yīng);城市下墊面;大氣校正法
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TP79? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A ? ? 文章編號(hào):1003-5168(2021)21-0086-03
Study on Heat Island Effect in Dongchangfu District of Liaocheng City Based on Remote Sensing
CUI Shichao? ? LI Yuchen? ? WANG Zehua
(Institute of Geosciences and Mapping Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing),Beijing 100083)
Abstract:According to the influence of urban heat island effect on urban air humidity, cloud cover, precipitation and temperature to some extent, the urban heat island effect in Dongchangfu District of Liaocheng City, Shandong Province was studied by remote sensing technology. Firstly, the atmospheric correction method is used to retrieve the land surface temperature of Landsat8. Secondly, according to the difference series, the heat island effect is divided into strong green island region, green island region, normal region, heat island region and strong heat island region. Finally, the landscape pattern of the underlying surface in Dongchangfu District was analyzed comprehensively. The results show that the urban heat island effect is very significant in Dongchangfu District. The strong green island area is mainly distributed in the water parts of the study area, including Dongchang Lake and some rivers. Dongchang Lake in the city area reduces the temperature of the surrounding areas and weakens the urban heat island effect in Dongchang Prefecture.
Keywords:land surface temperature inversion; urban heat island effect; urban underlying surface; atmospheric correction method
城市熱島效應(yīng)是指城市中的氣溫明顯高于外圍郊區(qū)的現(xiàn)象。在近地面溫度圖上,郊區(qū)氣溫變化很小,而城區(qū)則是一個(gè)高溫區(qū),就像突出海面的島嶼[1],由于這種“島嶼”代表高溫的城市區(qū)域,所以就被形象地稱(chēng)為“城市熱島”。也稱(chēng)大氣熱污染現(xiàn)象,成因源人類(lèi)對(duì)原有自然下墊面的人為改造[2]。隨著當(dāng)今社會(huì)發(fā)展,城市規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,城市人口數(shù)量不斷增加,原有的城市下墊面改造日益加劇,城市熱島效應(yīng)對(duì)于人類(lèi)生產(chǎn)生活的影響越來(lái)越明顯,城市熱島效應(yīng)也日益受到關(guān)注。而遙感技術(shù)具備快速、全方位地獲得不同空間分辨率、多光譜信息的特征,已經(jīng)成為對(duì)城市熱島效應(yīng)影響因素監(jiān)測(cè)與分析的有用手段,是目前已有的城市熱島效應(yīng)研究方法中比較普遍的方法[3]。
1 研究區(qū)概況
東昌府區(qū)位于山東省西部,隸屬于山東省聊城市,區(qū)域內(nèi)包括7個(gè)鎮(zhèn)、5個(gè)街道、2個(gè)工業(yè)園區(qū),全區(qū)總面積829 km2。東昌府區(qū)屬于溫帶季風(fēng)氣候區(qū),年平均氣溫約13.1 ℃,年平均最高氣溫19.0 ℃,年平均最低氣溫8.4 ℃。東昌湖是我國(guó)長(zhǎng)江以北最大的人工城市淡水湖,總面積為5 km2。此外還有唐邑水庫(kù)和譚莊水庫(kù),以及徒駭河、京杭大運(yùn)河、馬頰河等河流流經(jīng),河網(wǎng)密布,有“江北水鄉(xiāng)·運(yùn)河古都”的美稱(chēng)。近年來(lái),聊城大力推進(jìn)公園綠地、道路綠地、單元庭院、住宅小區(qū)、湖水系統(tǒng)、生產(chǎn)綠地等城鄉(xiāng)綠化建設(shè),城市熱島效應(yīng)得到明顯的緩解。
2 城市熱島效應(yīng)提取