義新歐：讓“中國(guó)貨物”向西向西再向西

小城義烏，沒(méi)有北上廣高樓林立的氣派，也沒(méi)有蘇錫杭自然風(fēng)景的曼妙，卻吸引了全球目光。今年5月，各地第七次人口普查數(shù)據(jù)陸續(xù)發(fā)布，義烏常住人口十年凈增62.54萬(wàn)人，為185.94萬(wàn)，增長(zhǎng)50.68%，一躍成為浙江人口最多的縣級(jí)城市。義烏每年簽證超過(guò)180天的常駐外商就有1.3萬(wàn)人，每年采購(gòu)的外商超過(guò)50萬(wàn)人次。

早在秦代時(shí)，這里就已建縣，取名“烏傷”，在兩千多年的歷史中，“烏傷”這個(gè)名字一直默默無(wú)聞。然而，在最近的三十年中，這座叫義烏的小城卻搖身一變，成為全世界最大的小商品集散地。

義烏通過(guò)成千上萬(wàn)種商品，與世界聯(lián)系在一起。而這其中，“義新歐”貨運(yùn)班列，承載著中國(guó)的友好與哈薩克斯坦、吉爾吉斯斯坦等七個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)行貿(mào)易往來(lái)，不僅把中國(guó)的鐵路鋼材產(chǎn)能輸送出去，還帶動(dòng)了國(guó)家沿線(xiàn)和地區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)更深入的商業(yè)往來(lái)，并最終實(shí)現(xiàn)“共同富?！钡墓糙A局面。

馮旭斌是“義新歐”中歐班列運(yùn)營(yíng)方——天盟實(shí)業(yè)投資公司的掌舵者，作為唯一由民營(yíng)企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的中歐班列，“義新歐”干線(xiàn)貫穿“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”，將中國(guó)貨物西行的路線(xiàn)拓展到西班牙馬德里，并進(jìn)一步延伸到波羅的海沿岸。

從“義新歐”開(kāi)通至今，馮旭斌和中歐班列各方，強(qiáng)烈感受到的是，中歐班列的影響力越來(lái)越大，響應(yīng)并參與“一帶一路”倡議的國(guó)家和地區(qū)越來(lái)越廣泛，馮旭斌和天盟公司的未來(lái)發(fā)展思路也是越來(lái)越清晰。一開(kāi)始只是想要為義烏貨物西行打通一條新路，逐漸發(fā)展到服務(wù)“一帶一路”倡議，為中國(guó)和歐洲貿(mào)易建立一個(gè)平臺(tái)。

2010年，義新歐貿(mào)易服務(wù)集團(tuán)成立，天盟實(shí)業(yè)投資公司成為該集團(tuán)全資子公司。依托中歐班列，義新歐集團(tuán)編織出一條北半球的中歐貿(mào)易金絲帶。目前，義新歐已經(jīng)成為運(yùn)營(yíng)“義新歐”系列班列、場(chǎng)站運(yùn)營(yíng)、智慧倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、鐵路國(guó)際快件以及以中亞歐貿(mào)易供應(yīng)鏈為主的國(guó)際物流和貿(mào)易的綜合服務(wù)商。通過(guò)近十年的發(fā)展，義新歐在亞歐大陸的“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家和地區(qū)共設(shè)立了3個(gè)子公司和3個(gè)辦事處，現(xiàn)有國(guó)內(nèi)外員工140余人。

作為義新歐集團(tuán)的全資子公司，義烏市天盟實(shí)業(yè)投資有限公司承擔(dān)“義新歐”系列班列運(yùn)營(yíng)工作。集團(tuán)依托“世界小商品之都”義烏和包括浙江在內(nèi)的長(zhǎng)三角區(qū)域的中國(guó)制造、對(duì)外貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生的貨源為基礎(chǔ)，為上萬(wàn)家中外企業(yè)提供全球物流貿(mào)易服務(wù)。比如法國(guó)很多酒莊都是家族企業(yè)，沒(méi)有精力和實(shí)力進(jìn)入中國(guó)，憑借運(yùn)營(yíng)過(guò)程中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，做產(chǎn)品代理，一條班列可以養(yǎng)活歐洲幾百家家族企業(yè)。同時(shí)，利用中歐班列的品牌優(yōu)勢(shì)，和全球排名靠前的物流公司合作，未來(lái)“義新歐”品牌可以拓展空運(yùn)、海運(yùn)、汽車(chē)短駁物流，滿(mǎn)足不同客戶(hù)需求。

相較于其他省份舉一省之力扶持中歐班列的開(kāi)行，義烏的中歐班列完全由民營(yíng)企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)。目前“義新歐”中歐班列已基本實(shí)現(xiàn)不虧損，盈利也是指日可待。這其中的奧秘何在？

馮旭斌分析認(rèn)為，首先是天盟利用原有的國(guó)際貿(mào)易和物流優(yōu)勢(shì)，將貨物的國(guó)內(nèi)集結(jié)、國(guó)外配送都攬承下來(lái)，提供全供應(yīng)鏈服務(wù)，提高單箱效益。其次是業(yè)務(wù)創(chuàng)新，通過(guò)建立各地海外倉(cāng)，將中歐班列打造成一個(gè)貿(mào)易通道;三是多條線(xiàn)路運(yùn)行，使部分鐵路物流優(yōu)勢(shì)地區(qū)率先實(shí)現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)化，用盈利線(xiàn)路來(lái)補(bǔ)貼其他虧損線(xiàn)路，培育市場(chǎng)。

馮旭斌說(shuō)：“所謂市場(chǎng)化，最終目的是為中歐班列尋找和培養(yǎng)適合鐵路運(yùn)輸這一物流方式的貨主，這樣才能實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，而不是政府補(bǔ)貼下虛假的低運(yùn)價(jià)。”市場(chǎng)化的結(jié)果帶來(lái)真實(shí)的貿(mào)易增加，中歐班列開(kāi)行以來(lái)，義烏出入境方面數(shù)據(jù)顯示，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家到義烏市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)的數(shù)量明顯增加。

從躺著就能賺錢(qián)到殫精竭慮求發(fā)展，馮旭斌說(shuō)，公司作為“義新歐”中歐班列運(yùn)營(yíng)方，能為“一帶一路”倡議的有效落地作出貢獻(xiàn)，“這種榮譽(yù)感和幸福感，是做其他任何事都沒(méi)有辦法比的”。

如今，隨著“一帶一路”倡議獲得更廣范圍的認(rèn)同與更多合作的機(jī)會(huì)，義新歐中歐班列作為“試金石”中的一塊，正在賦予“一帶一路”倡議更多意義。

Without the magnificence of Beijing and Shanghai， devoid of the sceneries of Suzhou and Hangzhou， and much smaller in size， Yiwu city is nonetheless garnering no less global attention. Statistics show that of Yiwus population only 800，000 are native， while 1.437 million are from outside of Yiwu， including more than 13，000 foreign businesspeople permanently settling in the city.

In the Qin dynasty， a county named “Wushang” was already set up in this area. While “Wushang” had been little known over the past 2，000 years， in the past three decades， “Yiwu” has become the biggest small commodity center in the world.

One contributor that helps Yiwu closely connected with the other parts of the world is the China-Europe freight trains， which run through the Silk Road Economic Belt， bringing tens of thousands of Chinese products all the way to Madrid. In the process， trade has been further promoted， the infrastructure of developing countries along the Road has been improved， and “common prosperity” is being achieved.

“The China-Europe freight trains are more and more influential along the Belt and Road，” said Feng Xubin， who is at the helm of Yiwu Timex Industrial Investment， a private company and the operator of the China-Europe freight trains. “The loss incurred at the initial stage was quite heavy， which had to be made up for by the other businesses of the company， but the costs were reduced considerably with more customers， stable supplies of goods and regular operation of the trains.”

A Yiwu native， Feng has been doing business for many years. “I have many long-term clients，” Feng beamed. “Honestly， I can now make money without having to do anything.” But resting on past achievements is never in the blood of Yiwu people. Before the China-Europe freight trains started operation， many goods exported to Central Asia and Russia had to go through Ningbo to clear customs.

“I was thinking at the time why couldnt Yiwu just open an international rail line directly？” recalled Feng. With this question in mind， Feng began applying for such a route in 2010， which was officially approved in September 2012. And in April 2013， the first direct train from Yiwu to Central Asia was up and running.

An even more exciting piece of news for Feng Xubin was the official proposal from China in September 2013， to launch the Belt and Road Initiative. Soon afterwards， the Yiwu to Central Asian trains were incorporated and became the now commonly known China-Europe freight trains. On November 18， 2014， the first train carrying 82 containers of goods departed from Yiwu， travelling across Europe and arrived at Madrid.

“Yiwu has the worlds largest small commodity market， and Madrid has Europes largest，” said Lin Huihuan， general manager of Yiwu C.F International Logistics Co. Ltd. “The trains are truly connecting China， Asia and European continent.”

What started out as an attempt to open a new westward channel for Yiwus products is gradually developing into a China-Europe trade platform for the Belt and Road Initiative.