阿勒婭女王國際機(jī)場

業(yè)主單位：約旦哈希姆王國交通部

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：約旦安曼

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：福斯特建筑事務(wù)所

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：Buro Happold

面積：一期竣工100 000 平方米；二期竣工116 000 平方米；剩余面積約60 000 平方米

設(shè)計(jì)/建造：2005 / 2014 年

攝影：Nigel Young / 福斯特建筑事務(wù)所

Client: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Ministry of Transport

Location: Amman, Jordan

Architectural Design: Foster + Partners

Structural Engineer: Buro Happold

Area: 100 000 m2by completion of Phase 1; 116 000 m2completion of Phase 2 Existing terminal area is around 60 000 m2

Design / Completion: 2005 / 2014

Photography: Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

機(jī)場設(shè)計(jì)受到地方傳統(tǒng)的啟發(fā)，采取了一種被動(dòng)式設(shè)計(jì)手法，并基于靈活的模塊化解決方案，以此來保證未來機(jī)場的擴(kuò)張——新機(jī)場作為黎凡特地區(qū)的主要城市樞紐，將保障該地區(qū)在未來25 年內(nèi)年增長率6%的速度，至2030 年，地區(qū)人口將從350 萬增長至1200 萬。

鑒于安曼地區(qū)的氣候特征——夏季晝夜溫差極大，機(jī)場主要采用了混凝土的被動(dòng)式環(huán)境調(diào)控材料。棋盤格式的屋頂包含了一系列的淺混凝土穹頂，能夠拓展進(jìn)行遮陽，每個(gè)圓頂同時(shí)是一個(gè)模塊化的施工單元。整個(gè)圓頂順次排列開來，就像沙漠里的棕櫚樹樹葉，日光在葉子之間匯合，那里同時(shí)也是機(jī)場的梁架支柱。每個(gè)樹葉的紋理和幾何模式，都與伊斯蘭傳統(tǒng)形式相呼應(yīng)。整個(gè)復(fù)雜的屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)和制作策略由福斯特建筑事務(wù)所的幾何專家設(shè)計(jì)完成。

登機(jī)口位于中央大樓的兩側(cè)，中央大樓主要包含手續(xù)辦理區(qū)域、商店、休息室和餐廳。在這些區(qū)域，與該地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)土建筑相協(xié)調(diào)的露天庭院是設(shè)計(jì)中的一個(gè)重要環(huán)境策略：通過植物和樹木來凈化空間，同時(shí)間接的將自然光引入機(jī)場內(nèi)部。

航站樓能夠提供面朝停機(jī)坪的各個(gè)方向視野。水平的百葉窗能夠遮擋外部的直射陽光和消除炫光，百葉窗在暴露區(qū)域更加緊密的排列?；炷两Y(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合了當(dāng)?shù)氐牡[石，能夠減少維護(hù)需求和節(jié)約材料能源，并與自然砂石的色彩更加融合。

安曼是世界上最早有人居歷史的城市之一——機(jī)場設(shè)計(jì)特別注意了與當(dāng)?shù)貧v史、建筑特色的呼應(yīng)，尤其是穹頂，從空中來看，就像是黑貝都因人的流動(dòng)帳篷。這也與約旦好客的傳統(tǒng)相匹配——為了慶祝家族團(tuán)聚，而會(huì)在機(jī)場前廣場聚會(huì)，目前機(jī)場前廣場已經(jīng)被拓展為一個(gè)優(yōu)美的城市廣場，包含了樹木掩映下的座椅，這也在送別親人和迎接親人時(shí)，都可以在這里相聚。

Queen Alia International Airport continues the practice’s explorations of the airport terminalas a building type and sets out a vision for an environmentally sensitive, regionally apt,airport architecture. Designed to serve as the main gateway to Amman - one of the oldestcontinually inhabited cities in the world - its design resonates with a sense of place andlocal culture.Strategically the building secures Amman’s position as the main hub for theLevant Region.Logistically, it allows the airport to grow by 6 per cent per annum for thenext twenty-five years,increasing capacity from 3 million to 12 million passengers perannum by 2030.

In response to local building expertise and Amman’s climate, where summer temperaturesvary markedly between daytime and night time the building is constructed entirely fromconcrete, the high thermal mass of the material providing passive environmental control.The tessellated roof canopy comprises a series of shallow concrete domes, which extendto shade the facades. To enable seamless future expansion, each dome is a modular unit.

The domes branch out from the supporting columns like the leaves of a desert palm anddaylight floods the concourse through split beams at the column junctions. Echoing theveins of a leaf, a geometric pattern based on traditional Islamic forms is applied to eachexposed soffit.

The terminal is glazed on all sides to open up long views to the aircraft on the apron andaid orientation. Two piers of departure gates run along either side of the central building,which contains the main processing areas and shops, lounges and restaurants. Betweenthese volumes, open-air courtyards draw on vernacular Arabic architecture and contributeto the terminal’s environmental strategy: the plants and trees help to filter pollution andpre-condition the air before it is drawn into the air handling system. In celebration of thetradition for family groups to congregate at the airport, the forecourt has been enlarged tocreate a landscaped plaza with seating, shaded by trees, where people can gather to bidfarewell or welcome returning travellers.

剖面 Section