梵蒂岡教堂

建設(shè)單位：梵蒂岡教皇文化委員會(huì)

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：意大利威尼斯

設(shè)計(jì)單位：福斯特建筑事務(wù)所

合作單位：Francesco Magnani - Map Studio

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：Luigi Cocco

場(chǎng)地面積： 128 平方米

建筑體積： 278 立米

建筑高度：6.80 米

設(shè)計(jì)/建造：2017 / 2018 年

攝影：Nigel Young / 福斯特建筑事務(wù)所

Client: Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura, The Vatican

Location: Venice, Italy

Architect: Foster + Partners

Collaborating Architect: Francesco Magnani - Map Studio

Structural Engineer: Luigi Cocco

Site Area: 128 m2

選取2016年的7月～2018年的2月在我院治療的老年腦卒中患者94例作為研究對(duì)象，將其隨機(jī)分為延伸組和常規(guī)組，各47例。其中，延伸組男28例，女19例，年齡60～79歲，平均年齡（68.9±4.3）歲；對(duì)照組男29例，女18例，年齡60～80歲，平均年齡（69.3±4.6）歲。比較兩組一般資料，差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）。

Building Volume: 278 m3

Height: 6.80 m

Design / Completion: 2017 / 2018

Photography: Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

福斯特建筑事務(wù)所參與設(shè)計(jì)了羅馬教廷10 個(gè)小教堂中的一個(gè)，這是威尼斯建筑雙年展歷史上的首個(gè)梵蒂岡城參展建筑。

在2018 威尼斯建筑雙年展上，羅馬教廷的建筑首次代表梵蒂岡城出展。

該建筑設(shè)計(jì)由弗朗西斯科·達(dá)爾可主持，設(shè)計(jì)概念采用10 個(gè)臨時(shí)小教堂的形式，每個(gè)小教堂由不同的建筑師設(shè)計(jì)。福斯特建筑事務(wù)所參與設(shè)計(jì)了其中一個(gè)小教堂，教堂位于圣喬治馬喬雷威尼斯島一端的林地中。

小教堂由福斯特建筑事務(wù)所設(shè)計(jì)并由意大利泰克諾（Tecno）家具公司建造，其結(jié)構(gòu)體現(xiàn)了原始概念輕盈與優(yōu)雅的本質(zhì)。建筑由支撐觀景木臺(tái)的傾斜鋼板樓面結(jié)構(gòu)和由鋼制桅桿和橫臂組成的張拉整體結(jié)構(gòu)組成，由預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼索和較小的斜圓形空心截面進(jìn)行支撐?？梢?jiàn)的水平橫臂和垂直桅桿彼此分離，同時(shí)保持結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定。二者還共同作用形成了一個(gè)既能抵抗垂直重力荷載又能抵抗側(cè)向風(fēng)荷載的屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)。這一空間被一連串由落葉松制成的薄木板條包圍，跨越甲板和張拉整體結(jié)構(gòu)。該設(shè)計(jì)能夠讓斑駁的光影進(jìn)入到這一空間，同時(shí)具有遮光效果并界定這個(gè)教堂的輪廓。板條與張拉整體結(jié)構(gòu)之間的連接設(shè)計(jì)有獨(dú)立滑動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，以確保當(dāng)整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在風(fēng)荷載作用下發(fā)生移動(dòng)時(shí)板條不會(huì)超載。

總平面 Site Plan

Foster + Partners has designed one of the 10 chapels which will make up the Pavilions of the Holy See, the first Vatican City pavilion in the history of the Venice Architecture Biennale.

The Venice Architecture Biennale 2018 features the Pavilions of the Holy See representing the Vatican City for the first time.

Curated by Francesco Dal Co, the concept takes the form of 10 temporary chapels, each designed by a different architect. Foster + Partners has designed one of the chapels located in a wooded area at one end of the Venetian island of San Giorgio Maggiore.

The starting point for the chapel’s design concept was to take three symbolic crosses set in the landscape, draped with a tent-like membrane. As the design evolved, the crosses became a tensegrity structure of cables and masts, whilst the membrane developed into a wooden lattice work attached to the structure.

Engineered by Foster + Partners and built by Italian furniture company Tecno, the chapel structure reflects the lightness and ethereal nature of the original concept. It consists of a ramped steel floor structure that supports a timber deck and a tensegrity structure which is made up of steel masts and cross arms, braced by prestressed steel cables and small inclined circular hollow sections.The seenable horizontal cross-arms and vertical masts to be separated from one another while remaining structurally stable. Together, they create a roof structure capable of resisting both vertical gravity loads and lateral wind loads. The space is enclosed by a series of thin timber slats made from larch that span from the deck to the tensegrity structure. They allow dappled light to enter the space, while providing shade and defining the chapel’s volume. The connections between the timber slats and the tensegrity structure were designed to slide independently to ensure that the slats would not be overloaded when the entire structure moved under wind loads. Jasmine vines planted around the structure will climb onto it over time,softening its contours and releasing a gentle fragrance to enhance the sense of spiritual calm.

種植在結(jié)構(gòu)周?chē)能岳蚧ㄌ贂?huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移在其上蔓延生長(zhǎng)，柔化其輪廓，同時(shí)釋放出一種迷人的芳香，給人以心靈平靜的感覺(jué)。

“項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程從選址就開(kāi)始了。在參觀靠近帕拉迪奧教堂和Teatro Verde的圣喬治馬喬雷途中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)一片綠地，兩棵參天大樹(shù)玉立在環(huán)礁湖的景致中。那里就像大花園里的一片樂(lè)土，是冥想的好去處。我們的目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)小空間，斑駁的光影在其中分散開(kāi)來(lái)，不染凡塵，能夠望向遠(yuǎn)處的水面和天空——就像一個(gè)庇護(hù)所?！?/p>

“The project started with the selection of the site. On a visit to San Giorgio Maggiore, close to Palladio’s magnificent church and the Teatro Verde, I found a green space with two mature trees beautifully framing the view of the lagoon. It was like a small oasis in the big garden,perfect for contemplation. Our aim was to create a small space diffused with dappled shade and removed from the normality of passers-by, focused instead on the water and sky beyond - a sanctuary.”

? LAURIAN GHINITOIU

軸測(cè)圖 Axonometric view

長(zhǎng)剖面 Long section