Ｉｔ的用法歸納

左愛霞

研究2006-2007近兩年的高考試卷可以發(fā)現(xiàn)含it的句型年年考到。可見it句型的重要性和使用的普遍性。根據(jù)其用法特點(diǎn)可歸納為20個(gè)句型。

1．It is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that…

該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在It is之后,句子剩余的部分放在that之后。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人，that可以由who換用。如果把It is…that去掉后，剩余的應(yīng)該仍然是一個(gè)完整無缺的句子。這也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它從句的區(qū)分方法。

It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday.

2．It is not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that…

該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)調(diào)until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ)“直到……才……”，可以說是not…until…的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.

=I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

3．It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain…) that…

該句型中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句，常譯為“清楚（顯然，真的，可能,肯定……）”是主語(yǔ)從句中最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。

It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.

=That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.

4．It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural…) that…

該句型和上一句型屬同一個(gè)句型。由于主句中形容詞不同，that后的從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形），should可以省略。請(qǐng)記住該句型中的形容詞。

It is important that we (should) learn English well.

It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.

5．It is said (reported, learned…) that…

該句型中的it仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉……）”。

It is said that he has come to Beijing.

It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.

6．It is suggested (ordered…) that…

該句型和上一句型屬同一個(gè)句型。主句中的過去分詞如果表示請(qǐng)求，建議，命令等詞時(shí)，that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。常譯為“據(jù)建議；有命令……”）。

It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.

It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.

7．It is a pity (a shame…) that…

該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.

這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班，真是遺憾！

It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真是遺憾！

8．It is time (high time) that…

該句型中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，值得注意的是:

①常用過去時(shí)態(tài)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬。有時(shí)也用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略。

②用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)表示對(duì)過去的虛擬。常譯為“是（正是）……的時(shí)候”。

It is time that children should go to bed.

=It is time that children went to bed.

9．It is the first (second…) time that…

該句型要和上一句型區(qū)別開來。該句型中的that從句不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)。至于用什么完成時(shí)態(tài)，由主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定。如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，后面從句則用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中that可以省去；it有時(shí)用this替換。常譯為“是第一（二）……次……”。

It is the first time I have been here.

=This is the first time I have been here.

10．It is (has been)… since…

It is(has been)后是表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ),since后通常用一般過去式，since后從句如用短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作已開始了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了；since后從句如用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則表示動(dòng)作已結(jié)束了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句則用過去完成時(shí)。

It is (has been) 5 years since his father died. 他父親死了五年了。

It is (has been) 5 years since his father worked here.

他父親不在這里工作已五年了。

11．It is…when…

該句型中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的it指時(shí)間，表語(yǔ)由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。常譯為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，是……”。

It was 5 oclock when he came here.

12．It be…before…

該句型主句中的it指時(shí)間，主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是一般將來時(shí)或過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)，主句中的表語(yǔ)多是long, not long, 3 days, 2 weeks等表示時(shí)間段的詞或短語(yǔ)。常譯為“……之后……”或“不久……”。

It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.

It will be not long before he finishes his job.

13．It happens (seems, looks, appears) that…碰巧（看來，看起來……）

該句型中it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，主句中的happen, seem等詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。

It happened(so happened) that he met his teacher in the street.

It seems that he will be back in a few days.

14．It takes sb.…to do sth.

該句型中的不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)，句型中的直接賓語(yǔ)是時(shí)間。常譯為“做……花費(fèi)某人……”。

It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.

15．It is no good (use) doing sth.

該句型中的真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，主句中的表語(yǔ)可以是no good, (not any good), no use, (not any use)。

It is no good learning English without speaking English.

16．It doesnt matter whether (if)…

該句型中whether (if)引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)，該句型常譯為“不論（是否）……沒關(guān)系……”。

It doesnt matter if they are old.

17．It is kind (of sb.) to do sth.

該句型中的不定式短語(yǔ)是真正的主語(yǔ)，如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)特征的形容詞。常見的有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good（好心的）， honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice（有教養(yǎng)的）， polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong（錯(cuò)誤的）等。這個(gè)句型可以改寫為：sb. is kind to do sth.

It is kind of you to say so.=You are kind to say so.

18．It is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.

該句型與上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型。如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for引起的，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的形容詞。常見的形容詞有：

①important, necessary, natural ②easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant等。

在①中的形容詞作表語(yǔ)可以用從句改寫，如：

It is important for her to come to the party.

=It is important that she (should) come to the party.

19．It looks (seems) as if…

該句型中it無意義。as if引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。常譯為“看起來好象……”。如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）

It looks as if he were ill.（沒有生?。?/p>

It seemed as if he were dying.

20．We think it important to learn a foreign language.

該句型中的it作形式賓語(yǔ)。為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為“6123結(jié)構(gòu)”。

6指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；

1指的是形式賓語(yǔ)it；

2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞；

3指的是真正的賓語(yǔ)的三種形式：不定式短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.

He felt it important learning English well.

They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.

【練一練】：

1. ____ felt funny watching myself on TV.(2007全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)

A. One B. This C. It D. That

2. He didnt make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津卷)

A. this B. that C. it D. these

3. ——He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.

——When was ____?

——____ was in 2000 when he was still in college.(2007浙江卷)

A. that; ThisB. this; It C. it; That D. that; It

4. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ____.(2007安徽卷)

A. that used to be B. it is used to

C. it was used to D. it used to be

5. I dont mind her criticizing me, but ____ is how she does it that I object to.(2007江西卷)

A. it B. that C. this D. which

6. ——There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ____?

——No, Id rather buy ____ in the bookstore.(2007陜西卷)

A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it

7. ——Have you heard the latest news?(2007全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)

——No, what ____?

A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those

8. If I can help ____, I dont like working late into the night.

(2006全國(guó)卷)

A. so B. that C. it D. them

9. As the business woman in Norton, she made ____ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.(2006湖南卷)

A. this B. that C. one D. it

10. Id appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.(2006山東卷)

A. that B. it C. this D. you

11. ____ is of belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.(2006浙江卷)

A. As B. That C. This D. It

12. The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at meeting.(2005 全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)

A. that B. it C. this D. him

Key(3)