朱俊嶺
[摘要] 目的 觀察桂枝附子湯加味對膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(KOA)患者的臨床療效及安全性。 方法 選取2016年1月至2019年1月我院中醫(yī)科門診的60例KOA患者,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為治療組和對照組,每組各30例。治療組給予桂枝附子湯加味水煎服,對照組給予氨基葡萄糖片口服。兩組均以塞來昔布膠囊作為應(yīng)急用藥。治療前后分別評估兩組WOMAC骨關(guān)節(jié)炎指數(shù)、50 m行走后膝關(guān)節(jié)VAS評分、ESR、CRP。 結(jié)果 58例患者完成了研究,其中治療組30例,對照組28例。治療后治療組的總有效率為81.33%,明顯高于對照組的71.43%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后兩組50 m行走后膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分、WOMAC骨關(guān)節(jié)炎指數(shù)、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹VAS評分、關(guān)節(jié)壓痛VAS評分及ESR、CRP水平治療前相比均顯著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。治療后,治療組50 m行走后膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分、WOMAC骨關(guān)節(jié)炎指數(shù)、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹VAS評分和關(guān)節(jié)壓痛VAS評分均明顯低于對照組(P<0.05或P<0.01)。治療后,治療組ESR及CRP水平顯著低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療組副作用的發(fā)生率為3.33%,明顯低于對照組的10.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 桂枝附子湯加味能顯著改善KOA臨床癥狀、降低KOA外周血ESR和CRP水平,與氨基葡萄糖片相比具有更好的療效和安全性。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎;桂枝附子湯;氨基葡萄糖片;臨床療效
[中圖分類號] R684.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2021)03-0145-04
Clinical efficacy and safety of Guizhi Fuzi Decoction in treating knee osteoarthritis
ZHU Junling
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing? ?312030, China
[Abstract] Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Guizhi Fuzi Decoction on patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA). Methods A total of 60 KOA patients in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rheumatology in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2019 were divided into the treatment group and the control group according to a random number table, with 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was given Guizhi Fuzi Decoction plus flavored water for decoction, and the control group was given glucosamine tablets orally. Celecoxib capsules were used as emergency medication in both groups. Before and after treatment, the WOMAC osteoarthritis index, knee joint pain VAS score after 50 m walking, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein(CRP) of the two groups were evaluated. Results 58 patients completed the study, including 30 in the treatment group and 28 in the control group. The total effective rate in the treatment group after treatment was 81.33%, which was significantly higher than that of(71.43%) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). After treatment, the knee joint pain VAS score after 50 m walking, WOMAC osteoarthritis index, joint swelling VAS score, joint tenderness VAS score and ESR, CRP between the treatment group and the control group were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment, the knee joint pain VAS score after 50 m walking, WOMAC osteoarthritis index, joint swelling VAS score and joint tenderness VAS score in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment, the ESR and CRP levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group,with significant difference(P<0.05). The total incidence of side effects in the treatment group was 3.33%,significantly lower than that of 10.00% in the control group, with significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusion Guizhi Fuzi Decoction can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of KOA, reduce the levels of ESR and CRP in peripheral blood of KOA, and has better efficacy and safety than glucosamine tablets.
[Key words] Knee osteoarthritis;Guizhi Fuzi Decoction;Glucosamine tablets; Clinical effect
膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(Knee osteoarthritis,KOA)是一種以關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)軟骨變性、丟失及骨質(zhì)增生改變?yōu)橹鞯穆躁P(guān)節(jié)炎癥疾病,多見于中老年人[1]。臨床癥狀常見關(guān)節(jié)疼痛、僵硬、腫大、畸形以及功能障礙[2]。KOA通常會導(dǎo)致患下肢行走時對齊異常,從而加重已有的癥狀[3]。髖關(guān)節(jié)、膝關(guān)節(jié)和踝關(guān)節(jié)對齊的改變可以影響膝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)發(fā)生的負(fù)荷[4-6]。在站立階段,KOA引起的膝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)收力矩的增加會導(dǎo)致受影響區(qū)域承受進(jìn)一步的負(fù)荷,從而導(dǎo)致更多的骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎、疼痛和活動能力的降低[7-9]。本研究旨在探討桂枝附子湯加味治療KOA的臨床療效,從而進(jìn)一步探討其臨床應(yīng)用的可行性,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2016年1月至2019年1月我院中醫(yī)科門診的60例KOA患者,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為治療組和對照組,每組各30例。治療組男12例,女18例;年齡 20~50歲,平均(56.13±5.26)歲;病程3個月至9年,平均(5.76±4.05)年;發(fā)病部位單膝9例,雙膝21例。對照組男10例,女20例;年齡18~51歲,平均(55.87±4.01)歲;病程4個月至11年,平均(6.23±4.11)年;發(fā)病部位單膝11例,雙膝19例。兩組患者性別、年齡、病程及發(fā)病部位等一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
西醫(yī)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):參照“骨關(guān)節(jié)炎診療指南”[10]中相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。①近1個月內(nèi)膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛反復(fù)發(fā)作;②膝關(guān)節(jié)X線片顯示關(guān)節(jié)間隙變窄、軟骨下骨硬化及(或)關(guān)節(jié)緣骨贅形成;③關(guān)節(jié)液顯示清亮、黏稠,檢查顯示W(wǎng)BC<2000個/mL;④中老年患者(≥40歲);⑤晨僵≤30 min;⑥膝關(guān)節(jié)活動時伴有骨摩擦音(感)。結(jié)合以上臨床、實驗室檢查及X線片檢查綜合判定,符合①、②兩條,或①、③、⑤、⑥四條,或①、④、⑤三條,即可確診骨關(guān)節(jié)炎。
中醫(yī)診斷及辨證標(biāo)準(zhǔn):參照《中醫(yī)病證診斷療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》[11]辨證為肝腎虧虛型。表現(xiàn)為關(guān)節(jié)隱痛,腰膝酸軟,膝關(guān)節(jié)活動不利,伴頭暈耳鳴、神疲乏力,舌淡紅,苔薄白,脈沉細(xì)或弱。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡40~70歲,性別不限;符合以上診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);研究開始前至少4周內(nèi)未接受氨基葡萄糖類、非甾體類 抗炎藥等治療;本研究通過紹興市中心醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),患者自愿簽署知情同意書。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并其他風(fēng)濕性疾病,同時需要甲氨蝶呤、來氟米特、沙利度胺、糖皮質(zhì)激素等治療者;妊娠及哺乳期婦女;合并心、肝、腎等器質(zhì)性疾病以及精神病者。
脫落標(biāo)準(zhǔn):未按研究要求規(guī)范治療者;在治療過程中出現(xiàn)明顯的副作用,且1周內(nèi)未能自行恢復(fù)者。
1.2 方法
治療組給予桂枝附子湯加味(藥物組成:桂枝10 g,制附子10 g,炙甘草6 g,黃芪15 g,骨碎補15 g,杜仲10 g,續(xù)斷15 g,桑寄生10 g,三七3 g,防風(fēng)10 g,澤蘭12 g,炒薏苡仁30 g,生姜10 g,大棗10 g)水煎服,每日1劑。對照組給予氨基葡萄糖片(江蘇正大清江制藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20060647)口服,每次0.75 g,每日2次,餐中服。
在治療過程中患者膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛加重,50 m行走后膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛視覺模擬評分法(Visual analogue scale,VAS)評分>4分時同時服用塞來昔布膠囊(輝瑞制藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20070325)200 mg,bid,口服。待膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分≤4分后即停止使用。單次服用塞來昔布膠囊時間>3 d則認(rèn)定為治療失敗。兩組療程均為30 d。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
治療前后分別評估兩組WOMAC骨關(guān)節(jié)炎指數(shù)[12]、50 m行走后膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分[13]、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹VAS評分、關(guān)節(jié)壓痛VAS評分、紅細(xì)胞沉降率(Erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)及CRP。
療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照《中藥新藥臨床研究指導(dǎo)原則》[14]。臨床控制:膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛、腫脹及關(guān)節(jié)積液消失,關(guān)節(jié)活動恢復(fù)正常,療效指數(shù)≥95%;顯效:膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛、腫脹基本消失,關(guān)節(jié)活動接近正常,70%≤療效指數(shù)<95%;有效:膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛明顯緩解,膝關(guān)節(jié)輕度腫脹,關(guān)節(jié)活動受限范圍在正常值的50%以下,30%≤療效指數(shù)<70%;無效:膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛、積液,關(guān)節(jié)活動與治療前比較無明顯變化,療效指數(shù)<30%。療效指數(shù)=(治療前綜合評分-治療后綜合評分)/治療前綜合評分×100%??傆行?(臨床控制+顯效+有效)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%。
治療前后兩組患者分別先后兩次檢測血、尿、大便常規(guī)及肝腎功能,并記錄兩組副作用的發(fā)生情況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0 統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗;計量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組一般情況比較
治療組30例均完成治療,實際納入30例;對照組30例中,其中因胃腸道反應(yīng)1例及心悸1例而退出,實際納入28例。因疼痛加重,治療組6例服用塞來昔布膠囊,對照組12例服用塞來昔布膠囊,兩組均無連續(xù)應(yīng)用塞來昔布膠囊超過3 d者,對照組的應(yīng)急用藥率為(42.86%),明顯高于治療組的20.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=5.410,P<0.01)。
2.2 兩組患者臨床療效比較
治療組治療后的總有效率為81.33%,顯著高于對照組的71.43%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.3 兩組治療前后各指標(biāo)比較
兩組患者治療前各指標(biāo)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后治療組50 m行走后膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分、WOMAC骨關(guān)節(jié)炎指數(shù)、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹VAS評分、關(guān)節(jié)壓痛VAS評分、ESR和CRP均較治療前明顯降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。治療后對照組50 m行走后膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分、WOMAC骨關(guān)節(jié)炎指數(shù)、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹VAS評分、關(guān)節(jié)壓痛VAS評分、ESR和CRP較治療前明顯降低(P<0.05)。治療后治療組50 m行走后膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分、WOMAC骨關(guān)節(jié)炎指數(shù)、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹VAS評分、關(guān)節(jié)壓痛VAS評分、ESR和CRP均明顯低于對照組(P<0.05或P<0.01)。見表2。
2.4 兩組患者副作用的發(fā)生情況比較
治療組中有1例患者出現(xiàn)副作用,表現(xiàn)為皮疹,繼續(xù)治療1周后皮疹癥狀自主消失。對照組中有3例患者出現(xiàn)副作用,包括胃腸道反應(yīng)2例,心悸1例;其中胃腸道反應(yīng)1例及心悸1例退出治療,另外胃腸道反應(yīng)1例治療1周后癥狀自主緩解。治療組副作用的發(fā)生率為3.33%(1/30),明顯低于對照組的10.00%(3/30),差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=6.227,P<0.05)。
3 討論
骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(Osteoarthritis,OA)是關(guān)節(jié)炎最常見的形式,其特點是關(guān)節(jié)疼痛和僵硬,導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)功能下降,影響患者生活質(zhì)量[15-16]。由于人口老齡化和肥胖人群增加,OA的發(fā)病率逐年上升[17]。KOA由于膝關(guān)節(jié)的負(fù)重特性,是臨床最常見發(fā)生的OA,在50歲以上的人群中非常普遍[18]。目前藥物治療采用常見的抗炎止痛類及營養(yǎng)關(guān)節(jié)類藥物??寡字雇搭惏ǚ晴摅w類抗炎藥及COX-Ⅱ抑制劑,但常見胃腸、肝腎功能損害及受心血管副作用的影響[19-21]。氨基葡萄糖、軟骨素類營養(yǎng)關(guān)節(jié)藥物可以改善癥狀,但起效緩慢[22-23]。
KOA屬于中醫(yī)學(xué)“痹證”、“鶴膝風(fēng)”及“骨痹”等范疇。肝腎虧虛是KOA病變發(fā)生的根本。其外因是風(fēng)寒濕邪侵襲,其內(nèi)因是肝腎虧虛、疏泄、藏血功能失司,出現(xiàn)瘀血。瘀血是病理產(chǎn)物,外邪與內(nèi)瘀日久致虛,相互為患,膠著而致病情纏綿難愈[24]。羅天益《衛(wèi)生寶鑒》載:“老年腰膝久痛,牽引少腹兩足,不堪步履,奇經(jīng)之脈,隸于肝腎為多”,提示腎主骨生髓,為先天之本,如腎精不足,骨髓空虛,則可致腿足萎弱無力而不能行走。故治療上以補益肝腎為主,兼以祛風(fēng)散寒除濕。
本研究選用桂枝附子湯治療該證。桂枝附子湯出自《傷寒論》,具有調(diào)和營衛(wèi),扶陽固表之功效。本研究根據(jù)KOA肝腎虧虛之特點,將桂枝附子湯加味化裁組方。方中桂枝發(fā)汗解表, 調(diào)和營衛(wèi),助陽化氣,溫經(jīng)通脈為君藥;附子溫中回陽, 散寒止痛,附子與桂枝配伍, 加強散寒除濕, 溫陽除痹之功[25],為臣藥。黃芪補氣消腫,骨碎補、杜仲、續(xù)斷、桑寄生補益肝腎,三七活血化瘀、通絡(luò)止痛。防風(fēng)、生姜祛風(fēng)散寒,澤蘭利水消腫,炒薏仁健脾利濕,大棗顧護(hù)脾胃,共為佐藥。甘草調(diào)和諸藥,為使藥。諸藥合之,標(biāo)本兼治,共奏補益肝腎、祛風(fēng)散寒除濕、通絡(luò)止痛之功。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,桂枝附子湯加味治療后,治療組的總有效率明顯高于對照組(P<0.05),同時治療組50 m行走后膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分、WOMAC骨關(guān)節(jié)炎指數(shù)、關(guān)節(jié)壓痛VAS評分和關(guān)節(jié)腫脹VAS評分均較治療前明顯降低(P<0.05),提示桂枝附子湯加味治療可以減輕KOA患者的臨床癥狀,提高患者生活質(zhì)量。這種臨床效果可能與桂枝附子湯加味補益肝腎、祛風(fēng)散寒除濕、通絡(luò)止痛的功效相關(guān),因為根據(jù)中醫(yī)藥理論,風(fēng)邪、寒邪、濕邪及肝腎虧虛是KOA發(fā)病的主要病理因素。同時,治療后治療組的50 m行走后膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分、WOMAC骨關(guān)節(jié)炎指數(shù)、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹VAS評分和關(guān)節(jié)壓痛VAS評分明顯低于對照組(P<0.05),且治療組治療后ESR及CRP水平顯著低于對照組(P<0.05)。治療組副作用的發(fā)生率為3.33%(1/30),明顯低于對照組的10.00%(3/30),差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。提示桂枝附子湯加味治療KOA患者在緩解癥狀和降低炎癥指標(biāo)及副作用方面明顯優(yōu)于氨基葡萄糖片,值得臨床推廣。
綜上所述,桂枝附子湯加味在KOA的治療中可以改善臨床癥狀,無明顯不良反應(yīng)。同時,桂枝附子湯加味可以減輕KOA炎癥反應(yīng)的水平,這可能與其抑制炎癥細(xì)胞因子作用相關(guān)。桂枝附子湯加味的療效優(yōu)于氨基葡萄糖片,且副作用少,值得臨床推廣使用。
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(收稿日期:2020-10-18)