Module 3 The Violence of Nature

詞匯短語(yǔ)園地

1. experience? n.? 經(jīng)歷;體驗(yàn);感受;遭受

vt.? 經(jīng)歷;通過親身經(jīng)歷認(rèn)識(shí)到;體驗(yàn)到

（1） vt.? 經(jīng)歷;體驗(yàn)，后面常接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。

Have you ever experienced real hunger？

你體驗(yàn)過真正的饑餓嗎？

Our country has experienced great changes in the past ten years.

在過去的十年里，我們的國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化。

（2） n.? 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)歷的事（可數(shù)）;

經(jīng)驗(yàn);體驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)），其后常跟介詞in。

a common experience? 共同的經(jīng)歷

childhood experiences? 兒時(shí)的經(jīng)歷

I have an unusual experience.

我有一段不尋常的經(jīng)歷。

She has no experience in cooking.

她沒有下廚的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

I know it from experience.

我根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)了解此事。

（3） experienced? adj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的;熟練的，常與in，at連用。

She has become quite experienced at/in teaching primary school students.

她教小學(xué)生已經(jīng)很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。

2. cause? vt.? 引起;導(dǎo)致

n.? 原因;起因

The childs headache may be caused by stress.

那孩子的頭痛可能是壓力引起的。

Im sorry to have caused you so much inconvenience.

給你造成的諸多不便，我很抱歉。

These causes led to a bad result.

這些原因?qū)е铝瞬涣嫉暮蠊?/p>

I dont think you have cause to worry.

我認(rèn)為你沒有擔(dān)心的理由。

比較：cause，excuse，reason的區(qū)別

（1） cause指造成某現(xiàn)象、某結(jié)果的直接原因，常與effect連用。

Can you tell me the cause and effect of it？

你能不能告訴我它的前因后果？

（2） excuse多指借口，用來推卸責(zé)任。

I will not listen to any excuse.

我不會(huì)聽任何借口。

（3） reason指通情達(dá)理、合乎情理地解釋某事或某現(xiàn)象的理由。

My reason is that the cost will be too high.

我的理由是費(fèi)用會(huì)很高。

3. occur? vi.? 發(fā)生

I hope this wont occur again.

我希望不要再發(fā)生這種事情。

比較：occur，take place，happen，break out的區(qū)別

（1） occur是比較正式的用語(yǔ)，可用于具體或抽象的事件，在表示具體的事件時(shí)，可與happen換用。

Im afraid that this would occur during my absence.

= Im afraid that this would happen during my absence.

恐怕這事會(huì)在我不在時(shí)發(fā)生。

但是，如果表示“某想法”出現(xiàn)在人的頭腦之中，這時(shí)不能用happen代替。

Just then a bright idea occurred to me.

那時(shí)，我想到一個(gè)好主意。

（2） take place通常指某事按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或發(fā)生。

The Olympic Games of 2016 took place in Rio de Janeiro.

2016年奧運(yùn)會(huì)在里約熱內(nèi)盧舉行。

（3） happen常指具體事件的發(fā)生，特別指那些偶然的或未能預(yù)見的“發(fā)生”。happen還可表示“碰巧;恰好”之意。

New things are happening all around us.

我們身邊總有新鮮事發(fā)生。

It happened that I had no money on me.

我剛好沒錢了。

（4） break out表示戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病、爭(zhēng)吵等的爆發(fā)。

A big fire broke out last night.

昨晚發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)。

4. strike? v.? 打;擊;撞;觸（礁）;（鐘）敲響;擦

（火柴）;打動(dòng)（常用被動(dòng)）;感動(dòng);突然想到

strike sb on the+身體部位，意為“打某人的某處”。

strike a match? 劃火柴

A stone struck me on the head.

一塊石頭打中了我的頭。

The boat struck on a rock.

小船觸礁了。

The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country.

游客們被這鄉(xiāng)村的美麗打動(dòng)了。

A good idea struck the manager.

經(jīng)理想到了一個(gè)好主意。

strike a blow? 打……一拳;擊中

strike against（碰）撞在上面

strike at? 向……打去/襲去

strike down? 把……打倒在地;打死

strike off? 打掉;砍掉

5. damage? n. & v.? 損失;損害

It is estimated that the damage is over one million dollars.

據(jù)估計(jì)，損失超過了一百萬美元。

The boys skirted the field so as not to damage the crops.

為了不損害莊稼，孩子們繞著田走。

比較：destroy，damage，ruin的區(qū)別

（1） destroy指“徹底毀壞以致不能或很難修復(fù)”。

The school was completely destroyed by fire.

學(xué)校被大火徹底燒毀了。

（2） damage指“價(jià)值、用途降低或外表?yè)p壞”等，不一定全部破壞，為不可數(shù)名詞。

They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.

他們?cè)O(shè)法修復(fù)了受到破壞的房子。

（3） ruin現(xiàn)在多用于比喻中，泛指一般的“毀壞”。

Youll ruin your chance of getting that job if you wear that shirt for the interview！

你如果穿那件襯衫面試，就會(huì)斷送得到工作的機(jī)會(huì)！

6. warning? n.? 警告;警示

give （a） warning? 發(fā)出警告;事前通知

Let this be a warning to you.

希望這件事能成為你的警戒。

I had no warning of the danger.

我事先沒有收到危險(xiǎn)的警告。

warn? v. 事前告訴（可能發(fā)生的事）;使警惕

warn against? 讓……提防……

warn about/of...? 提醒、警告某人注意……

warn off? 讓不去;讓別做

7. pick up? 卷起;掀起;拾起;扶起（某人）;收

拾;（車船）中途搭（人）;學(xué)會(huì)

The boy picked up the hat for the old man.

男孩替老人拾起了帽子。

Grandma Li fell down onto the ground and I ran to pick her up at once.

李奶奶跌倒在地，我趕緊跑過去扶她。

You should pick up the tools after work.

工作結(jié)束后你應(yīng)該把工具收拾好。

The bus picks up commuters at three stops.

公共汽車在三個(gè)站載送通勤者。

Where did you pick up your English？

你在哪兒學(xué)的英語(yǔ)？

8. take off? 去掉;脫掉;起飛;減去;取消;移開;

突然開始成功;開始走紅;休假

Helens taking off her coat because it is too hot in the room.

海倫脫去上衣，因?yàn)槲堇锾珶崃恕?/p>

The plane took off so smoothly that the passengers could hardly feel it.

飛機(jī)起飛得非常平穩(wěn)，旅客幾乎感覺不出來。

Your good news has taken a load off my mind.

你的好消息卸下了我心頭的一塊石頭。

9. end up? 結(jié)果為……;以……結(jié)束

I ended up doing all the work myself.

結(jié)果所有的活兒都是我一個(gè)人干了。

end up with和end up in都意為“以……結(jié)束”，with指以某種方式結(jié)束，in后跟的是結(jié)果。

If you do that， youll end up with egg on your face.

你要是做那件事，必將以恥辱告終。

If you continue to steal， youll end up in prison.

你要是繼續(xù)行竊，終歸得進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。

10. set fire to? 放火（焚燒）;激起;使激憤

He set fire to his doormat to make the police take what he was saying more seriously.

他把門墊點(diǎn)燃，是為了讓警察能把他說的當(dāng)回事兒。

I believe the house was deliberately set fire to.

我認(rèn)為有人蓄意放火燒這棟房子。

The conversation set fire to his dreams.

談話激發(fā)了他的夢(mèng)想。

Their action set fire to public opinion.

他們的行動(dòng)激起輿論。

11. catch fire? 著火

She was standing too close to the fireplace and her dress caught fire.

她站得離壁爐太近了，因此衣服燒著了。

His house caught fire last night.

昨晚他家失火了。

12. put out? 撲滅（火）;熄滅;伸出

Put out the fire before going to bed.

睡覺之前先熄掉火。

Its dangerous to put out your hand now.

現(xiàn)在你把手伸出去很危險(xiǎn)。

13. in all? 總共;總計(jì)

We are fifty in all.

我們總共五十人。

There are fifteen books on the first shelf， twenty-one on the second， which makes thirty-six in all.

書架的第一層有15本書，第二層有21本，總共是36本。

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A

Two university students from the UK， 26-year-old Daniel， a financial tech worker， and James Moynihan， a 27-year-old ship entertainer， wanted to see if they could survive in a tough jungle （叢林） with only limited supplies and a couple of cloth covering them.

Their plan was to spend three weeks camping in the Kuantan rainforest， in Malaysia， but the challenge quickly proved much harder than they had expected. Within hours of setting up camp， they almost ran out of water and while they eventually overcame that problem， they still had to stand mosquitoes and extreme hunger. The trip， which lasted 16 days， had to come to an end after Daniel cut his hand. The pair lost 46 pounds between them during their adventure.

Back in Kuala Lumpur， the English friends spent several days recovering and were crazy about high-calorie snacks like burgers， pizza and cookies before flying back to the UK. Despite all the hardships they faced， including constant shivering （顫抖） during thunderstorms and hundreds of mosquito bites， the pair still thought their adventure was worth it.

“It is scary at times， especially when you go to sleep at night. As you all know， a snake might get in your shelter and then you might not wake up the next morning，” Londoner Daniel said. “You can really step on a snake at any point and not know it. You realize this is how fools die in the wild and are never found.”

“Everyone will face the life-and-death situation， but its normally not planned. And most people wont choose to put themselves in that situation，” James Moynihan said. “We have， and we can tell you that Malaysia is the most awarding bet weve ever taken because now we can say we have felt what its like to have lived.”

1. Why did Daniel and James go to the Kuantan rainforest？

A. To relax themselves.

B. To carry out a diet plan.

C. To see the scenery in the jungle.

D. To test their ability to survive in the wild.

2. What words can best describe the two mens life in the Kuantan rainforest？

A. Hard and adventurous.

B. Exciting and unforgettable.

C. Special and relaxing.

D. Funny and challenging.

3. What do James Moynihans words imply？

A. They had realized their dream.

B. They hadnt prepared well for the trip.

C. They didnt regret having the adventure.

D. They encouraged people to visit Malaysia.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A. An Adventure in the Jungle

B. Great Friendship in the Jungle

C. There Is Always a Risk of Making a Bet

D. How to Face the Life-and-death Situation

B

A typical lion tamer （馴獸師） in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip （鞭） and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention， but its mostly for show. In reality， its the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face， the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided， the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many choices， the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.

How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion？ How often do you have something you want to achieve—only to end up confused by all of the choices in front of you and never make progress？

This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which choice is best， the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things， and so we take less action， make less progress， and stay the same when we could be improving.

It doesnt have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face， remember this： All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.

5. Why does the lion tamer use a chair？

A. To trick the lion. B. To show off his skills.

C. To get ready for a fight. D. To entertain the audience.

6. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair？

A. They feel confused over choices.

B. They hold on to the wrong things.

C. They find it hard to make changes.

D. They have to do something for show.

7. What does the author feel about the experts mentioned in

Paragraph 3？

A. Worried. B. Doubtful.

C. Respectful. D. Supportive.

8. When you find the world “waving a chair in your face”， youre advised to .

A. wait for a better chance B. ask for clear guidance

C. break your old habits D. take action quickly

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

Jackson lived on top of the hill. From his house， he could see the sea and the village1 . One day， the villagers2something different about the sea. The sea seemed to be moving from the3 . None of the villagers knew what was happening.

Jackson understood what was going on. He had seen such a（n）4when he was young. A tsunami （海嘯） was approaching and the villagers had to be5but there was no time to send a message to the whole village.

“Tom！” he called out to his grandson. “ 6a torch （火把） quickly！” The boy did what he was told. Jackson took the torch and set his7on fire. Immediately， red8shot upwards and thick smoke rose into the sky.

Tom cried out， “Grandfather！ Why are you setting our house on fire？” Jackson did not answer.9 ， he stood quietly and watched the villagers.10 ， some villagers noticed the11and shouted at everyone to run up the hill to help put out the fire. When Jackson saw everyone running towards him， he was so12 . The villagers did their best but they13to control the fire. Jacksons house was completely burned down but he stood on the hill14 . They thought Jackson had gone15 . They stared at him in disbelief.

Finally， Jackson said， “ 16toward the sea.” The villagers turned and saw a huge17of water rushing towards the village. They were18to see the water swallowing （淹沒） the whole village and19everything in its path.

Nothing was left of their homes but everyone was20 on the hill. The villagers realized why Jackson had set fire to his house.

1. A. above B. through C. below D. off

2. A. recognized B. noticed C. designed D. expected

3. A. land B. hill C. sky D. village

4. A. scene B. chance C. alarm D. plot

5. A. found B. punished C. taught D. warned

6. A. Borrow B. Hold C. Light D. Buy

7. A. boat B. house C. clothes D. trees

8. A. balls B. candles C. signs D. flames

9. A. Instead B. However C. Besides D. Therefore

10. A. Suddenly B. Normally C. Actually D. Quietly

11. A. torch B. boy C. sea D. fire

12. A. frightened B. confused C. happy D. crazy

13. A. managed B. refused C. wished D. failed

14. A. crying B. jumping C. shouting D. laughing

15. A. hungry B. mad C. blind D. thirsty

16. A. Look B. Wave C. Head D. Return

17. A. drop B. level C. bottle D. wall

18. A. embarrassed B. disappointed

C. shocked D. amused

19. A. impressing B. destroying

C. approaching D. influencing

20. A. safe B. worried C. helpless D. awake

語(yǔ)法填空

In an effort to raise awareness （意識(shí)） of earthquake preparedness， the Department of Homeland Securitys Federal Emergency Management Agency （FEMA）1the Ad Council have partnered with Warner Bros2（start） a new series of public service advertisements （PSAs）. They are featuring scenes from the action thriller， San Andres， which stars Dwayne Johnson.

“ 3a father， I always regard safety as a top of mind issue for me，” said Dwayne Johnson. “That is why Im4（pride） to partner with FEMA and the Ad Council， to make sure as many people as possible know5to do in the event of an earthquake.”

6（create） freely by Warner Bros， for the Ad Council， the PSAs include English language TV and radio advertising. They use scenes from the feature film， San Andres， to amplify （放大） earthquake safety awareness and educate audiences on three7（step） to take if an earthquake8（strike）： “Drop， Cover and Hold on.”

“Earthquakes can occur anywhere in the US without?9（warn），” said FEMA Administrator. “The PSA provides earthquake safety tips that are vital （至關(guān)重要的） to preparing yourself and your family to react10（quick）， which will save lives.”

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A

Bad news sells. If it bleeds， it leads. No news is good news， and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored （跟蹤調(diào)查） in different ways， researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts， scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The ‘if it bleeds rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger， a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends， you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails， Web posts and reviews， face-to-face conversations—found that it tended （傾向于） to be more positive than negative， but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things？ To test for that possibility， Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories： thousands of articles on The New York Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny， but not articles that left them merely sad. They preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article， the more likely it was to be shared， as Dr Berger explains in his new book， Contagious： Why Things Catch On.

1. What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to？

A. News reports. B. Research papers.

C. Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations.

2. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer？

A. Theyre socially inactive.

B. Theyre good at telling stories.

C. Theyre thoughtless of others.

D. Theyre careful with their words.

3. Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr Bergers research？

A. Sports news. B. Science articles.

C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide

B. Online News Attracts More People

C. Reading Habits Change with the Times

D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks

B

More and more people have been reported to be attacked （襲擊） by sharks in Hawaii specifically in Maui. Researchers from the Land and Natural Resources Department of Hawaii carried out a study to find out the reason behind the alarming increase of these incidents and came up with various explanations.

In order to keep track and record the data on the behavior and activities of sharks living around Oahu and Maui islands and open seas， some tiger sharks were tagged （貼標(biāo)簽） and monitored. Tech Times reported that Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology （HIMB） headed by Charles Meyer found a trend on the locations where sharks prefer to stay. They found that these sharks preferred waters rich in coral reefs （珊瑚礁） filled with foods for them.

Another contributing factor to higher visibility of sharks on waters usually visited by humans is the global warming. Since temperature on the sea floor increased faster than the previous years， sharks tend to find and stay in places where humans also find comfortable.

Humans may also be to blame for the rise in shark attack incident increase， as people tend to stay longer in the ocean nowadays. Man also engages in a lot of activities in the ocean， such as swimming， spear fishing， surfing and kayaking.

Avoiding swimming in waters and near dead animals is the simplest significant ways on how man can protect himself from the sharks. HIMB advised ocean lovers not to think of fear when thinking about sharks but instead think of ways on how to protect themselves. Swimming in the ocean is swimming in a wilderness environment. Sharks are part of this environment. We have to accept that theyre there and take measures to avoid encounters， which are going to occur from time to time.

5. Why did the researchers carry out a study？

A. To give people serious information.

B. To report people were attacked by sharks.

C. To warn people not to get close to sharks.

D. To provide the public reasonable explanations.

6. What did Charles Meyer find about tiger sharks？

A. They live on Oahu and Maui islands.

B. It is not easy to tag and monitor them.

C. There are so many locations for them.

D. They love to stay where coral reefs are rich.

7. Why do sharks attack humans？

A. Climate change has a great influence on them.

B. Sharks can hardly find food in deep water.

C. Humans have damaged their living place.

D. Sharks are annoyed with the swimmers.

8. Where can we probably read the text？

A. In a travel magazine. B. In a story book.

C. In a newspaper. D. In a guide book.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀七選五

As spring comes， many people can enjoy the new growth that comes with warmer weather. This is a great time to get outside and get dirty！

1 This outdoor activity gives us beautiful plants， pleasant smelling flowers and fresh fruits and vegetables. And it also gives us many health benefits.

Gardening reduces loneliness. It connects people. When you are gardening， you are outdoors. 2 Gardeners usually enjoy showing people what they are growing. And most enjoy sharing advice and stories about their gardens.

Gardening is a great activity to do with children. It gets them outdoors and off computers， televisions and other electronics. 3 Gardening can teach a child about where food comes from and healthy eating. It can also help them to understand the limits of natural resources.

4 This means you are getting vitamin （維生素） D which helps your bodies take in calcium （鈣）. That is necessary to keep bones strong. When you garden you must move around. All the different movements needed for gardening work small muscles in the body.

Gardening may help your brain stay young. In one study， researchers found that gardening could lower the risk of future dementia （癡呆） by 36 percent. 5 A flower and herb garden can help feed bees and butterflies. Growing herbs and flowers connects you to nature and pleases all of your senses.

A. Vitamin D also helps us fight diseases.

B. Children can learn about nature and wildlife.

C. Some people may not have their own garden.

D. Gardening is popular in many parts of the world.

E. So it is a perfect time to socialize with your neighbors.

F. When you are in your garden， you might feel the sunshine

on your skin.

G. Gardening can also give you the feeling that you have done

something good.

1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5.

完形填空

Mom said they might not be back until after eleven. My brother Greg and I1to play hide-and-seek. But there was not much2except in the front room. The3was that we were not allowed in there by ourselves. Anyway， we just took the4 .

Once there， both of us were cautious （謹(jǐn)慎的） and moved about5for some while. Then， when I hid behind a tapestry （壁毯），6by my brother， I jumped out. With a sense of horror， I felt my right elbow striking something7 . We heard a crash. Even8we dared to look， we knew that the vase （花瓶） lay broken.

When Mom and Dad came home and viewed the pieces， we knew any9would only serve to fuel their anger. Mom10us to sit on the bare floor， beside the ruin. She cried， “How could the two of you have done this？” Greg and I， too11to cry， could voice no answer. After a while， she allowed us to12and stayed there alone by herself， much like a statue.

Greg and I13throughout that night， struggling to decide what we might do to14it. We hoped with the money we had15we might just have enough to buy a vase. The next day， we set off to16through every local shop until we found a good copy.

When we17home in silence， we18Mom and Dad with what wed bought. Dad19out， took it from Greg and then passed it to Mom. She sighed， “You broke our Ming vase.” But we believed they knew we were20 .

1. A. decided B. refused C. pretended D. happened

2. A. warmth B. space C. light D. work

3. A. rule B. reason C. problem D. answer

4. A. step B. break C. chance D. risk

5. A. freely B. quickly C. excitedly D. carefully

6. A. forced B. followed C. discovered D. asked

7. A. really B. hard C. loudly D. easily

8. A. after B. before C. unless D. until

9. A. permission B. information C. explanation D. instruction

10. A. wanted B. invited C. ordered D. taught

11. A. polite B. frightened C. annoyed D. stupid

12. A. run B. play C. leave D. speak

13. A. slept B. listened C. cried D. talked

14. A. fix B. make C. finish D. count

15. A. spent B. saved C. borrowed D. dropped

16. A. go B. search C. see D. get

17. A. missed B. stayed C. arrived D. drove

18. A. offered B. served C. supplied D. presented

19. A. came B. reached C. handed D. called

20. A. sorry B. proud C. delighted D. worried

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

閱讀理解

On Nov. 24， near Yellowstones northeast entrance （入口）， Spitfire， a female grey wolf， was shot and killed by a hunter as she approached a group of small houses.

“It was a legal harvest，” Abby Nelson， a wolf management specialist said. “The circumstances are obviously a little bit harder for people to stomach， but that pack has showed signs of habituation. They just stand there and have no fear. Wolf hunters can easily pick the one they want.”

The carefree relation that some Yellowstone wolves have built with humans is reportedly attractive for hunters who look for an easy kill.

In the overnight， yet another famous Yellowstone wolf meeting a violent end outside the park， officials are actively rethinking how to manage wildlife habituation.

Smith， a wolf biologist for Yellowstone， says， “Now were thinking of pounding them. Park officials might use fireworks， and paintball or beanbag guns when they approach humans in the park. If they get close to people， theyre going to get attacked （襲擊）.”

If you think this sounds cruel， youre not alone. Seeing these creatures from the roads that wind through the park not only allows tourists to witness something amazing， but also to reconnect with nature in a way that is better than any conservation campaign. But theres also a growing sense that the present policy of doing nothing isnt working： more wolves will needlessly die and the broken record of hunters scoring easy kills will go on.

As Smith adds， calling for people to keep wolves wild when meeting them halfway is always hard. Still， hes hopeful to preserve （保留） the worlds best place to observe free-ranging wolves： its a policy change that tourists can be involved in.

“...perhaps Spitfires death will accomplish some good， and well all come together to do a better job on managing crowds and roads and wolves in Yellowstone， ” Smith said.

1. What was the main cause of the death of Spitfire？

A. Wildlife habituation. B. Park officials carelessness.

C. The nature of grey wolves. D. The cruelty of the hunter.

2. What does the underlined word “pounding” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？

A. Greeting. B. Protecting.

C. Challenging. D. Hitting.

3. What does Smith expect visitors to do in Yellowstone？

A. Force wolves away from them.

B. Avoid meeting grey wolves.

C. Be more friendly to wolves.

D. Keep away from wolves.

4. What does the text mainly tell us？

A. The wolves in Yellowstone are out of control.

B. Illegal wolf-hunting in Yellowstone is going on.

C. Yellowstone considers “attacking” wolves to protect them.

D. The wolves in Yellowstone are getting on well with humans.

閱讀七選五

Is our planet heating up？ Are human beings responsible? for climate change？ 1 The discussion on this subject has been heated， but what are scientists actually saying？ At Readers Digest， we decided to find it out.

2

Yes， it has， and even warmer. Greenland was forested between 450，000 and 800，000 years ago， so temperatures were considerably warmer then. There have also been other times of relatively high temperatures.

So why does the concern exist （存在）？

Its all about the speed at which temperatures are changing. 3 But in the 20th and 21st centuries， especially since 1976， temperatures have probably risen more quickly than during any century in the past 1，000 years. Warming may bring improved crop production and other benefits to northern countries such as Canada or Russia. However， many species may not adapt （適應(yīng)） to these conditions. 4 Mosquitoes have been moving northwards to higher places. The mountain pine beetle， which is active during warmer winters， has already destroyed about 13 million hectares of Canadas forests， worth an estimated $6.4 billion.

What is causing the warming？

IPCC has concluded that human activity is very likely responsible， by increasing the concentrations （含量） of greenhouse gases and thus the greenhouse effect. 5 They argue the human contribution is nothing.

A. Some scientists， however， still disagree.

B. Has the planet ever been this warm before？

C. Has human behavior made the planet warm？

D. Temperatures have been changing all the time.

E. And the one that is able to may cause a problem.

F.? In the past， temperatures moved up or down gradually.

G. These questions have come into newspapers， films and

popular books.

1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

選詞填空

用方框里單詞的正確形式填空，使其句意完整。有兩個(gè)詞是多余的。

erupt strike cause wave experience bury

possible previous feather lucky occur warn

1. I want someone who is more ____ than Tom.

2. The wind lifts the soft ____ on the little ducks head.

3. The place was recently visited by a serious volcanic ____ .

4. Is there any ____ of getting to London this week？

5. I arrived late but ____ the meeting didnt begin yet.

6. The old tree ____ by lightning last night.

7. Laughing for a while， they went on ____ the fallen flowers.

8. The radio gave a ____ of bad weather.

9. At the beginning of June an event ____ .

10. It rained heavily in the south， ____ serious flooding in several provinces.

句子翻譯

1. 如果你像那樣開車，你早晚得進(jìn)醫(yī)院。（end up）

2. 那幢樓房昨天夜里起火了，現(xiàn)在還燒著。（catch fire）

3. 過去十年間我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。（take place）

4. 地震造成了極大的損害，總共有四百人喪生。（in all）

5. 樹葉被風(fēng)卷起，在空中飄著。（pick up）

短文改錯(cuò)

A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday， causing 4 death. Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the storm. A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and last one hour. He said， “I was in the kitchen with my wife and children while we heard a loud noise. A few minutes late， our house fell down. I managed to climb out， but much to my shocking， one of my boys? were missing. I quickly went back inside and found? them safe but frightened.” Soldiers came to save those burying under the ruins， and the government provided food， clothes， and places to live for homeless.

書面表達(dá)

假定你是李華，你的美國(guó)筆友Linda來信講述了她家鄉(xiāng)剛經(jīng)歷的一場(chǎng)龍卷風(fēng)，并表達(dá)了這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難給她帶來的內(nèi)心的不安。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)提示給她回信，內(nèi)容包括：

1.表達(dá)關(guān)心;

2.詢問生活情況;

3.表達(dá)愿意盡力給予幫助。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Climate Change Has Helped Bring Down Cultures

氣候變化導(dǎo)致文化衰落

Epidemiologist Anthony McMichael of Australian National University surveyed how human societies survived extreme weather brought on by climate shifts. The big threat is changes to food production. And weve never weathered a climate change so big， so rapid and so widespread as the one we are now busily creating by burning fossil fuels， notes McMichael.

澳大利亞國(guó)立大學(xué)的流行病理學(xué)家安東尼·麥克邁克爾調(diào)查了在氣候變化造成的極端天氣情況下，人類社會(huì)是如何生存的。他認(rèn)為，食物生產(chǎn)的變化是一個(gè)極大的威脅。他還指出，我們使用礦物燃料對(duì)氣候造成的影響，規(guī)模之大、速度之快、傳播之廣，是前所未有的。

Long-running climate changes have often brought about the downfall of cultures， including foiling the earliest human attempts at settled farming nearly 13，000 years ago. Around that time， a major millennia-long climate cooling event known as the “Younger Dryas” coincides with the end of most settlements along the Nile Delta and in modern-day Syria. Skeletons from the era evince “an unusually high proportion of violent deaths， many accompanied by remnants of weapons，” McMichael noted. More recently， three back-to-back decades-long droughts afflicted Mayan society in Central America between roughly 760 AD and 920 AD， and marked the end of that cultures regional dominance.

長(zhǎng)期的氣候變化常常導(dǎo)致文化的衰落，包括粉碎了大約1.3萬年前早期人類想要安頓下來務(wù)農(nóng)的打算。大約在那個(gè)時(shí)候，一個(gè)被稱為“新仙女木”的千年氣候變冷的重大事件，與尼羅河三角洲和現(xiàn)在的敘利亞的大多數(shù)定居點(diǎn)的終結(jié)恰好同時(shí)發(fā)生。麥克邁克爾指出，那個(gè)時(shí)期的人類骨骼顯示出“極高的暴力死亡率，并伴有大量的武器殘骸”。再后來，大約在公元760年到920年之間，連續(xù)三次長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾十年的旱情對(duì)中美洲的瑪雅社會(huì)造成了巨大的打擊，標(biāo)志著瑪雅文明對(duì)該地區(qū)的統(tǒng)治結(jié)束。

Culture destruction caused by shorter-term climate changes have proven equally devastating. Decade-long drought in 17th century China led to starvation， internal migration and， ultimately， one factor of the collapse of the Ming Dynasty. A seven-year span of torrential rains， attendant floods and cold in the early 1300s helped cause a famine that may have killed as much as 10 percent of the people in northern Europe—a generation that would then face the Black Death a few decades later.

短期的氣候變化已被證明對(duì)文化具有同樣的破壞性。17世紀(jì)中國(guó)發(fā)生的一場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)十年的旱情，導(dǎo)致饑荒和境內(nèi)遷移，并最終使其成為明朝衰落的一個(gè)原因。14世紀(jì)早期，一場(chǎng)跨度七年的暴雨，以及隨之而來的洪水和寒潮造成的饑荒，可能導(dǎo)致了北歐10%的人口死亡。在其后幾十年，那一代人所面對(duì)的是黑死病。