Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries

詞匯短語園地

1. hunger? n.? 饑餓

His hunger increases by the hour.

他的饑餓感每時每刻都在增加。

Hunger is often the mother of crime.

饑餓常是犯罪的根源。

hunger for/after sth/sb? 渴望得到某物/人

The whole world hungers for/after peace.

全世界的人都渴望和平。

2. income? n.? 收入;收益;所得

Tony lives beyond his income.

托尼的花費超出其收入。

Tourism is a major source of income for the area.

旅游業(yè)是這個地區(qū)的主要收入來源。

high/low income? 高/低收入

live within ones income? 量入為出

3. human? n.? 人

Dogs can hear much better than humans.

狗的聽覺比人靈敏多了。

Wolves will not usually attack humans.

狼通常不會襲擊人。

human = human being

4. measure? vt.? 測定;測量;評估

vi.? 有……長（寬、高等）

We measured the distance.

我們測量了距離。

She measured the stranger with her eyes.

她用雙眼打量著那個陌生人。

The lake measures 130 by 80 kilometers.

這片湖長130千米，寬80千米。

5. goal? n.? 目標

The company has set itself some long-term goals.

公司已定下一些長期目標。

She pursues the goal of perfection in her art.

在藝術中，她追求完美的目標。

比較：aim，goal，purpose的區(qū)別

aim從本義“靶子”引申而來，側(cè)重比較具體而明確的目標，常指短期目標。goal指經(jīng)過考慮和選擇，需經(jīng)堅持不懈和努力奮斗才能達到的最終目標。purpose指的是一般的“目的”。

Our goal is to build a just and peaceful world.

我們的目標是建立一個公正和平的世界。

My aim is to become a policeman.

我的目標是當一名警察。

What is the purpose of his visit？

他來訪的目的是什么？

6. figure? n.? 數(shù)字（可數(shù)名詞，通常用作復數(shù)）

By 2019， this figure had risen to 14 million.

到2019年為止，這個數(shù)字已高達1400萬。

Where did you get those figures？

你從哪兒得到那些數(shù)字的？

7. position? n.? 位置

From his position on the top of the cliff， he had a good view of the harbour.

他從懸崖之巔俯瞰，海港景色一覽無余。

Where would be the best position for the lights？

這些燈裝在什么位置最好？

in/out of position? 在/不在適當?shù)奈恢?/p>

hold a position? 擔任職務

take up ones position? 就位

8. unfortunate? adj.? 不幸的;遺憾的

He was unfortunate to lose in the final game.

他不幸在決賽中輸了。

Youre putting me in a most unfortunate position.

你正在把我推入一個十分可悲的境地。

unfortunate? n.? 不幸的人

unfortunately? adv.? 不幸地;遺憾地;可惜地

Unfortunately， he didnt pass the exam.

很遺憾，他考試不及格。

9. similarity? n.? 類似;相似

（1） 不可數(shù)，表“相像性;相似性”。

similarity between A and B? A和B之間的相似性

The report highlights the similarity between the two groups.

這份報告強調(diào)兩組之間的相似性。

similarity in sth? 在……（方面）的相似性

There is some similarity in the way they sing.

他們的演唱方式有點像。

（2） 可數(shù)，表“相似點;相像處”。

similarity to sb/sth? 與某人 / 某物的相似之處

She bears a similarity to her mother.

她跟她母親十分相像。

10. vast? adj.? 巨大的;龐大的;浩瀚的

A billion dollars is a vast amount of money.

十億美元是一筆巨款。

比較：big，large，great，vast，huge的區(qū)別

（1） large側(cè)重體積、范圍、能力和數(shù)量方面的大，往往可以與big互換，但big較口語化。

Our factory is a big/large one.

我們的工廠很大。

在表示物體重量、重要性、長大了時，只能用big。

The box is too big to carry.（不僅體積大，而且很重）

The box is too large to carry.（箱子大，但未必重）

She is big enough to ride a bike.

在表示數(shù)量時，用large，不用big。

A large number of people from all parts of the country came to see the exhibition.

從全國各地來了很多人觀看展覽。

（2） great的意思是“大;偉大的”，多用于表示抽象含義。在修飾具體事物時，帶有一定的感情色彩。

There have been many great presidents in the American history.

美國歷史上有很多偉大的總統(tǒng)。

在表示抽象意思時，也可用big，但great更為正式。

Great/Big changes have taken place in our country in recent years.

近幾年來，我們國家發(fā)生了很大變化。

（3） vast常用來指“廣袤無垠的;面積廣闊的”，如：a vast forest， a vast sea， a vast desert， vast darkness等。

（4） huge強調(diào)體積龐大，容量和數(shù)量巨大。如：a huge stone，a huge building等。

11. exchange? n. & v.? 交換;互換

We need to promote an open exchange of ideas and information.

我們需要促進思想和信息的公開交流。

Ill type your report if you look after children in exchange.

如果你愿意照看孩子，我就幫你打這份報告。

exchange... for...? 以……換取……

exchange... with sb? 和某人交換……

Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds？

我去哪兒可以把美元換成英鎊？

Mary exchanged seats with Anne.

瑪麗和安妮交換了座位。

12. on the top of? 在……頂端

The ice on the top of the Himalayas never breaks up.

喜馬拉雅山山頂?shù)谋鶑膩聿换?/p>

13. at the bottom of? 在……底部

Fill in your address at the bottom of the application form.

把你的地址填在申請表的底部。

14. make effort? 努力

If you want to achieve something， you must work hard， make effort and get prepared.

如果你想有所成就，你必須努力工作、艱苦奮斗，時刻準備著。

effort? n.? 氣力;努力;費力的事

You should put more effort into your work.

你應該更加努力地工作。

Getting up this morning was quite an effort.

今天早上起床相當費力。

spare no effort? 不遺余力

without effort? 容易地;不費力地

with （an） effort? 努力地;艱難地

15. be connected with? 與……有聯(lián)系;與……有關

He did not like to be connected with the woman who had painted those pictures.

他不想和畫那些畫的女人接觸。

This sentence is not connected with the context.

這句話與上下文沒有聯(lián)系。

16. be close to? 接近;靠近

The population of the city is close to a million.

這座城市的人口接近一百萬。

比較：close，closely的區(qū)別

close作副詞時，意為“靠近;接近”，表示實際距離很近;closely意為“緊密地;密切地”，表達的是一種抽象的“近”。

The children sat close together.

孩子們緊挨著坐在一起。

The two events are closely connected.

這兩件事有密切的聯(lián)系。

17. up to? 直到……;至多……

Up to four people can live in this room.

這間房里最多能住四個人。

Andrew has worked hard up to now.

安德魯一直努力工作到現(xiàn)在。

（1）be up to = be busy doing? 忙于

What are you up to？? 你在忙什么？

（2）be up to sb to do sth? 由某人負責做某事

Its up to us to help those in need.

我們有責任幫助那些有困難的人。

up-to-date 現(xiàn)代的;包含最新信息的

18. be willing to do sth? 樂意做某事

He is willing to help me with my English.

他很樂意幫我學英語。

表達“樂意做某事”的其他短語：be ready/glad/delighted/happy to do sth。

19. as much as? 和……一樣多;多達……

You can eat as much as you like.

你愛吃多少就吃多少。

跟蹤導練（一）

閱讀理解

A

Metro （地鐵） Pocket Guide

Metrorail

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.

Farecard machines are in every station. Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.

Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9：30 am until closing on weekdays， and all day on weekends and holidays.

Hours of service

Open： 5 am Mon.—Fri.7 am Sat.—Sun.

Close： midnight Sun.—Thurs.3 am Fri.—Sat.

Last train times vary. To avoid missing the last train， please check the last train times posted in stations.

Metrobus

When paying with exact change， the fare is $1.35. When paying with a SmarTrip card， the fare is $1.25.

Fares for senior/disabled customers

Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus， use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards， SmarTrip cards and passes， please visit MetroOpensDoors.com or call 2026377000 and 2026378000.

Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 2029621100.

Travel tips

· Avoid riding during weekday rush periods—before 9：30 am and between 4 and 6 pm.

· If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station， please call Lost & Found at 2029621195.

1. What do we know about farecard machines？

A. They start selling tickets at 9：30 am.

B. They are connected to change machines.

C. They offer special service to the elderly.

D. They make change for no more than $5.

2. When does Metrorail stop service on Saturday？

A. At midnight. B. At 3 am.

C. At 5 am. D. At 7 pm.

3. What is the advantage of a SmarTrip card？

A. It is convenient for old people.

B. It saves money for its users.

C. It can be bought at any time.

D. It is sold on the Internet.

4. What should you call if you lose something on the Metro？

A. 2029621195. B. 2029621100.

C. 2026377000. D. 2026378000.

B

In agricultural times， Midsummer celebrations in Sweden were held to welcome summertime and the season of harvest. In some areas， people dressed up as “green men”， in ferns. They also decorated （裝飾） their houses and farm tools with plants， and raised tall maypoles （五朔節(jié)花柱） to dance around， probably as early as the 1500s. In general， Midsummer was a particular time for young people， but it was also celebrated in the industrial communities of central Sweden. However， it was not until the 1900s that this became the most Swedish of all traditional celebrations.

At Midsummer， many people begin their five-week holiday. Midsummer Eve is celebrated in the countryside and on the day before， everyone leaves town， everything is closed and the city streets are suddenly deserted. The countrys main roads， on the other hand， are packed. Queues of cars spread over the distance， and at the end of the road， family and friends wait among trees in full.

Frankly， Midsummer is a time for large gatherings. Many Swedes take advantage of Midsummer to fulfil their social duties so that they can enjoy the rest of their holiday in peace. In many cases， the whole family and friends gather to celebrate this traditional high point of the summer.

Swedes like the world to be well-ordered， so Midsummer Eve is always on a Friday between 19 and 25 June. People often begin the day by picking flowers and making wreaths （花環(huán)） to place on the maypole， which is a key part in the celebrations.

A typical Midsummer menu includes different kinds of fish， boiled new potatoes and soured cream. That is often followed by a grilled dish of some kind， and for dessert， it is the first strawberries of summer， with cream. After dinner， many people still want to go out dancing， just like in the old days.

5. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about？

A. Some interesting traditions in Sweden.

B. The history of the Swedish Midsummer.

C. The reasons for Swedes celebrating the Midsummer.

D. Some popular activities among Swedish young people.

6. What would probably be the most crowded places during the Midsummer？

A. The towns. B. The city streets.

C. The rocky hills. D. The countrys main roads.

7. What does the underlined word “fulfil” in Paragraph 3 mean？

A. Reduce. B. Change.

C. Put off. D. Carry out.

8. What can we infer from the text about the Swedish Midsummer？

A. Its a must to decorate the maypole with wreaths.

B. The Eve usually falls on June 20th every year.

C. Hot food is never offered during the festival.

D. Joining dance parties is less popular now.

跟蹤導練（二）

完形填空

Whenever we hear about “the homeless，”， most of us think of the Developing World. But the1is that homelessness is everywhere. For example， how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a2 ? country like Germany？

Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making3for the homeless of Berlin， Germanys capital. They first4one long hot summer when most Germans were5on holiday. Kurt and his wife stayed at home， made sandwiches， set up a table in the street and gave6to the homeless.

The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent? ? 7 . “What these people also need is warmth and8 ，” says Rita. The Mullers decided to give their9number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita made sure there was somebody at home to10the phone and their home was always11to anyone who couldnt face another night on the street.

The couple were soon12all their time and money， so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to13donations. Today， over thirty companies14donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to15them to the homeless. The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer donates16shoes.

Kurt and Rita receive no17for their hard work. “We feel like parents，” says Rita， “and parents shouldnt18 money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary （薪水）.” Though Rita admits she often gets19 ， she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a20in the world.

1. A. result B. truth C. reason D. idea

2. A. traditional B. developing C. typical D. wealthy

3. A. preparations B. houses

C. meals D. suggestions

4. A. began B. met C. called D. left

5. A. asleep B. alone C. busy D. away

6. A. money B. food C. advice D. water

7. A. enough B. necessary C. helpful D. expensive

8. A. fame B. freedom C. courage D. caring

9. A. phone B. room C. street D. card

10. A. hold B. ring C. answer D. use

11. A. open B. crowded C. noisy D. far

12. A. passing B. wasting C. taking D. spending

13. A. take back B. ask for C. find out D. carry out

14. A. formally B. occasionally

C. frequently D. actually

15. A. donate B. sell C. send D. lend

16. A. new B. big C. special D. famous

17. A. permission B. payment C. instruction D. support

18. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. expect

19. A. surprised B. excited C. tired D. amused

20. A. change B. difference C. point D. rule

語法填空

In much of Asia， especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China， Japan， Korea，1Vietnam， food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

Chopsticks are usually two long， thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic， animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.2（true） elegant （雅致的） chopsticks might3（make） of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also put various hardwoods and metal together4（create） special designs.

The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，5（use） twigs （樹枝） to pick it up. Over time，6the population grew， people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which gradually7（turn） into chopsticks.

Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， who lived from roughly 551 BC to 479 BC， influenced the8（develop） of chopsticks. Confucius believed9（knife） would remind people of killings and were too violent for use at the table.

Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India， for example， most people traditionally eat10their hands.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟蹤導練（三）

閱讀理解

A

As a means of dealing with loneliness and social isolation （孤立） in English towns， local police forces have begun providing specific public benches that can be used for making friends and having conversations.

The “Chat Benches”， which are now located in two different parks and outdoor areas in Somerset， are recognized by a little sign reading： “Sit here if you dont mind someone stopping to say hello！”

The Avon and Somerset Police Department Facebook page recently published photos of their two new “Chat Benches” in Burnham and Taunton with an encouraging note for readers to stop by and use them for socialization. “The sign simply helps to break the silence between strangers who find themselves sharing a common place，” says the police department. “We can all play a part. Simply stopping to say ‘hello to someone at the ‘Chat Bench could make life a little better for many people.”

According to a survey of the department， 17% of old people are only in contact with family， friends and neighbors less than once a week. This rises to about 9 million British people who suffer from loneliness and isolation each year.

The police force launched the Chat Bench earlier this month to go with World Elder Abuse （虐待） Awareness Day. Though the officers say that there are many different forms of elder abuse which deserve our concern， they hope that the Chat Bench will help to deal with senior loneliness in their communities. “The Chat Bench is a fantastic new thing and I hope people of all ages start many more conversations in the future，” says Police and Crime Commissioner Sue Mountstevens.

1. What can we learn about the Chat Bench according to the text？

A. It is designed for foreigners.

B. It can be seen in every English town.

C. It has helped many people deal with loneliness.

D. It has signs to encourage strangers to start conversations.

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 4 about British people？

A. Most of the old live alone.

B. They pay less attention to mind health.

C. More old people feel lonely and isolated.

D. They have little interest in social activities.

3. What do Sue Mountstevens words mean in the last paragraph？

A. Elder abuse hasnt drawn public attention.

B. He has high expectations for the Chat Bench.

C. He doesnt think people can enjoy using the Chat Bench.

D. Senior loneliness has been a serious social problem in

Britain.

4. What could be the best title for the text？

A. The History of “Chat Benches”

B. New Tourist Attractions in British Towns

C. British Police Find Communication Areas in the Towns

D. British Police Create “Chat Benches” to Fight Social

Isolation

B

Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are， like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City， for example， is near a large harbor at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns （新興城市） grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896， Dawson， Canada， was unmapped wilderness （荒野）. But gold was discovered there in 1897， and two years later， it was one of the largest cities in the West， with a population of 30，000.

Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They traveled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche （雪崩） once closed the path， killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson， however， the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold， 4，000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.

But no matter how rich they were， Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon， the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down， and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska， they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today， people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the most important industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.

5. What attracted the early settlers to New York City？

A. Its business culture. B. Its small population.

C. Its favorable climate. D. Its geographical position.

6. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson？

A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.

B. One out of five people got rich.

C. Almost everyone gave up.

D. Half of them died.

7. What was the main reason for people to leave Dawson？

A. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.

B. They were unable to stand the winter.

C. They found the city too crowded.

D. They were short of food.

8. What is the text mainly about？

A. Journeys into the wilderness.

B. The rise and fall of a city.

C. The gold rush in Canada.

D. Tourism in Dawson.

跟蹤導練（四）

閱讀七選五

When walking in a street， you are likely to hear passers-by speaking Chinese aloud. 1 After entering a store， its possible that youll see Huawei smartphones for sale. It isnt referring to a city in China， but Manchester， UK. In fact， you might see similar things in many other cities around the world. 2

Chinese dishes have been enjoyed in Western countries for a long time. But to satisfy local peoples tastes， Chinese restaurants have made some necessary changes to the dishes. “One example is the meat，” said Yin Hang， who is studying at the University of Wollongong in Australia. “3 Therefore， Chinese restaurants serve big pieces of meat without bones， even for fish.”

4 In many cities in Europe， stores sell TCL televisions， Haier fridges and Lenovo computers， reported Reuters. More than half of US-owned drones （無人機） are Chinese models， according to China Daily. Theyre designed and made in China.

In the past， most people in the West thought Chinese products were cheap and unreliable. 5 “Made in China” has become cool and more people trust Chinese brands. “For example， Huawei， one of Chinas major smartphone makers， overtook Apple in global smartphone sales for the first time in June and July in 2019，” noted consulting firm Counterpoint Research.

A. But things have changed greatly.

B. Indeed， Chinese products have been going abroad.

C. But people here dont like to eat meat with bones.

D. National brands are enjoying great success in China.

E. Turning to the right， you may see a Chinese restaurant.

F. What is the biggest problem with many Chinese brands？

G. Many Chinese brands are also becoming more and more

popular.

1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5.

完形填空

On my way back home， I was stopped at a traffic light by some people who asked for help. A woman1to give way to an ambulance （救護車）， but drove her car over stony obstacles （障礙） that2the bike line from the street. Unluckily， she had her car trapped （困?。?as a3 . She couldnt move the4in any direction. Some people tried to lift the car back but the obstacles were too5and high. Seeing that they couldnt do much about it， they could only6and the woman alone in the car tried to call for7 .

While watching the other people leave and finding she needed some service， I8that the woman would be on her own and felt helpless. And at that time， I imagined how9I would be if I were in that situation. So， I asked her what I could do for her. She appreciated my10 . She made a call and was11that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to arrive.

I tried to comfort the woman who seemed to feel12 about causing trouble for others. But13it wasnt too much trouble since they could still14 . We laughed and joked that all we15was some tea for our chat.

Finally，16came and someone helped her back on the street. She thanked me and17my phone number so she could return the18 ， but I told her it was OK. She seemed to feel19when we said our goodbyes. I believed not having to face a difficult20alone mattered much for her.

1. A. refused B. regretted C. tried D. preferred

2. A. protected B. separated C. kept D. differed

3. A. result B. rule C. start D. prize

4. A. bike B. line C. stone D. car

5. A. heavy B. light C. small D. close

6. A. watch B. stay C. stand D. leave

7. A. service B. advice C. survey D. change

8. A. argued B. realized C. decided D. misunderstood

9. A. fortunate B. pleased C. painful D. amused

10. A. suggestions B. attention C. thanks D. humor

11. A. warned B. told C. required D. observed

12. A. happy B. curious C. puzzled D. worried

13. A. unluckily B. sadly C. actually D. sincerely

14. A. talk B. run C. pass D. walk

15. A. needed B. thought C. saw D. chose

16. A. disappointment B. sickness C. fear D. help

17. A. cut out B. turned in C. asked for D. looked at

18. A. kindness B. truth C. money D. call

19. A. tired B. relaxed C. bored D. brave

20. A. task B. disaster C. program D. situation

跟蹤導練（五）

閱讀理解

A friend of mine lies to his wife all the time. Not big lies. He tells little ones， with the best of intentions （目的）. For example， his wife asks him to order baseball tickets. He forgets to do it. “Ill tell her its done because I still plan on getting it done，” he said. “Im just unwilling to disappoint her and make her mad at me. I feel bad， but it doesnt feel like a lie， because I know Ill get it done as soon as possible.”

“Do you think Im wrong？” he asked me.

I nodded. In my opinion， there are dangers with white lies.

Weve become used to lying in our society. Our culture accepts white lies and even encourages them. People sometimes tell themselves that white lies are hard to avoid and even valuable. But lies， even white ones， are never harmless.

Sometimes one lie leads directly to another. We have to tell a second lie to cover up the first. And finally youll have difficulty in covering your lies. When you fail to do that， others will know youve lied.

Lying harms the foundation （基礎） of trust. Trust is easy to lose. It doesnt take much to begin to destroy it. Lying— even white lying—causes doubt， and this uncertainty often leads to mistrust. You may feel better in the short term， but lies will weaken trust in the long run.

After talking with me， my friend came to realize even white lies could lead to serious problems and that his “yes” needed to be a “yes”. Id encourage you to follow that same path. Let your word be your bond （契約）. Lies， even white lies， can lead to big problems.

1. Why does the authors friend often lie to his wife？

A. He becomes tired of explaining something to her.

B. He is unwilling to make her worry about him.

C. He is too lazy to do the things she has asked.

D. He wants to make her happy.

2. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about？

A. How lies confuse people.

B. Why people continue lying.

C. The ways to win others trust.

D. The negative effects of telling lies.

3. What did the authors friend probably decide to do in the end？

A. To be a trusty person anytime.

B. To ask for his wifes forgiveness.

C. To improve his communication skills.

D. To think twice before making decisions.

4. What is the main purpose of the text？

A. To ask people to avoid telling lies including white lies.

B. To point out the importance of friendship.

C. To encourage people to be kind to their families.

D. To show several causes for people telling white lies.

閱讀七選五

Do you know Australia？ Australia is the largest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is in the south of the earth.

1 The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai. The government has made enough laws to fight pollution. The cities in Australia have got little air or water pollution. 2 You can clearly see fish swimming in the rivers. Plants grow very well.

Last month we visited Perth， the biggest city in Western Australia， and went to a wild flowers exhibition. 3 We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. In spring every year Perth has the wild flowers exhibition.

After visiting Perth， we spent the day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path （小路） at the foot of a hill. 4 Suddenly we heard bells ringing at the top of the hill. What we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to the car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us down the path. 5 After a short drive from any town， you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep. Sheep， sheep， everywhere are sheep.

A. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves.

B. The sky is blue and the water is clean.

C. Australia is big， but its population is not large.

D. The people of Australia are very hard-working.

E. Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos.

F. Australia is the sixth largest country in the world.

G. There we saw a large number of wild flowers we had never

seen before.

1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5.

跟蹤導練（六）

選詞填空

用方框里單詞的正確形式填空，使其句意完整。有兩個詞是多余的。

pollute fortunate measure crowd develop exchange

educate figure hungry position tourist goal

1. The national employment ____ are published every month.

2. In winter the place ____ with skiers.

3. The area is heavily dependent on ____ ， which has developed rapidly recently.

4. Three hundred people in this country died of ____ last year.

5. The ____ water made many people sick.

6. With the ____ of our countrys economy， we are living a better life.

7. Its a matter of setting your own ____ and following them.

8. It is ____ that the weather is so bad.

9. We ____ the room and found it was 20 feet long and 15 feet wide.

10. The cost of ____ children in the United States has risen greatly.

句子翻譯

1. 那條船在海底躺了有兩百年了。（at the bottom of）

2. 在這一頁的頂部寫下你的姓名、地址和電話號碼。（at the top of）

3. 醫(yī)生們正在盡一切努力搶救那個男孩。（make effort）

4. 我認為他與這事密切相關。（be connected with）

5. 這些兒童彼此的年齡很接近。（be close to）

短文改錯

One day， in my way to school， I noticed two anxious foreigners surrounding by a group of people. I stopped and found that they were tourist from Canada who carelessly left a very importantly wallet in a taxi. So I take them to the nearest police station. With help of the policemen， we got in touch with the taxi company. We were telling that the wallet had just been found. And two passports， flight tickets， or some money were still inside it. Finally the two Canadians got our wallet back. They thanked for me and left.

書面表達

假定你是李華，Mike是你的留學生朋友。你看到一則關于中美兩國文化差異講座的海報，決定給他寫一封郵件，建議他去聽這個講座。內(nèi)容包括：

1.寫信的原因;

2.海報的有關內(nèi)容;

3.說明為什么建議他去。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Scandalous Food Wastage Globally

全球糧食浪費觸目驚心

The food the world wastes accounts for more greenhouse gas emissions than any country except for China and the United States， the United Nations said in a report entitled The Food Wastage Footprint.

聯(lián)合國在一份題為“糧食浪費足跡”的報告中稱，全球糧食浪費產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放，超過中國和美國以外其他任何國家的排放量。

Every year about a third of all food for human consumption， around 1.3 billion tons， is wasted， along with all the energy， water and chemicals needed to produce it and dispose of it.

全球每年約有1/3的糧食被浪費，浪費量大約為13億噸。與此同時，生產(chǎn)和處理糧食所需的能源、水和化學制品也被浪費。

Almost 30 percent of the worlds farmland， and a volume of water equivalent to the annual discharge of the River Volga， are in effect being used in vain.

全球幾乎有30%的農(nóng)田和相當于俄羅斯伏爾加河年流量的水資源被白白消耗。

In its report， the FAO estimated that the carbon footprint of wasted food was equivalent to 3.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year.

聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織（FAO）在報告中預測，糧食浪費產(chǎn)生的碳足跡，相當于每年排放33億噸二氧化碳。

If it were a country， it would be the worlds third biggest emitter after China and the United States， suggesting that more efficient food use could contribute substantially to global efforts to cut greenhouse gases to limit global warming.

如果把糧食浪費造成的碳排放看成一個國家，那么它是繼中國和美國之后的全球第三大溫室氣體排放國。這表明更有效地使用糧食，將能為減少溫室氣體排放以抑制氣候變暖做出巨大貢獻。

In the industrialized world， much of the waste comes from consumers buying too much and throwing away what they do not eat. In developing countries， it is mainly the result of inefficient farming and a lack of proper storage facilities.

在工業(yè)發(fā)達國家，多數(shù)糧食浪費與消費者購買太多食物、把沒吃的食物扔掉有關;在發(fā)展中國家，農(nóng)業(yè)效率低且缺乏適當?shù)拇鎯υO施，是造成糧食浪費的主要原因。

“Food wastage reduction would not only avoid pressure on scarce natural resources but also decrease the need to raise food production by 60 percent in order to meet the 2050 population demand，”the FAO said.

“減少浪費食物，不僅能避免因稀缺的自然資源減少產(chǎn)生的壓力，還能減輕需要提高糧食生產(chǎn)水平60%才能滿足2050年的人口需求的壓力。”聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織稱。

It suggested improving communication between producers and consumers to manage the supply chain more efficiently， as well as investing more in harvesting， cooling and packaging methods.

報告建議加強生產(chǎn)者和消費者之間的溝通，以更有效地管理供應鏈，以及更多地投資于收割、冷卻和包裝方法。

It also said consumers in the developed world should be encouraged to serve smaller portions and make more use of leftovers. Businesses should give surplus food to charities， and develop alternatives to dump organic waste in landfill.

該報告還說，應鼓勵發(fā)達國家的消費者提供小份量的食物，并更多地利用剩余飯菜。企業(yè)應該將剩余食物捐給慈善機構，并開發(fā)出將有機廢物倒入垃圾填埋場的替代方法。

The FAO estimated the cost of the wasted food， excluding fish and seafood， at about $750 billion a year， based on producer prices.

聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織估算，基于生產(chǎn)者價格，不包括魚和海鮮在內(nèi)，一年所浪費糧食的經(jīng)濟損失約為7500億美元。

The wasted food consumes about 250 cubic km of water and takes up about 1.4 billion hectares—much of it is diverse natural habitat that has been cleared to make it arable.

被浪費的糧食所消耗的水約250立方千米，占地約14億公頃——其中大部分是已被轉(zhuǎn)化為耕地的多樣化的自然生態(tài)棲息地。