The 10 Most Beautiful Gardens in the World 世界十大最美園林

奧伊茜馬婭·森·納格 謝紅

Butchart （Canada）

The Butchart Gardens is a group of spectacular floral gardens， a brainchild of Jennie Butchart， the wife of a pioneering industrialist， Robert Pim Butchart. The gardens are located in Brentwood Bay on Vancouver Island near Victoria， the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia. In 1909， when her husbands mining company had exhausted a limestone quarry of its minerals， Jennie Butchart decided to build something productive out of the wasted quarry site. She， with her husbands constant support， started building a Sunken Garden out of the ruins. In 1921， the garden was completed and soon started attracting visitors.

More gardens were built by the couple at their home when they replaced their tennis courts with an Italian garden and built a rose garden to replace their humble kitchen garden. Several statues of animals and birds are also housed in the gardens. Fireworks and musical entertainments are regularly held at the garden venue during summer season and the winter holiday period.

布查特花園（加拿大）

布查特花園由一組絢麗多姿的花園構(gòu)成，是具有開(kāi)拓精神的實(shí)業(yè)家羅伯特·皮姆·布查特的夫人珍妮·布查特精心打造的?；▓@位于加拿大溫哥華島的布倫特伍德灣，距不列顛哥倫比亞省首府維多利亞市不遠(yuǎn)。1909年，布查特礦業(yè)公司的一處石灰礦開(kāi)采殆盡，珍妮·布查特便決定在這片廢棄的礦場(chǎng)上建點(diǎn)兒什么。在丈夫堅(jiān)定不移的支持下，珍妮著手將廢礦坑改建為一座下沉花園?；▓@于1921年建成，很快開(kāi)始吸引大批游客。

夫婦倆還在宅邸周圍建了更多的花園，比如將網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)改建成意式花園，原本不起眼的菜園則變成了玫瑰園?；▓@內(nèi)不僅有鳥(niǎo)獸雕塑點(diǎn)綴增色，每年夏季和冬假期間還會(huì)在園內(nèi)舉辦煙花和音樂(lè)表演。

Ch?teau de Versailles （France）

The Gardens of Versailles are located to the west of the Ch?teau of Versailles in Versailles， France. The sprawling gardens occupy an extensive area of around 800 hectares of land， encompassing well-manicured lawns， vast stretches of flower beds， fountains and other water features and impressive statues. The entire design of the gardens is based on the classic French Garden style which is very well represented here by the principal gardener and landscape architect of King Louis XIV of France， André Le N?tre. The palace and its gardens were inscribed on the prestigious UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979.

凡爾賽宮（法國(guó)）

凡爾賽宮花園位于法國(guó)凡爾賽的凡爾賽宮西側(cè)，面積廣闊，占地約800公頃。這里有精心修剪的草坪、大片的花圃、噴泉等水景和令人贊嘆的雕塑。凡爾賽宮花園完全依照法國(guó)古典園林式樣設(shè)計(jì)，是法王路易十四的首席園藝師和園林設(shè)計(jì)師安德烈·勒諾特爾設(shè)計(jì)的法式園林典范。1979年凡爾賽宮及其花園被列入享有盛名的聯(lián)合國(guó)科教文組織世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。

Dumbarton Oaks （U.S.A.）

The Dumbarton Oaks estate， located in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington D.C. in the USA， was the original home of an American diplomat and art enthusiast， Robert Woods Bliss and his wife Mildred Barnes Bliss. Under the able supervision of Mildred Bliss， the estates farmlands were converted into an eye-catching landscape of terraced gardens leading the way to open recreational zones and finally blending with natures own reserves of verdurous meadows and picturesque streams. The recreational zones had tennis courts， water pools， orchards and vegetable gardens.

敦巴頓橡樹(shù)園（美國(guó)）

敦巴頓橡樹(shù)園位于美國(guó)華盛頓哥倫比亞特區(qū)喬治敦區(qū)，原是酷愛(ài)藝術(shù)的美國(guó)外交家羅伯特·伍茲·布利斯及其夫人米爾德麗德·巴恩斯·布利斯的府邸。布利斯夫人很有才干，在她的監(jiān)督下，莊園的農(nóng)田改造成了瑰麗的臺(tái)地花園，一路通往露天的休閑娛樂(lè)區(qū)，那里錯(cuò)落分布著網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)、水池、果園和菜圃，而更遠(yuǎn)處則與大自然青翠的草場(chǎng)和如畫(huà)的溪流完美地融為一體。

Kew Royal Botanic Gardens （United Kingdom）

The Kew Royal Botanic Gardens is a massive collection of living plant specimens from around the world， including many rare and threatened plant species. Originally started as an exotic collection of plants at Kew Park by a British aristocrat， Lord Capel John of Tewkesbury， the modern day Kew Gardens occupy an area of 121 hectares of land in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in the United Kingdom. Currently， the Kew Gardens hosts nearly 30，000 types of plants， 7 million preserved plant specimens and an extensive collection of scientific literature based on plants in its impressive library.

基尤皇家植物園（亦稱邱園）（英國(guó)）

邱園是一座植物活體樣本的巨大寶庫(kù)，樣本來(lái)自世界各地，包括很多稀有和瀕危植物種類。邱園位于英國(guó)倫敦泰晤士河畔里士滿區(qū)，最初是英國(guó)貴族圖克斯伯里勛爵卡佩爾·約翰種植奇花異草的地方，現(xiàn)占地121公頃。目前邱園擁有近3萬(wàn)種植物，700萬(wàn)受保護(hù)的植株，園內(nèi)圖書(shū)館收藏的植物學(xué)文獻(xiàn)數(shù)量頗豐，令人驚嘆。

Powerscourt （Ireland）

The Powerscourt Estate is a sprawling estate located in Enniskerry， County Wicklow， Ireland. The landscaped gardens of this estate was completed over a period of 20 years and opened in 1880. Inspiration for the gardens was drawn from the Sch?nbrunn Palace and Palace of Versailles. The main features of the property and the grounds of the estate include a Japanese themed garden， a lake named after the mythological Greek God， Triton1， walled gardens， an Italian themed garden， and a dolphin pond.

鮑爾斯考特莊園（愛(ài)爾蘭）

占地廣闊的鮑爾斯考特莊園坐落于愛(ài)爾蘭威克洛郡的恩尼斯凱里，其中數(shù)個(gè)景觀花園歷時(shí)20年建成并于1880年對(duì)外開(kāi)放。花園的設(shè)計(jì)靈感來(lái)源于美泉宮和凡爾賽宮。莊園的主要景致包括一座日式花園、一汪以希臘神祇特里同命名的特里同湖、幾座封閉式花園、一座意大利式花園以及一個(gè)海豚池。

Sans Souci （Germany）

The 18th century Sans Souci gardens of Germany is located in Potsdam near Berlin. The gardens were commissioned by Frederick the Great， the King of Prussia. Work on the Sans Souci gardens started on August 10th， 1744， and soon trellised vines from other parts of Europe were brought in to grow in the carved terraces of the hill. Besides the vines， yew trees and figs were also planted in the terraced slopes and niches carved out in the supporting walls. The terraced vineyards ended at the base of the hill where a Baroque ornamental garden and a water body with a fountain created a majestic spectacle. A number of ornamental marble statues and a nearby kitchen garden are other notable features of the Sans Souci gardens.

無(wú)憂宮（德國(guó)）

建于18世紀(jì)的無(wú)憂宮位于德國(guó)柏林附近的波茨坦。園林由普魯士國(guó)王腓特烈大帝下令建造。1744年8月10日無(wú)憂宮破土動(dòng)工，很快配有棚架的葡萄藤便從歐洲其他地方運(yùn)來(lái)，移植在山上開(kāi)鑿的梯田上。除了葡萄，梯狀斜坡和承重墻上挖出的壁龕里還種植了紫杉和無(wú)花果樹(shù)。梯臺(tái)葡萄園一直延伸到山腳，山腳下的巴洛克裝飾花園和帶有噴泉的水景宏偉壯觀。一些裝飾性大理石雕塑和附近的一片菜園也是無(wú)憂宮中值得一看的景致。

Stourhead （United Kingdom）

The 2，650-acre Stourhead estate in Wiltshire， England hosts one of the most beautiful gardens in the world. Located near the mouth of the River Stour， the gardens of the estate offer a spectacular extravaganza of colorful flora， water features， monuments and architectural marvels of the 18th century. The gardens were laid out in the classical 18th century theme surrounding an artificial lake created by damming with inspirations in design sought from the work of famous painters like Claude Lorrain， Gaspard Dughet， and others. Several temples， an obelisk， the Bristol High Cross， King Alfreds Tower， are some of the landmark features of the gardens of Stourhead.

斯托海德風(fēng)景園（英國(guó)）

英格蘭威爾特郡的斯陶爾海德莊園占地2650英畝，其風(fēng)景園是世界上最美麗的園林之一。風(fēng)景園鄰近斯陶爾河口，壯觀華美，擁有絢麗的植被、各色水景、紀(jì)念碑塔和18世紀(jì)建筑奇跡。風(fēng)景園是經(jīng)典的18世紀(jì)園林布局，園中人工湖由筑壩蓄水而成，設(shè)計(jì)靈感來(lái)源于著名畫(huà)家克勞德·洛蘭和加斯帕爾·迪蓋等人的畫(huà)作。幾座廟宇、一座方尖碑、布里斯托高十字架和阿爾弗雷德國(guó)王塔是斯托海德風(fēng)景園內(nèi)的標(biāo)志性景觀。

Villa dEste （Italy）

The gardens of the Villa dEste in Tivoli， Italy， considered to be a masterpiece of Renaissance culture， architecture and design， have been recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The terraced gardens of the property have a diverse collection of flora， including roses， jasmines， rhododendrons， camellias， palms， magnolias， chestnuts， and others. The water features include fountains， waterfalls， water basins， pools， troughs， water jets， and rippling water cascades， as well as frescoes and pebble mosaics and nymphaeum. The gardens and the villa were commissioned to be built by Cardinal Ippolito II dEste in the 16th century. After being owned privately for several centuries， the Villa dEste and its gardens were finally acquired by the Italian state post World War I， and since then has become a popular tourist destination in the country.

德斯特別墅（意大利）

德斯特別墅坐落于意大利的蒂沃利，其園林是公認(rèn)的文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期文化、建筑和設(shè)計(jì)界的杰作，已被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為世界遺產(chǎn)。園中臺(tái)地花園的植物品類繁多，玫瑰、茉莉、杜鵑、山茶、棕櫚、玉蘭、栗樹(shù)等不一而足。另外還有噴泉、懸瀑、流水盆、水塘、水槽、水柱噴泉、潺潺的小瀑布以及濕壁畫(huà)、卵石馬賽克和水神殿等諸多水體景觀。幾座花園和這棟別墅皆由紅衣主教伊波利托二世·德斯特在16世紀(jì)請(qǐng)人建造。接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)別墅及其花園一直都是私產(chǎn)，最終在一戰(zhàn)后被意大利政府收歸國(guó)有，自此成為該國(guó)一處著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。

Villa ?phrussi de Rothschild （France）

These seaside gardens are but one of the many fantastic scenes to be seen along the French Riviera. Members of the Rothschild banking family2 established the estate in the early 20th century. There are nine distinctive gardens surrounding the villa， each with their own unique themes. The themed gardens include an exotic garden， a Florentine garden， a French formal garden， a Japanese garden， a Provencal garden， a rose garden， a Garden de Sevres， a Spanish style garden， and a stone garden. The French formal garden is the largest， complete with all manner of aquatic plants and statues arranged in the iconically symmetrical Francaise fashion.

羅斯柴爾德花園別墅（法國(guó)）

這片坐落于海邊的花園別墅僅是法國(guó)里維埃拉地區(qū)眾多美景之一，于20世紀(jì)初由羅斯柴爾德金融家族成員興建。別墅的周圍環(huán)繞著九座風(fēng)格迥異、各具特色的園林，包括異國(guó)風(fēng)情園、佛羅倫薩花園、法式規(guī)整花園、日式庭園、普羅旺斯花園、玫瑰園、塞夫爾花園、西班牙園和石頭園。其中法式規(guī)整花園的面積最大，園內(nèi)林林總總的水生植物和各式雕塑也按最具代表性的法蘭西式園林的對(duì)稱規(guī)格布局。

Wangshiyuan Garden （China）

This residential garden in southeast China， called Wangshiyuan in Chinese， was designed during the Song dynasty （A.D. 960–1279）. The arrangement of pavilions， halls， music rooms， winsome bamboo groves， and waterside perches is an exercise in natural harmony. The central section is a small world within itself; piles of yellow stones form “mountains” complete with caverns， and a tiny arched bridge called the “l(fā)eading to quietude3” crosses a pond to a small pavilion in the center.

網(wǎng)師園（中國(guó)）

這座府宅園林位于中國(guó)江南，中文喚作網(wǎng)師園，始建于宋朝（960—1279）。園內(nèi)有亭有廊有琴室，也有清雅的竹林和傍水的亭臺(tái)，布局彰顯自然的和諧。園中腹地別有洞天，這里黃石堆砌成一座座假山石洞，一座小巧精致的拱橋稱作“引靜橋”，橫跨碧波，通往池塘正中的小涼亭。? ? ? ? ? ? ?□

（譯者為“《英語(yǔ)世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撸?/p>