柏林漂浮“大學(xué)”，柏林，德國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：柏林空間實(shí)驗(yàn)室

1 夜景/Night view

2018年，柏林空間實(shí)驗(yàn)室啟動(dòng)了柏林漂浮“大學(xué)”這一項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目為一臨時(shí)的市區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，用作集體體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)和跨學(xué)科交流。場(chǎng)地在1930年代早期設(shè)計(jì)為雨水收集池，為坦普爾霍夫機(jī)場(chǎng)服務(wù)，并作為一個(gè)功能齊全的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施保留至今。60多年不曾向公眾開放以后，各種各樣的動(dòng)物、植物和藻類已在此生根并孕育出獨(dú)特的景觀：一種被自然回收的人造環(huán)境中，污水與相對(duì)較新的教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室共存，形成一種自然文化1）或第三景觀2）。

在2008年坦普爾霍夫機(jī)場(chǎng)關(guān)閉后，該市的重建計(jì)劃建議將水池遷移到環(huán)繞著新開發(fā)項(xiàng)目的300hm2公園中。不過，在2014年坦普爾霍夫公投中，柏林人投票反對(duì)城市規(guī)劃，并阻止機(jī)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行任何形式的建設(shè)。這次公投的結(jié)果不僅保護(hù)了獨(dú)特的市區(qū)綠地，也為該雨水收集池提供了保護(hù)。

漂浮“大學(xué)”成立一年以來，見證了各種各樣的游客不同程度地參與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)，創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。將一個(gè)教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室安排在此，是一種深思熟慮的政治參與形式。2018年4-9月，漂浮“大學(xué)”邀請(qǐng)了學(xué)生、教授、夏令營(yíng)及自組織團(tuán)體等各類群組在這個(gè)場(chǎng)地進(jìn)行他們的課程和實(shí)驗(yàn)。除了邀請(qǐng)各機(jī)構(gòu)來此擺脫各自僵化甚至嚴(yán)苛的框架之外，還通過提供廣泛的活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，包括戲劇表演、自行車越野、養(yǎng)蜂工作室等開放企劃與公眾生活結(jié)合。

該企劃鞏固了實(shí)踐者的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并在2018年底決定繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)，從“臨時(shí)”項(xiàng)目過渡到一個(gè)協(xié)會(huì)組織：漂浮協(xié)會(huì)。

正是為了維護(hù)這個(gè)場(chǎng)所的歷史，并延續(xù)城市開發(fā)的非官方敘事，漂浮協(xié)會(huì)確立了自己的職責(zé)：開放、維護(hù)并悉心照料這片獨(dú)特的區(qū)域，同時(shí)將自發(fā)性的、基金的合作項(xiàng)目推向公眾。換言之，這是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)去參與、去擁抱和駕馭世界的錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，并去想象和創(chuàng)造不同生活形式的地方。3）[1]（吉利·卡列夫斯基、羅薩里奧·塔萊維 文，龐凌波 譯）

In 2018, Floating UniversityBerlin was initiated by raumlabor as a temporary inner-city laboratory for collective, experiential learning and transdisciplinary exchange. The site was designed in the early 1930s as a rainwater retention basin to serve the Tempelhof airfield and remains as a fully functioning infrastructure. Having been closed off to the public for over 60 years, a diverse range of animals, plants and algae have taken root and given birth to a unique landscape: a manmade environment reclaimed by nature where polluted water coexists with the relatively new presence of this pedagogical experiment, forming a natureculture1)or a third landscape2).

After the Tempelhof airport closed down in 2008,the city's redevelopment plan proposed to relocate the basin as a pond positioned within 300 hm2of parkland,surrounded by new development. However, in the Tempelhof referendum of 2014, Berliners voted against the city plans and prevented any kind of construction on the air field. The result of this referendum not only protected the unique inner-city green space, but also provided protection for the basin.

The founding year of the Floating University saw a diverse breadth of visitors involved to varying degrees with the activity on site, creating a unique ecosystem. Situating a pedagogical experiment in this location was a deliberate form of political engagement. From April to September of 2018, the Floating University invited varied constellations of students, professors, summer schools and selforganised groups, to develop their own curricula and experiment on and with the site. Aside from inviting institutions to free themselves from their own rigid or even restrictive structures, the open programme engaged with the general public by offering a wide range of activities, including theatre performances,BMX riding and bee-keeping workshops.

The programme consolidated a network of practitioners, who towards the end of 2018 decided to continue the experiment by transitioning from a"temporary" project into an association: Floating e.V.

It is in solidarity with the history of the place and with the lineage of alternative narratives for urban development that the Floating e.V. situates its mission: to open, maintain, and take care of this unique site while bringing non-disciplinary, radical,and collaborative programmes to the public. In other words, it is a place to learn to engage, to embrace the complexity and navigate the entanglements of the world, to imagine and create different forms of living.3)[1](Text by Gilly Karjevsky & Rosario Talevi)

注釋/Notes

1）自然文化：是堂娜·哈拉維在《同伴物種宣言》（2003）中為了寫出自然與文化、身體與精神、物質(zhì)和符號(hào)等等之間的必要糾葛而產(chǎn)生的概念?！白匀晃幕睘槲覀兲峁┝艘粋€(gè)重要路徑來重寫這些現(xiàn)代主義的對(duì)立面，在這方法中，“對(duì)世界的轉(zhuǎn)錄”取代了“對(duì)世界一部分的代表”被提出。因此，概念并不捕捉或反映“外面”是什么，而是完全沉浸在一個(gè)不斷變化的現(xiàn)實(shí)之中。引自參考文獻(xiàn)[2]/Naturecultures: This concept is created by Donna Haraway in The Companion Species Manifesto (2003) in order to write the necessary entanglement of the natural and the cultural, the bodily and the mind, the material and the semiotic, etcetera."Naturecultures" offers us an important route to rewrite these modernist oppositions in such a way that rather than representing parts of the world, a transcription with the world is being proposed. Concepts thus do not capture or mirror what is "out there", but are fully immersed in a constantly changing reality. Retrieved from Ref[2].

2）第三景觀：是行星花園——人類留給景觀進(jìn)化的剩余空間的總和——的一個(gè)只對(duì)自然而言未確定的片段。這一類別包括城市或農(nóng)村的棄地、過渡空間、荒地、濕地、系泊、泥炭沼澤，以及路邊、海濱、鐵路路堤等。詳見參考文獻(xiàn)[3]/Third Landscape: an undetermined fragment of the Planetary Garden - designates the sum of the space left over by man to landscape evolution to nature alone. Included in this category are left behind(délaissé) urban or rural sites, transitional spaces,neglected land (friches), swamps, moors, peat bogs, but also roadsides, shores, railroad embankments, etc. See also: Ref[3].

3）了解2018年漂浮大學(xué)的多種活動(dòng)，詳見參考文獻(xiàn)[4]/To see the variety of activities of the 2018's Floating University edition, Ref[4].

2 鳥瞰/Aerial view

15 城市森林/Urban Forest

評(píng)委評(píng)語

李存東：作為空間實(shí)驗(yàn)的項(xiàng)目，選址于人工設(shè)施的廢棄地本身就是一個(gè)帶有實(shí)驗(yàn)性的想法。順其自然的環(huán)境帶有自然文化，人們對(duì)其再次的介入是自由的、開放的、變化的，這是將人類行為作為自然行為的一種方式，這種方式可以像自然一樣充滿活力，并不斷進(jìn)行自我修正。項(xiàng)目的設(shè)施搭建經(jīng)過不同主體的參與，保持了與環(huán)境基調(diào)的和諧平衡。除了通過實(shí)驗(yàn)活動(dòng)獲得空間經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及交流體驗(yàn)外，人們還會(huì)從漂浮于水上的輕質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)中，從帶有魔幻般的夜間光色中，找到人與自然的那種充滿想象力的既原初又新奇的感受。

Jury Statement

LI Cundong: As a spatial experiment, the idea of siting the project on the abandoned site of an arti ficial facility is in itself an experimental one. It is a way of treating human behaviour as natural behaviour, a way that can be as dynamic as nature and constantly self-correcting. The project's facilities are built with the participation of different subjects, maintaining a harmonious balance with the tone of the environment. In addition to the spatial and communicative experiences gained through the experimental activities, people will get an imaginative feeling between man and nature of both original and new, in the light structures floating on water, and in the magical night-time light and colours. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)