劉飛 劉水
摘要: 魯錦圖案是記載著魯西南地區(qū)人們獨(dú)特的造物思想和人文思想的文化符號(hào),蘊(yùn)含著濃郁的民風(fēng)民俗文化,體現(xiàn)著鮮明的地域性特色。文章基于田野考察法,多次對(duì)魯西南地區(qū)民間織錦鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)實(shí)地調(diào)查,走訪春秋源魯錦博物館和中國(guó)魯錦博物館,以館內(nèi)收藏及非遺傳承人手工織造的魯錦實(shí)物為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合非遺傳承人口述及織造演示,對(duì)魯錦圖案的紋樣創(chuàng)作、色彩搭配、構(gòu)圖形式三方面進(jìn)行藝術(shù)特征分析,深入挖掘其視覺(jué)形態(tài)下所蘊(yùn)含的文化內(nèi)涵,揭示其內(nèi)在審美功能,旨在更好地體現(xiàn)魯錦的文化價(jià)值,并為其與現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)理念融合提供靈感來(lái)源。
關(guān)鍵詞: 魯錦圖案;基礎(chǔ)紋樣;藝術(shù)特征;地域性;審美功能
中圖分類號(hào): TS941.12;J523.1
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: B
文章編號(hào): 10017003(2021)01008507
引用頁(yè)碼: 011201
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.01.013(篇序)
Analysis of artistic features and functions of the patterns of Lu brocade in southwest Shandong
LIU Fei, LIU Shui
(School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China)
Abstract:
The pattern of Lu brocade is a cultural symbol that records the unique creation ideas and humanistic ideas of people in southwest Shandong. It contains rich folk customs and culture and embodies distinctive regional characteristics. According to the method of field investigation, the authors conducted many field investigations at the Lu brocade towns in southwestern Shandong, visited Chunqiuyuan Lu Brocade Museum of and Lu brocades Museum of China. Based on the research object of the Lu brocade collected by the museums and the Lu brocade hand-woven by intangible cultural heritage inheritors, and combined with the expression of intangible cultural heritage inheritors and weaving demonstrations, the authors analyzed artistic characteristics of patterns of Lu brocade from three aspects: pattern creation, color matching, and composition form, deeply explored the cultural connotation contained in the visual form, and revealed the intrinsic aesthetic function. This paper aims to better reflect the culture value of Lu brocade and provide a source of inspiration for its integration with modern design concepts.
Key words:
pattern of Lu brocade; basic pattern; artistic features; regionalism; artistic functions
魯錦是魯西南地區(qū)民間藝術(shù)具有代表性的一種傳統(tǒng)手工紡織品,是黃河文化歷史積淀的重要代表,也是集群眾藝術(shù)勞動(dòng)和生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)于一體的生產(chǎn)者自身所需的藝術(shù)形式,在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)民間造物藝術(shù)中占據(jù)著一席之地。明清時(shí)期,魯錦曾被當(dāng)?shù)毓倮糇鳛槌⒇暺愤M(jìn)獻(xiàn)給皇親貴族使用;至20世紀(jì)70年代,魯錦始終是魯西南地區(qū)人們生活中不可或缺的必需品。1985年山東省工藝美術(shù)研究所首次對(duì)魯錦調(diào)查研究,之后逐漸受到社會(huì)關(guān)注。1995年鄄城文物所所長(zhǎng)路維民籌資創(chuàng)辦了中國(guó)魯錦博物館;魯錦于2006年被列入第一批省級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄,2008年被國(guó)家非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)收錄,2018年作為上合峰會(huì)的請(qǐng)柬包裝呈現(xiàn)在各國(guó)家元首面前。筆者在對(duì)魯錦博物館路維民館長(zhǎng)采訪時(shí)得知,隨著現(xiàn)代紡織業(yè)的發(fā)展,機(jī)器逐漸代替手工,傳統(tǒng)的魯錦為純手工織造,由于技藝過(guò)于繁瑣,與現(xiàn)代快節(jié)奏的生活理念相悖,正面臨著圖案紋樣種類失傳、含義淡化等生存困境。近些年魯錦逐漸得到學(xué)術(shù)界部分學(xué)者專家的關(guān)注,梳理相關(guān)研究?jī)?nèi)容與方向上大都是從民俗學(xué)角度出發(fā),探討其文化價(jià)值體現(xiàn)和技藝?yán)^承發(fā)展。如任雪玲等[1]以魯錦的歷史發(fā)展為切入點(diǎn),探討了魯錦的圖案與工藝特色,提出了傳承和研發(fā)的建議;宋法強(qiáng)等[2]分析了魯錦的傳承現(xiàn)狀,提出在圖案、色彩、材質(zhì)方面進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新;劉娟等[3]對(duì)魯錦中典型紋樣的織造方法、組織結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了梳理總結(jié)。2019年8月至今,筆者多次對(duì)魯錦集中產(chǎn)區(qū)濟(jì)寧嘉祥和菏澤鄄城實(shí)地調(diào)研,觀摩魯錦傳承人劉春英老師演示織錦技藝并向老師學(xué)習(xí)魯錦技藝及其相關(guān)藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)手法。本文將以藝術(shù)學(xué)、美學(xué)與民俗學(xué)多學(xué)科結(jié)合,以劉春英老師口述資料并結(jié)合中國(guó)魯錦博物館館藏手工織錦實(shí)物為案例,對(duì)魯錦圖案的藝術(shù)特征進(jìn)行全面梳理,分析其審美功能,尋求傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)與現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)的契合點(diǎn),以期將魯錦的傳統(tǒng)造物美學(xué)與現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)理念相契合,使民俗文化融入日常生活,從而使其更好地賡衍。