聯(lián)合國(guó)歷史趣事

阿蘭特薩·古利亞斯·瓦弗爾德

On October 24， 1945—a long time ago—the United Nations， also known as the UN， was born. It has as its objective four purposes： keeping international peace and security， fostering friendly relations among nations， achieving international cooperation in solving international problems and promoting respect for human rights， and serving as a center that brings nations efforts together in harmony.

It is currently the largest international organization in existence， and it facilitates cooperation among countries and lays the groundwork for seeking a better world. This organization deserves honor after so many years of work， and its history is filled with interesting facts， famous people， and profound challenges.

The history of the United Nations

Even though it was founded in 1945， everything began much earlier. It was during wartime when then-President of the United States Franklin Roosevelt uttered the term， “united nations，” for the first time in the Declaration by United Nations on January 1， 1942， as an alliance of 26 countries committed to defending the Atlantic Charter. This 1941 document was proposed and signed onboard the HMS Prince of Wales somewhere in the Atlantic by Franklin Roosevelt and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom， Winston Churchill in order to establish a series of principles for international collaboration with the objective of maintaining peace and security.

After World War II， 51 countries signed the United Nations Charter， the international treaty that founded the organization and which defines the groundwork of its internal constitution. The act was celebrated in the city of San Francisco in the Veterans Building at the War Memorial Opera House， which is currently known as the Herbst Theatre.

The first General Assembly

On January 10， 1946， at Central Hall Westminster in London， the first session of the UN was held with its first 15 member states.

The UN headquarters

The main headquarters is located at First Avenue 750 in New York. Even though the organization wanted to build an independent city for its global headquarters， it was ultimately decided that what they needed was a vertical complex. So John D. Rockefeller financed the purchase of property in the city of skyscrapers. The architectural project was designed by Le Corbusier， Oscar Niemeyer， and Wallace K. Harrison， and construction was underway from 1948 to 1952.

The UN also has three regional headquarters： one in Geneva （Switzerland）， opened in 1946; another in Vienna （Austria） in 1980; and in Nairobi （Kenya） in 2011. These offices help represent the organizations interests and facilitate diplomatic activities.

The general assemblies take place at the global headquarters in a green and gold room that is 22 meters high and has 1898 seats.

The proclamation of Human Rights

In 1948， they proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights， one of the organizations most significant milestones in the fight for the freedom， equality， and dignity of all people.

The first woman in charge

Canadian diplomat Louise Frechette was named UN Deputy Secretary-General in 1999， chosen for the position by Kofi Annan， and thereby becoming the first woman in a position of high responsibility in the organization.

193 member countries and 6 official languages

South Sudan was the last country to join the UN as a member in July 2011， bringing the total to 193 member states.

The UN has 6 official languages： English， French， Spanish， Russian， Arabic， and Mandarin.

The UN brought hope to a society that lived through two world wars， an unequal society with a low education rate， scarce healthcare， low quality of infrastructure… Nonetheless， in 75 years， it has filled the pages of books， encyclopedias， websites on history and interesting facts， with profound achievements.

1945年10月24日，在那個(gè)久遠(yuǎn)的日子，聯(lián)合國(guó)誕生了。它有四個(gè)宗旨：維護(hù)國(guó)際和平與安全;發(fā)展國(guó)家間友好關(guān)系;在解決國(guó)際問題和促進(jìn)尊重人權(quán)上達(dá)成國(guó)際合作;成為協(xié)調(diào)各國(guó)行動(dòng)的中心。

聯(lián)合國(guó)是現(xiàn)存最大的國(guó)際組織。它促進(jìn)各國(guó)間的合作，為尋求一個(gè)更美好的世界奠定基礎(chǔ)。該組織多年的工作使其贏得了世人的尊敬，而它的歷史也充滿了趣事、名人和嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。

聯(lián)合國(guó)的歷史

盡管聯(lián)合國(guó)成立于1945年，但其源起要早得多。那是在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，時(shí)任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)富蘭克林·羅斯福于1942年1月1日發(fā)表的《聯(lián)合國(guó)宣言》中首次提出了“聯(lián)合國(guó)”這個(gè)詞，指由26個(gè)國(guó)家組成的聯(lián)盟，致力于捍衛(wèi)《大西洋憲章》。1941年，富蘭克林·羅斯福和時(shí)任英國(guó)首相溫斯頓·丘吉爾共同提出并在大西洋某處的“威爾士親王號(hào)”戰(zhàn)列艦上簽署了該憲章，目的是建立一系列國(guó)際合作原則以維護(hù)和平與安全。

第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，有51個(gè)國(guó)家簽署了《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》。該憲章是標(biāo)志聯(lián)合國(guó)成立的國(guó)際條約，闡述了聯(lián)合國(guó)內(nèi)部架構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。簽署的慶?；顒?dòng)在舊金山市退伍軍人大樓里的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)紀(jì)念歌劇院舉辦。該劇院現(xiàn)稱赫伯斯特劇院。

第一屆聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)

1946年1月10日，在倫敦威斯敏斯特中央大廳，首批15個(gè)會(huì)員國(guó)舉行了聯(lián)合國(guó)第一屆大會(huì)。

聯(lián)合國(guó)總部

聯(lián)合國(guó)總部位于紐約第一大道750號(hào)。盡管該組織希望建立一個(gè)獨(dú)立城市作為全球總部，但最終還是決定建一個(gè)綜合建筑群。于是，在這座摩天大樓林立的城市，約翰·D.洛克菲勒出資購(gòu)買了地皮。該建筑項(xiàng)目由勒柯布西耶、奧斯卡·尼邁耶和華萊士·K.哈里森設(shè)計(jì)，1948年到1952年施工建設(shè)完成。

聯(lián)合國(guó)還在三地設(shè)有辦事處：一個(gè)是日內(nèi)瓦辦事處（瑞士），1946年成立;另一個(gè)是維也納辦事處（奧地利），1980年成立;還有一個(gè)是內(nèi)羅畢辦事處（肯尼亞），2011年成立。這些機(jī)構(gòu)有助于代表聯(lián)合國(guó)的各項(xiàng)利益，并促進(jìn)各種外交活動(dòng)。

聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)在全球總部一個(gè)綠色和金色裝飾的房間里舉行。該房間高22米，有1898個(gè)席位。

人權(quán)宣言

1948年，聯(lián)合國(guó)公布了《世界人權(quán)宣言》，這是該組織在爭(zhēng)取所有人的自由、平等和尊嚴(yán)方面最重要的里程碑之一。

第一位女性負(fù)責(zé)人

1999年，加拿大外交官路易絲·弗雷謝特由科菲·安南選任為聯(lián)合國(guó)副秘書長(zhǎng)，從而成為該組織第一位身居高位的女性。

193個(gè)會(huì)員國(guó)和6種正式語文

2011年7月，南蘇丹共和國(guó)成為最新加入的聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)員國(guó)。至此，聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)員國(guó)總數(shù)達(dá)到193個(gè)。

聯(lián)合國(guó)有6種正式語文：英文、法文、西班牙文、俄文、阿拉伯文和中文。

聯(lián)合國(guó)為這個(gè)經(jīng)歷過兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的社會(huì)帶來了希望，這個(gè)社會(huì)仍不平等，教育率低下、醫(yī)療資源稀缺、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施質(zhì)量不高……然而，經(jīng)過75年的努力，聯(lián)合國(guó)取得了諸多重大成就，這些成就已記錄在各類圖書、百科全書、歷史和趣聞網(wǎng)站中。