嵩溪村的詩(shī)社

傅淑青

千年古村落嵩溪，位于浙江省浦江縣白馬鎮(zhèn)西北角的雞冠巖山麓下，歷來(lái)被人譽(yù)為“小杭州”。初一見，深感震撼、歡喜。那是7年前燥熱的盛夏之夜，我應(yīng)詩(shī)友邀請(qǐng)，來(lái)此小游。雖是夜晚，但古村落的獨(dú)特魅力并未被蒼茫夜色所遮掩，反而在這件黑色大衣的籠罩下越發(fā)顯得神秘。

這個(gè)自古就有濃郁文化氛圍的地方，最讓我念念不忘的不是青山環(huán)繞、碧水盈盈的秀麗風(fēng)光，不是那蜿蜿蜒蜒、千折百轉(zhuǎn)的幽深小巷，也不是青磚黑瓦馬頭墻、天井回廊雕花窗的成片古建筑，而是有300多年歷史、曾名噪一時(shí)的嵩溪學(xué)社。

來(lái)過(guò)，便不曾離開。此后無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)尋常日子，我一趟趟往嵩溪跑，一次次翻閱與嵩溪學(xué)社有關(guān)的資料。哪怕只查找到與之相關(guān)的只言片語(yǔ)，我都會(huì)像享受饕餮大餐一樣細(xì)細(xì)咀嚼。

一

嵩溪人素來(lái)熱愛(ài)傳統(tǒng)文化，農(nóng)忙時(shí)朝耕暮耘、拽耙扶犁，閑暇時(shí)研經(jīng)讀史、舞文弄墨。自宋代起，嵩溪就涌現(xiàn)出一批工詩(shī)文、善書畫的文人雅士。明朝初年，就有嵩溪先賢與各地群賢酬詩(shī)題贈(zèng)的記載（見《浦陽(yáng)嵩溪邵氏族譜》）。追根溯源，許是四面環(huán)山、峰巒疊翠、草木繁盛的自然景觀，點(diǎn)燃了嵩溪先賢的靈感，激發(fā)了創(chuàng)作的欲望。

清康熙三十二年（1693年），嵩溪學(xué)者徐敬臣創(chuàng)建了“嵩溪詩(shī)社”（嵩溪學(xué)社的前身），與村中志同道合的詩(shī)友和各地的能詩(shī)善畫者相互唱和、切磋詩(shī)藝、議論時(shí)弊，留下了大量反映時(shí)代風(fēng)貌的詩(shī)作和畫作。嵩溪詩(shī)社一度在浙中聞名遐邇。

風(fēng)流總被雨打風(fēng)吹去。據(jù)《嵩溪村志》記載，清嘉慶二十五年（1820年）農(nóng)歷七月初九，嵩溪突發(fā)大火。320余戶民居房被大火付之一炬，先人留下的珍貴詩(shī)稿就此蕩然無(wú)存。

歷時(shí)已有120余年的嵩溪詩(shī)社被按下了“暫停鍵”，但厚重的文化底蘊(yùn)卻遺留了下來(lái)，成為了嵩溪人寶貴的精神財(cái)富。毫不夸張地說(shuō)，這是浙江省內(nèi)最“長(zhǎng)壽”的村級(jí)詩(shī)社，其時(shí)間跨度之大在國(guó)內(nèi)也屬罕見。

二

1978年改革開放，窩在山坳坳里的嵩溪把握住了機(jī)遇，村民們放下鋤頭，紛紛壘起了土窯，做起了開采礦體、燒制石灰的營(yíng)生，吸引了省內(nèi)外大量客商。嵩溪經(jīng)濟(jì)最鼎盛時(shí)期，村中光三輪拖拉機(jī)就有300余輛，涌現(xiàn)了一大批“萬(wàn)元戶”，村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)最多時(shí)達(dá)到180余萬(wàn)元，嵩溪村也因此在縣內(nèi)外聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)。

有了寬裕的物質(zhì)生活，嵩溪人又開始追求精神層面的富足。20世紀(jì)80年代中期，村里人有了重建嵩溪詩(shī)社的打算。

“我是原杭州大學(xué)附中（即杭州學(xué)軍中學(xué)前身）畢業(yè)的，有一定的文學(xué)功底，又喜歡詩(shī)詞，做了幾年村里的圖書管理員，在村里也算文化人。村領(lǐng)導(dǎo)找到我，要我和邵繼材、徐心庚、徐永諍、徐承松等人一起重建嵩溪詩(shī)社。重建目的是什么？如果只是走形式、走過(guò)場(chǎng)，沒(méi)有任何意義。我數(shù)次和在省社會(huì)科學(xué)院工作的鄉(xiāng)賢徐儒宗通信商議，并向別的詩(shī)社取經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)。我們最后確定了辦詩(shī)社的基調(diào)：既要‘陽(yáng)春白雪，也要‘下里巴人;既要壯大詩(shī)詞書畫，也要發(fā)展剪紙、攝影、昆曲、道情等藝術(shù)品類，要讓每個(gè)社員都有選擇的余地。只有這樣，才能吸引村民參與進(jìn)來(lái)。”嵩溪學(xué)社前任社長(zhǎng)、農(nóng)民詩(shī)人徐千意回憶。

1986年端午節(jié)，嵩溪詩(shī)社正式更名為嵩溪學(xué)社，并制定了詳盡的《社約》?！渡缂s》確定了學(xué)社的性質(zhì)，“自愿結(jié)合的業(yè)余學(xué)習(xí)文化知識(shí)的群眾性社團(tuán)組織”;學(xué)社對(duì)社員的要求是“以自學(xué)為主，持之以恒，師友間自由探討交流，互相學(xué)習(xí)，共同進(jìn)步”;學(xué)社不設(shè)門檻，不論男女老少、不論水平高低、不論文化程度，“凡村民之愛(ài)好文史、詩(shī)詞、書畫、科技等各種文化知識(shí)者，均可申請(qǐng)入社”，且不向社員收取任何活動(dòng)經(jīng)費(fèi)。

1988年端午節(jié)，浙江省詩(shī)詞學(xué)會(huì)在杭州舉行成立大會(huì)，嵩溪學(xué)社應(yīng)邀派代表參加，成為浙江省詩(shī)詞學(xué)會(huì)唯一的村級(jí)團(tuán)體會(huì)員。

三

一個(gè)古老的村級(jí)詩(shī)社，營(yíng)造了嵩溪村濃郁的文化氛圍，滋養(yǎng)了一代又一代人。

不論耄耋老者，還是垂髫小兒，每個(gè)嵩溪人似乎都充滿藝術(shù)細(xì)胞。在日光熹微的清晨和星月傾瀉的夜晚，在嵩溪漫步，總能遇見三五成群的文藝愛(ài)好者聚集在一起，靜寂的時(shí)光被他們賦予了更多的意義。

經(jīng)過(guò)30多年的發(fā)展，嵩溪學(xué)社吸納的社員已有百余位之多。其中，國(guó)家級(jí)會(huì)員3人，省級(jí)會(huì)員9人。

詩(shī)詞是嵩溪學(xué)社歷史最為悠久的門類。從2011年起，浦江每年都會(huì)籌辦一次“農(nóng)民賽詩(shī)會(huì)”，這已成為當(dāng)?shù)匾粡埼幕⒃诮阋粠Т虺隽瞬恍〉拿麣?。每屆賽?shī)會(huì)嵩溪學(xué)社都不曾缺席，激烈角逐的舞臺(tái)上，每年都有嵩溪農(nóng)民詩(shī)人的身影。

“在我們村，聚在一起的都是喜歡文藝的朋友，吃吃喝喝的很少，基本都在討論詩(shī)詞與書畫，談?wù)撨@幅畫的布局、這首詩(shī)的韻味。也有人說(shuō)我們村都是一幫‘書呆子，我們從不解釋，那種精神上的愉悅與心靈上的滿足，用語(yǔ)言是表達(dá)不清楚的?！睂W(xué)社副社長(zhǎng)兼秘書長(zhǎng)邵陸甫說(shuō)得極其誠(chéng)懇。

四

邵崇星生長(zhǎng)于嵩溪的一個(gè)普通農(nóng)家，父母雖是沒(méi)念過(guò)多少書的農(nóng)民，但受村里大環(huán)境的影響，他們?nèi)灾С趾⒆訉W(xué)習(xí)書法和國(guó)畫。直到現(xiàn)在，嵩溪村民仍把傳統(tǒng)文化當(dāng)作精神圖騰，仍會(huì)大力鼓勵(lì)下一代研習(xí)。這樣的自發(fā)傳承，在當(dāng)?shù)厥且环N時(shí)尚和風(fēng)尚。

除了父母的有意培育，嵩溪學(xué)社針對(duì)中小學(xué)生也有一系列培養(yǎng)舉措。每年暑假，村里都會(huì)舉辦免費(fèi)夏令營(yíng)。從2019年起，在邵陸甫的牽頭組織下，學(xué)社開設(shè)了周末課堂，免費(fèi)培訓(xùn)硬筆書法、毛筆書法、國(guó)畫等，受到中小學(xué)生的普遍歡迎。

另外，為激發(fā)后學(xué)，傳承傳統(tǒng)，嵩溪學(xué)社還會(huì)不定期舉行詩(shī)詞講座，并邀請(qǐng)縣內(nèi)外詩(shī)書畫名家進(jìn)村授課，村里的詩(shī)詞愛(ài)好者都可以參加。除此，還開展了不少“請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)、走出去”的活動(dòng)，例如每年春節(jié)、重陽(yáng)，在村內(nèi)舉辦大型詩(shī)書畫展，邀請(qǐng)省內(nèi)外文化學(xué)者前來(lái)點(diǎn)評(píng);與縣內(nèi)外詩(shī)社共同交流創(chuàng)作心得;與縣美術(shù)家協(xié)會(huì)舉辦聯(lián)展;籌辦各類采風(fēng)活動(dòng)……

“學(xué)社即將進(jìn)行換屆選舉，目的就是提高隊(duì)伍的凝聚力和向心力，繼續(xù)提升嵩溪學(xué)社的美譽(yù)度和知名度。相信在所有社員的齊心協(xié)力下，嵩溪學(xué)社定能煥發(fā)新生機(jī)和新活力?！鄙坳懜φf(shuō)。

由于年代久遠(yuǎn)，關(guān)于“嵩溪詩(shī)社”的記載并不多，我們只能通過(guò)《浦江縣志》《嵩溪村志》等書卷中的寥寥數(shù)語(yǔ)，遙想嵩溪前輩先賢的用心歌詠。好在嵩溪人仍在發(fā)揚(yáng)和傳承“嵩溪詩(shī)社”的遺風(fēng)，這是嵩溪最美麗、最風(fēng)雅、最動(dòng)人的風(fēng)景。

Songxi， a village nestled at the foot of Cockscomb Rock Mountain in the northwest of White Horse Town in Pujiang， is traditionally known as Little Hangzhou. Seven years ago I first visited the village of more than 1，000 years. I was deeply impressed by Songxi Poetry Society， which was founded in 1693 and made a reputation in the literary circles back in the Qing Dynasty （1644-1911）. Since then I have visited Songxi many times， trying to learn more about the poets in the region centuries ago.

I think Songxi Poetry Society is probably the most ancient and yet still-alive village-level poetry organization in China. The people of Songxi followed a tradition of farming and culturing themselves to be artists， poets and government officials. The way of life was a social norm in the rural and feudal China. From the Song Dynasty （960-1279） on， some Songxi locals made their names into history as poets， painters， calligraphers. According to a clan history book， some celebrated poets of Songxi met with poets from other places and they happily compared notes with each other. The picturesque rural scenes around Songxi inspired local poets.

So it was only a matter of time for a poetry society to appear in Songxi. Quite a number of poems composed by members of the society have come down to history. The society made a reputation in central Zhejiang.

The biggest blow the society had was a fire on the ninth day of the seventh month on the lunar calendar in 1820. The conflagration burned down all the 320 houses in the village and， in particular， destroyed all the manuscripts of poems.

The society made a comeback in the last years of the Qing （1644-1911） and it survived in the first decades of the 20th century. But its influence was negligible.

The poetry societys renaissance was made possible by Chinas modernization drive in the late 1970s. Residents of Songxi engaged in business and the village became reputed for its economic prosperity. In the 1980s， someone in the village thought of the poetry society in history and planned to bring it back.

In May 1986， the society was officially brought back and was called Songxi Cultural Studies Society. Of course， its members included some rural poets and painters and calligraphers. In 1988， the society sent some representatives to attend the founding ceremony of Zhejiang Poetry Society. The Songxi Cultural Studies Society became the only village-level member of the provincial organization.

The village society has enjoyed a widespread reputation since Pujiang County started a poetry competition for rural residents in 2011. The annual event has attracted poets from all over the county. Songxi village has produced quite a few winners.

Producing winners at the county competition is only part of the things the Society does. It holds lectures on poetry frequently. It invites painters and calligraphers to conduct study courses at the village. In summer， village artists and calligraphers hold a summer camp and teach youngsters. During the Spring Festival and the Duanwu Festival， the society hosts an exhibition featuring works by village poets， painters， and calligraphers; masters from outside are invited to review exhibits and provide suggestions and advices. The society holds regular events in partnership with other poetry societies. Now and then， the society and the countys artists association host exhibitions jointly.

In the eyes of some outsiders， Songxi is a village of bookworms. “We dont bother to explain. The spiritual joy and contentment resulted from art and poetry are beyond words，” says Shao Lufu， vice president and secretary general of the society.