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      重積累,熟套路,促續(xù)寫

      2020-11-16 06:07:30黃湘
      廣東教育·高中 2020年10期
      關(guān)鍵詞:故事類套路句型

      黃湘

      讀后續(xù)寫要求考生閱讀一篇記敘文后,根據(jù)故事發(fā)展的脈絡(luò),進(jìn)行文章故事發(fā)展的續(xù)寫。本文著重談?wù)勅绾卧谌粘5膶W(xué)習(xí)中,積累素材,把握套路,應(yīng)對讀后續(xù)寫。

      一、有效閱讀原文,提取重要信息

      記敘類文章通常以時(shí)間為順序,用直觀、形象的語言描述人物故事或事情經(jīng)過。考生在閱讀的過程中,要理清原文的思路和關(guān)注故事的要素,如時(shí)間、人物、地點(diǎn)、事情,理清事情發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,考生根據(jù)邏輯,充分展開想象,發(fā)散性思維對故事進(jìn)行續(xù)寫。續(xù)寫的故事必須符合邏輯,有著積極的思想意義。若能給故事一個(gè)意想不到的結(jié)尾,將會(huì)加深閱卷老師的印象,更有可能獲取高分。寫作時(shí),要特別注意文章的時(shí)態(tài),故事類文章一般敘述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的故事。若原文使用的是一般過去時(shí),在續(xù)寫時(shí)也應(yīng)該保持和原文一致的時(shí)態(tài)。

      此外,要理解人物關(guān)系和人物之間的對話。為了使表達(dá)簡練、生動(dòng)和行文流暢,記敘文多使用代詞替代前文出現(xiàn)的人物或事情,對話中有時(shí)也沒有明確列出說話人的名字。考生需要根據(jù)事情發(fā)展,通過邏輯、因果關(guān)系判斷指代關(guān)系和對話所屬。而在續(xù)寫部分,考生要清晰地說明某人做了什么事情,在不重復(fù)表達(dá)的前提下,可多運(yùn)用實(shí)詞,避免過多使用代詞導(dǎo)致含糊不清、指代不明。假設(shè)要描述故事主人公John,不宜通篇使用John或者h(yuǎn)e,可以根據(jù)故事情節(jié)、人物特點(diǎn)等,變換表達(dá)稱呼主人公,如John, the smart boy, the leader(人物在故事中的身份地位), he等詞替換使用,豐富文章,避免單一枯燥。

      二、高效積累,有效備考

      在日常的閱讀中,考生可多留意故事類文章的表達(dá),提前做好歸納積累,以備讀后續(xù)寫之用。讀后續(xù)寫給予考生很大的發(fā)展空間,因此在續(xù)寫的過程中,考生可以有效運(yùn)用日常積累中的好詞好句,只要情節(jié)合理、思想積極便可。以下歸納常見的故事類寫作的用語:

      1. 天氣、景物描寫(以襯托故事背景和人物心情)。如:

      rainy, cloudy, windy, freezing cold, the bitter weather等。

      The extreme weather put them at risk.

      The beautiful sky was dotted with stars.

      The trees are coated with snow.

      With dark clouds hanging low, she could barely make out her father lying on his back, trapped under the truck.

      2. 人物心情描寫。

      (1)to ones +n. 結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

      to ones(great) surprise / amazement / delight / embarrassment / disappointment

      (2)so adj./ adv. + that句型。如:

      He was so scared that he didnt dare to move an inch.

      (3)adj. +enough to do sth句型。如:

      Bob was confident enough to solve all the problems by himself.

      (4)be overwhelmed with+n.(joy / sorrow / frustration)短語。

      (5)與人物外表相關(guān)的詞匯。如:

      pretty, beautiful, handsome, good-looking, elegant, attractive, charming, plain, ugly, tall, short, plump, overweight, thin, slim, smart, strong, weak, shy, be of medium height, wear long hair, wear a pair of glasses, be well /neatly / poorly dressed, be in rags, be dressed in等。

      (6)與人物心情相關(guān)的詞匯。如:

      happy, satisfied, content, contented, delighted, thrilled, excited, disappointed, frustrated, depressed, frightened, scared, surprised, amazed, astonished, be cast down, with a surprised/ disappointed look, the determined look on ones face, feel regretful, feel a sense of(regret, accomplishment, achievement), be tired out, be worn out, be exhausted, do sth. out of curiosity/ respect等。

      My heart was beating fast.

      The poor girl was at a loss what to do with the threat.

      (7)與人物品性相關(guān)的詞匯。如:

      honest, modest, responsible, humorous, helpful, friendly, hospitable, kind, kind-hearted, generous, smart, diligent, hard-working, trustworthy, reliable, sincere, thoughtful, ambitions, aggressive, brave, courageous, active, passive, patient, impatient optimistic, pessimistic, dependent, independent, mean, greedy, selfish, shy等。

      以上對人物的描寫,可以換用with + n. 結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

      be honest = be a person with honesty

      3. 人物動(dòng)作描寫。

      (1)多積累同類動(dòng)作的不同表達(dá),在寫作時(shí)選擇最合適的用詞。如:

      接近:approach, get close to

      趕上:catch up with, keep pace with

      追跑:run, dash, race, chase

      看:glare, stare, glance, gaze

      放置:put, place, position, locate

      哭笑:smile, laugh, burst into laughter / tears, burst out laughing / crying, cry, weep, sob

      回答:shout, answer, reply, add(補(bǔ)充說到),

      行走:walk, step, pace

      完成:finish, accomplish, undertake, achieve

      挽救:rescue, come to ones rescue

      引起注意:catch / arrest /capture ones attention

      流淚:

      Tears were blinding me.

      Tears well up in ones eyes.

      Tears roll down on ones cheeks.

      (2)使用副詞或“with+n.”的狀語結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步描寫人物行為動(dòng)作。如:

      sigh with relief, reply with a smile, tremble with terror,

      David carefully positioned the cup on the edge of the shelf.

      David positioned the cup on the edge of the shelf with care.

      4. 故事思想意義。

      可以使用以下結(jié)構(gòu):

      (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句:It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 句子剩余部分。

      通常強(qiáng)調(diào)句子主語部分,與人物精神、品質(zhì)相關(guān)。如:

      It is the leaders wisdom that enabled all the fellows to arrive safely at the destination.

      (2)It takes +抽象名詞+ to do sth句型。如:

      It takes patience and courage to accomplish the task.

      (3)熟記與人物成就相關(guān)的表達(dá)。如:

      lift up ones spirits, achieve ones goal, realize ones dream, overcome the difficulty, face the challenge / problem, shoulder ones responsibility, show respect for sb., raise the efficiency, remain calm / optimistic, hold an optimistic attitude, spare no efforts to do / try ones best to do / do ones utmost to do sth., be lost in thought, be deep in thought

      (4)積累有關(guān)動(dòng)作、時(shí)間先后、引出故事起因發(fā)展、故事承啟轉(zhuǎn)折等短語和句型。如:

      immediately, instantly, in no time, finally, eventually, luckily, unluckily, fortunately, unfortunately, better still, worse still, the other day, several days ago, in the days that followed, There was a time when ... , It was the first time that sb. had done, The moment/The minute/ The instance ... , as soon as, be about to do ... when, be on the point of doing ... when, It was not long before ... , It turned out that ... , end up doing sth., in spite of, regardless of, despite

      5. 積累其他優(yōu)美句子。如:

      Curiosity drove him into the room.

      Out went the lady.(全倒裝)

      In vain did he scare away the fierce animal.

      Though caught in the rain unexpectedly, we still progressed with all our strength. Eventually, our efforts paid off.

      三、勤練習(xí),培養(yǎng)信心

      考生首先要克服對該題型的恐懼,并通過不斷的練習(xí)來提高寫作的熟練程度。在遇到故事類文章的時(shí)候,可以口頭續(xù)寫該文。例如,高考口語考試PART C部分就是對故事的復(fù)述,考生在完成復(fù)述后,可以繼續(xù)以此故事為依據(jù),口頭續(xù)寫故事。在閱讀課文時(shí),也可以對課文里的故事進(jìn)行續(xù)寫。

      重視積累,提前構(gòu)思并熟悉套路,便可以快速掌握讀后續(xù)寫的技巧。養(yǎng)兵千日,用在一時(shí)。本文所涉及的表達(dá),在閱讀理解的文章也經(jīng)常可見,因此建議考生要做英語學(xué)習(xí)的有心人,分門別類地積累故事類寫作中常用的套路。寫作時(shí),優(yōu)先考慮平時(shí)的積累,使用積累去套用考場上遇到的文章,而并非遇到每一篇新的文章,都臨場構(gòu)思新的表達(dá)。提前積累,做好準(zhǔn)備,考場上便可以提高效率,更好地潤色文章,輕易爭取高分。

      責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青

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