呂玲燕 汪燕玲 潘星辰
摘要:為探討吡格列酮(PIO)對(duì)豬卵母細(xì)胞體外成熟及孤雌胚胎發(fā)育的影響,比較了不同濃度PIO對(duì)卵母細(xì)胞的體外成熟狀況以及孤雌胚胎體外發(fā)育潛能的影響。結(jié)果表明,成熟培養(yǎng)液中添加1.0 μmol/L PIO組的極體排出率顯著高于0.5 μmol/L添加組(P<0.05),極顯著高于對(duì)照和1.5 μmol/L添加組(P<0.01)。對(duì)在4種PIO濃度中培養(yǎng)成熟的卵母細(xì)胞進(jìn)行孤雌激活,結(jié)果表明,添加1.0 μmol/L PIO組的卵裂率顯著高于0.5 μmol/L添加組(P<0.05),極顯著高于對(duì)照和1.5 μmol/L添加組(P<0.01);就囊胚率及細(xì)胞總數(shù)而言,1.0 μmol/L PIO添加組極顯著高于對(duì)照、0.5、1.5 μmol/ L這3個(gè)PIO添加組(P<0.01),表明成熟培養(yǎng)液中添加1.0 μmol/L PIO有助于提高豬卵母細(xì)胞的成熟率,以及孤雌胚胎的囊胚率和囊胚細(xì)胞總數(shù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:吡格列酮;豬;卵母細(xì)胞;孤雌胚胎;發(fā)育效果
中圖分類號(hào):S828;Q954.4 ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2020)17-0093-04
Abstract: Aiming to investigate the effects of pioglitazone(PIO) on oocytesmaturation in vitro and parthenogenetic embryos development of pig, the effect of different concentration PIO on oocytes maturation in vitro and parthenogenetic embryos developmental potency were compared. The results showed that the polar body excretion rate of 1.0 μmol/L PIO-treated group was significantly higher than that of 0.5 μmol/L PIO-treated group in maturation medium(P<0.05),was very significantly higher that of control an 1.5 μmol/L PIO-treated group(P<0.01). The mature oocytes cultured in different concentrations PIO were parthenogenetic activated, the experimental results showed that the cleavage rate of the 1.0 μmol/L PIO group was significantly higher than of the 0.5 μmol/L group in embryo ?culture medium(P<0.05), was very significantly higher than that of the control and 1.5 μmol/L PIO group (P<0.01), as for the blastocyst rate and the total number of cells, the group of the 1.0 μmol/L PIO-treated group was the highest among the groups (P<0.01). ?In conclusion, 1.0 μmol/L PIO in maturation medium could improve the maturation rate of porcine oocyte, also could significantly improve the blastocyst rate and the total number of cells of porcine parthenogenetic embryos.
Key words: pioglitazone; pig;oocytes; parthenogenetic embryos; developmental effect
豬胚胎工程的發(fā)展極大地推進(jìn)了畜牧業(yè)和醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)程,通過(guò)它可以改良品種、培育抗病豬種提高肉質(zhì)、生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)基因豬或基因組修飾豬、制備人類疾病模型、進(jìn)行器官移植、生產(chǎn)藥物蛋白、研究發(fā)育機(jī)理等[1]。胚胎的體外培養(yǎng)是豬胚胎工程的主要環(huán)節(jié)之一,無(wú)論是孤雌激活、體外受精(IVF) 、核移植技術(shù)還是基因打靶、基因敲除技術(shù),所生產(chǎn)的胚胎都要經(jīng)過(guò)體外培養(yǎng),發(fā)育到適當(dāng)?shù)碾A段才能進(jìn)行后續(xù)的研究,然而后續(xù)的胚胎發(fā)育過(guò)程都離不開(kāi)前期卵母細(xì)胞的成熟培養(yǎng)。豬的卵母細(xì)胞與其他物種的卵母細(xì)胞相比,其含有較豐富的脂肪滴[2],脂肪滴作為一種特殊的細(xì)胞器,廣泛存在于各種細(xì)胞中尤其是脂肪細(xì)胞中[3,4]。Goodman[5]、Brown[6]研究表明脂肪滴是一種存儲(chǔ)能量、調(diào)節(jié)脂質(zhì)動(dòng)態(tài)平衡及細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)的重要細(xì)胞器,Kikuch等[7]研究表明脂肪滴在卵母細(xì)胞成熟和早期胚胎發(fā)育過(guò)程中具有重要的作用。目前學(xué)者對(duì)卵母細(xì)胞和早期胚胎發(fā)育過(guò)程中關(guān)于脂質(zhì)合成、沉積、代謝等方面的研究相對(duì)較少,因此本試驗(yàn)首次加入吡格列酮(PIO,治療糖尿病藥物),探索添加PIO對(duì)豬卵母細(xì)胞脂質(zhì)的合成、代謝、沉積等方面的影響,以及PIO對(duì)豬卵母細(xì)胞成熟狀況及孤雌胚胎早期發(fā)育的影響,為更好地提高體外生產(chǎn)(IVP)豬胚胎的囊胚發(fā)育率提供理論依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 主要試劑和器材
胎牛血清(FBS)購(gòu)自Hyclone公司,TCM-199粉劑、DMEM粉劑購(gòu)自美國(guó)Gbico公司,激素eCG、hCG購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司,其余的化學(xué)試劑如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明均購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma Aldrich公司。配制溶液的水均為dd H2O。
試驗(yàn)器材有:實(shí)體顯微鏡(日本NIKON)、CO2培養(yǎng)箱(Thermo Life Science)、細(xì)胞融合儀(型號(hào):ECM2001)、融合槽(型號(hào):BTX 450)、卵母細(xì)胞成熟培養(yǎng)皿(35 mm及60 mm塑料平皿)、胚胎培養(yǎng)皿(四孔板)。
1.2 試驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1 卵母細(xì)胞的成熟培養(yǎng) 豬的卵巢來(lái)源于南寧市屠宰場(chǎng),裝入含有雙抗(青霉素、鏈霉素)25~35 ℃的生理鹽水中,用保溫壺4 h之內(nèi)送回實(shí)驗(yàn)室。取卵巢表面2~6 mm的卵泡,試管中靜置,棄去上清,留沉淀部分分裝。挑選含有3層及以上有顆粒,卵丘細(xì)胞包被、折光性良好的卵丘卵母細(xì)胞復(fù)合體(COCs),放入成熟液中(含10 IU/mL hCG+10 IU/mL eCG)培養(yǎng),將卵母細(xì)胞隨機(jī)分成4組:第一組為空白對(duì)照組;第二組添加0.5 μmol/L PIO;第三組添加1.0 μmol/L PIO;第四組添加1.5 μmol/L PIO,20~22 h后換成不含激素的培養(yǎng)液,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)18~20 h至細(xì)胞成熟。
1.2.2 孤雌胚胎的激活、培養(yǎng)以及囊胚細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù) 將在不同濃度PIO中培養(yǎng)的成熟卵母細(xì)胞進(jìn)行孤雌激活,參數(shù)為:125 V/mm,80 μs,1 DC,激活液成分為0.3 mol/L甘露醇+0.1 mmol/L MgSO4+0.1 mmol/L CaCl2+0.01% PVA(聚乙烯醇)。激活完成后,將激活后的孤雌胚胎放入PZM-3(胚胎培養(yǎng)液-3)中培養(yǎng),胚胎標(biāo)記為4組,分別為對(duì)照組(CK)、0.5 μmol/L PIO組、1.0 μmol/L PIO組、1.5 μmol/L PIO組。48 h后觀察卵裂率,160~168 h后觀察囊胚率。在培養(yǎng)的第6至第7天收集囊胚,置于Hoechst33342染液中,石蠟-凡士林封片,熒光顯微鏡下觀察記錄囊胚細(xì)胞的總數(shù)目。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析
試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,所有試驗(yàn)4次重復(fù)。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 不同濃度PIO對(duì)卵母細(xì)胞體外成熟效率的影響
從表1可以看出,在卵母細(xì)胞的成熟培養(yǎng)液中添加不同濃度的PIO,培養(yǎng)40~44 h后,添加1.0 μmol/L PIO組的極體排出率最高,顯著高于對(duì)照和1.5 μmol/L PIO組。卵母細(xì)胞成熟液中添加1.0 μmol/L PIO能顯著促進(jìn)卵母細(xì)胞第一極體的排出;從圖1可以看出,卵母細(xì)胞成熟液中添加1.0 μmol/L PIO能顯著促進(jìn)卵母細(xì)胞的成熟發(fā)育。
2.2 成熟培養(yǎng)液中不同濃度PIO對(duì)孤雌胚胎發(fā)育效果的影響
對(duì)在不同濃度PIO中培養(yǎng)成熟的卵母細(xì)胞進(jìn)行孤雌激活,培養(yǎng)160~168 h。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果(表2)表明,添加1.0 μmol/L PIO組的卵裂率顯著高于對(duì)照和1.5 μmol/L PIO添加組;就囊胚率及細(xì)胞總數(shù)而言,1.0 μmol/L PIO添加組顯著高于其他3個(gè)處理;試驗(yàn)結(jié)果(圖2)表明,1.0 μmol/L PIO中培養(yǎng)成熟的卵母細(xì)胞進(jìn)行孤雌激活后的胚胎發(fā)育良好,經(jīng)Hoechst 33342染色后的囊胚細(xì)胞數(shù)目顯著增加。
3 小結(jié)與討論
優(yōu)化培養(yǎng)體系對(duì)于卵母細(xì)胞的體外成熟以及后續(xù)胚胎發(fā)育至關(guān)重要[8]。大多學(xué)者認(rèn)為代謝異常能減低卵母細(xì)胞在體外培養(yǎng)的成熟率以及胚胎的發(fā)育能力。因此研究者們[9, 10]通過(guò)在培養(yǎng)體系中改變溫度、補(bǔ)充各類生長(zhǎng)因子、活化劑、抗氧化劑等途徑來(lái)改善卵母細(xì)胞的成熟和胚胎的發(fā)育。豬的卵母細(xì)胞和胚胎與其他物種的相比,其含有較豐富的脂肪滴[2],正是由于它的內(nèi)脂質(zhì)含量較高,從而為人們更好地了解卵母細(xì)胞在成熟過(guò)程中脂質(zhì)和脂肪酸代謝提供了一種很好的模型。Dunning等[11]、Gardner等[12]研究表明,脂質(zhì)代謝通過(guò)脂肪酸氧化途徑在線粒體中產(chǎn)生能量物質(zhì)ATP。而Guan等[13]、Sanchez-Lazo等[14]研究則表明,脂肪酸的合成和氧化對(duì)促進(jìn)卵母細(xì)胞成熟和胚胎發(fā)育是必不可少的。在體外成熟過(guò)程中,脂肪酸氧化下調(diào)能減少小鼠胚胎的增殖[15]以及擾亂牛胚胎的發(fā)育[16]。因此, 脂質(zhì)代謝的調(diào)節(jié)對(duì)于改善哺乳動(dòng)物卵母細(xì)胞體外成熟和胚胎發(fā)育具有重要的意義。
PIO是一種抗糖尿病和高血糖的藥物,屬于噻唑烷二酮家族,尤其是對(duì)2型糖尿病效果顯著。Phongnimitr等[8]、Wang等[17]研究表明,PIO也是一種PPARG激動(dòng)劑,通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)兔、牛體內(nèi)活性氧、谷胱甘肽和酶的活性來(lái)防止氧化應(yīng)激。此外,Bogacka等[18]研究結(jié)果表明,PIO能通過(guò)改變碳水化合物和脂質(zhì)代謝相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)從而促進(jìn)脂肪細(xì)胞中的脂質(zhì)沉積和增強(qiáng)β氧化反應(yīng)。然而PIO對(duì)豬卵母細(xì)胞體外成熟以及后續(xù)胚胎發(fā)育的影響鮮有相關(guān)報(bào)道。
因此本試驗(yàn)試圖探索添加PIO對(duì)豬卵母細(xì)胞體外成熟的影響,以及對(duì)孤雌胚胎早期發(fā)育的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,與對(duì)照相比,成熟培養(yǎng)液中添加不同濃度的PIO均能有效提高豬卵母細(xì)胞的成熟率,其中1.0 μmol/L PIO效果最好;添加1.0 μmol/L PIO還能顯著提高豬孤雌胚胎的卵裂率、囊胚率及囊胚細(xì)胞總數(shù)。Sang-Gi等[19]研究結(jié)果表明,用1.0 μmol/L PIO處理體外成熟的卵母細(xì)胞,通過(guò)在卵母細(xì)胞中提高脂質(zhì)代謝和抗氧化應(yīng)激,從而促進(jìn)卵母細(xì)胞的成熟以及改善后續(xù)孤雌胚胎的發(fā)育、增加孤雌胚胎的囊胚細(xì)胞數(shù),本試驗(yàn)的研究成果與Sang-Gi等[19]得出的結(jié)論相一致。Song等[20]研究結(jié)果表明,用50 μmol/L PPARG激動(dòng)劑羅格列酮(Rosiglitazone)處理體外成熟的卵母細(xì)胞能顯著增加其成熟率,本試驗(yàn)中添加的PIO(同屬于噻唑烷二酮家族)也具有相同的作用。徐禮杰等[21]研究結(jié)果表明,抗氧化物質(zhì)PIO可促進(jìn)小鼠胚胎發(fā)育,有效克服胚胎體外2-細(xì)胞發(fā)育阻滯現(xiàn)象,本試驗(yàn)的研究結(jié)果與徐禮杰等[21]得出的結(jié)論相一致。至于PIO促進(jìn)卵母細(xì)胞體外成熟以及孤雌胚胎發(fā)育、增加孤雌囊胚細(xì)胞數(shù)的具體作用機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步研究。
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