• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Emergency Evacuation Plan of the Louvre Based on Cellular Automata Superposition Model

    2020-10-27 08:15:24XIEJiayong謝嘉泳LIQiqi李琪琪LONGJiali

    XIEJiayong(謝嘉泳),LIQiqi(李琪琪),LONGJiali

    School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China

    Abstract: The Louvre is a famous French building and a tourist attraction. It is of great significance to make an emergency evacuation plan for tourists. A social force model and cellular automata were established to simulate the crowd evacuation in unidimensional plane, and then the downstairs model was considered to simulate three-dimensional evacuation. Finally the real evacuation situation was simulated, considering the hazard source as well as other factors. The study found that the exit was closer to the corner, and the evacuation distance of descending stairs could be controlled between 0.3 and 0.6 m to maximize evacuation efficiency. The influence of the hazard at the edge of the channel was greater than that at the center of the channel. Therefore, in the process of evacuation, the staff should be guided to the nearest exit, to maintain the optimal distance, the staff to eliminate the danger source in the center of the passage.

    Key words: evacuation; self-propelled particles; cellular automaton; optimal exit

    Introduction

    Increasing terrorist attacks force us to establish a plan for the evacuation of the Louvre in case of emergency[1-2]. In order to let all the tourists leave the building safely as soon as possible, once the evacuation is informed, the tourists need tond the best exit and choose the best escape route according to their own situation at that time,to empty the building as soon as possible.

    The Louvre has four regular exits and many secret exits, which should be fully utilized in the modeling process. It is important to consider emergency evacuees and tourist exits. At the same time, given the low security of secret exports, it is necessary to measure whether and when to use these additional exports. Therefore, we established a social force model[3-7]and considered the influence of staircase factors and the location of the hazard. What’s more, the simulation of cellular automata travel is introduced into the hazard source location model, which is also one of the biggest innovations in our article. In addition, we also need to consider the inuence of language[8], waiting time and other factors on the evacuation plan[9-11].

    1 Model and Methods

    1.1 A social force model

    Figure 1 illustrates the floor plan of the Louvre and the schematic diagram of our model. The system size of the model isL, and the exit width iss, anddis the distance between the corner and the exit.

    Fig. 1 Social force model: (a) floor plan of Louvre and (b) schematic diagram

    Based on the basic principles of the Vicsek model[12]and the leader-follower model, we establish an extended evacuation model of self-propelled particle system with movable exits. The effective self-organizing evacuation strategy is proposed from the closed space.

    Let the size of the space beL×L, the particle moves in this space with a boundary of velocityv, and the position of exits can be moved randomly. The direction of particle movement is determined by the interaction between groups. The position and direction of particle movement are randomly distributed. The details can be expressed as[12]

    θ=cosθi+sinθj,

    (1)

    whereθis the direction of movement;iandjare the unit vectors. In this limited range [-π,π), the update of particle position at the next moment is also random, namely[12]

    xi(t+1)=xi(t)+xi(t)Δt,

    (2)

    wherexi(t+1) is the location att+1 andviis the speed ofi. The direction of motion of particles can be modified as[13]

    (3)

    wheregiis the preferred direction and the weighting factor isω; |〈θi(t)〉r| represents the average direction vector of all particlesjin the interaction radiusrof particlei, which is further revised as[14-15]

    〈θi(t+1)〉=∑θj(t)|∑θj(t)|.

    (4)

    Considering the time everyone displays to the online application when “moving”, in this case, the weight and its preferred direction should be considered as[13]

    (5)

    wherexsign(t) is the location of the exit signs. Furthergi(t) explanation: whenωapproaches 1, the motion direction of the particle is close to its preferred direction. As it approaches 0, the particle has no preferred direction. That is, its direction of motion is random. When the self-propelled particle hits the wall, it will move under the reflection boundary condition.

    1.2 Effect of stair

    On the basis of the model, a simple staircase model[16-17]is added, which is the preliminary overall model of the emergency evacuation of the Louvre. There are no obstacles in the corridor and stairs. During evacuation, tourists on each floor shall take the shortest route to the temporary stairway, and speed up and form a queue in the shortest time. The reaction time of all tourists is the same, and the body thickness of the people in the queue is the same. In the process of evacuation, if there is detention at the door or the stairway because of bottleneck factors, it shall be processed as waiting in line. As is the case on all floors, the phenomenon of congestion, crossing or falling is ignored. The types of stairs in the Louvre are the same, and they are all core tube stairs.

    The speed of movement on a straight path is[16]

    3.617D1+0.95,

    (6)

    D1=NAp/wLs,

    (7)

    whereApis the horizontal projected area of an individual,ωis the traffic density, andLsis the length of stream of people. The rate of movement down the stairs is[16]

    vD=xdownvL,

    (8)

    xdown=0.775+0.44 e-0.39D1down·

    sin(5.16D1down-0.224).

    (9)

    Given that people in emergency situations usually have this great psychological pressure and cause the change of escape speed, so a revision is needed[16]

    v1=u1vL,

    (10)

    v2=u1v0,

    (11)

    u1=1.49-0.36D1,

    (12)

    wherev1,v2, andvLare the normal stair speed, the speed that people go down stairs in the emergency, and the speed when people move on a straight path. The slant length of each stair is known to beLstair. The effective width of floor platform and intermediate platform isB, and the width of ladder section isb. It is easy to get that the evacuation time of stairwell is[16]

    (13)

    whereLstair,B, andbare the dimensions of stairwell.

    When evacuees on top and bottom meet, two situations will occur. In order to ensure evacuation safety, latecomers need to wait for all the first comers to complete evacuation before starting evacuation. The waiting time corresponding to the two situations is[16]

    (14)

    wherev3is the speed that people are in terrain affected emergency,tw1is the waiting time of the personnel of theMfloor when the evacuees of the first floor arrive at the stairway, andtw2is the waiting time when the evacuees arrive at the stairway after thekfloor.

    Considering that the planar evacuationTtime has been calculated in model, the total evacuation time in this case is[16]

    T=T+Tstair, m-1+tw

    .

    (16)

    1.3 Place of the danger source

    The cellular automata model[18-19], namely the dynamic search model, is introduced into the static model of the model, but only the dynamic hazard source is simulated here. The simulation method for other potential factors, such as bottlenecks and contingency, is the same. At the initial moment, pedestrians are randomly distributed in the evacuation space. Judge the evacuation space of the pedestrian, calculate the mobile income matrix of the pedestrian in the row, and select the cell with the largest mobile income matrix. After the calculation of the mobile revenue matrix for all pedestrians is completed, the position of pedestrians will be updated uniformly. When the pedestrians move to the exit, they will move out of the evacuation space. Repeat the above steps until all pedestrians leave the evacuation space, and the simulation ends.

    Near the hazards consider separately the idealized space, namely (M+2)×(N+2), a two-dimensional(2D) discrete cellular network system, and set up evacuation space for walls on both sides, left and right sides for export. What’s more, pedestrians are separated in different directions by a virtual line. Pedestrians cross this line, which centers on dangerous source, and their radius of influence isR, as shown in Fig. 2[18].

    Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of evacuation space

    Here, hazard area is defined as 2D normal distribution[17]

    (17)

    whereRis the radius of influence of hazard source andσ2is the variance of normal distribution.

    Moore type field is shown in Fig. 3(a). Mobile income matrix of mobile income combination in each field, as shown in Fig. 3(b), is defined as[18]

    Aij=[Eij+(1-a)Dij+aFij](1-ηij),

    (18)

    whereAijis the yield parameter andDijis the default direction return. The export earnin with wall isEijandFijis the direction of derivative yield. The area control parameter isa.

    When the pedestrian is in the normal area,a=0; When pedestrians are in the hazard area,a=1.

    Fig. 3 Rule of cellular automata: (a) Moore type eld and (b) mobile income matrix of mobile income combination in each eld

    When the exit is located in the pedestrian field, the attraction of the meta-cell is infinite, and the pedestrian leaves the evacuation space through the exit as far as possible. The exit benefit is defined as[18]

    (19)

    When pedestrians are located in the hazard area, they will move away from the hazard area as fast as possible. To describe the direction of pedestrians’ escape from the hazard area, the following is[18]

    Fij=-gradf(xij,yij),

    (20)

    whereFijis the directional derivative yield.

    When pedestrians are in the normal area, please move in the default direction. At this point, pedestrians are divided into normal pedestrians and pedestrians flee from the source of danger, and move towards the nearest exit. There is[18]

    1.4 Situation of the intersection

    Then, we consider the corridor connecting the intersection, and give the evacuation method when queuing. In the actual evacuation process, due to panic, conformity and other reasons, the evacuees cannot fully follow the guidance and cooperate with the diversion. According to the population distribution rules withdrawn from the organization, the crowd evacuation process is carried out for each source point: the crowd enter the evacuation road from the source node and proceed along the direction of movement of the convergence point to reach the intersection. And they pass the road in sequence, enter through continuous stretching motion and cross nodes, and finally reach the final node.

    The evacuation speed of people is affected by the degree of traffic congestion. When the degree of congestion is small, the evacuation speed of people basically does not interfere with each other and evacuates at the maximum speed. On the contrary, the evacuation speed will decrease with the increase of the degree of traffic congestion[20], which can be described by exponential function. Therefore, at timet, the evacuation speed of people on section (i,j) can be expressed as

    (22)

    Set the decision variablexijto represent the relationship between the road section and evacuation path is[20]

    (23)

    Then the evacuation time of people flow at nodeois[20]

    (24)

    whereUis the number of nodes, and theowithdare the nodes.

    Therefore, the evacuation timeTffor the stream of people is expressed as the maximum value ofTod, and obviously, it is also the final evacuation completion timetfinalof the entire network of the stream of people, that is[20]

    (25)

    whereTfis the crowed evacuation time.

    2 Results and Discussion

    2.1 Exit and visual field radius

    We change the number of groupN, system sizeL, the positiond, width of the exitsand the weighing factor of preferred directionωto investigate the collective evacuation. Our results of MATLAB simulation are shown in Fig. 4.

    Fig. 4 Rules of the system with no preferred direction(no exit sign ω=0)

    Figures 4 (a), (a1), (a2) are the number of individuals left in the spaceNleftas time stepTfor the different distances between the corner and the exit d; The evacuation proportion of the grouppas a function ofdatT=500 was shown in Figs. 4 (b), (b1), (b2) was shown in Figs. 4 (b), (b1), (b2). In Figs. 4 (c), (c1), (c2),pis a function of different width of the exitswhen the exit is located in the corner and middle of the boundary.

    MATLAB is used to simulate the relationship between visual field radius[21-22]and evacuation time. The results are shown in Table 1.

    Table 1 Relationship between visual field radius and evacuation time

    When the exit is located at the edge of the corner and the middle. In Figs. 4(a), (b), and (c),N=400,L=1.0,s=2.0; in Figs. 4(a1), (b1), and (c1),N=800,L=10,s= 2.0; in Figs. 4(a2), (b2), and (c2),N=400,L=1.0,s=0.2. In Figs. 4 (a), (a1), and (a2), the smaller the distancedbetween the corner and the exit, the higher the degree of population evacuation, indicating that the closer the exit is to the corner, the higher the efficiency of crowd evacuation. Figures 4 (b), (b1), and (b2) also verify this conclusion. According to Figs. 4 (c), (c1), and (c2), no matter where the exit is, the evacuation proportion increases with the increase of exit width, so we can know that a larger exit width is conducive to crowd evacuation.

    It is further inferred from the simulation results that increasing the number of exits will reduce the evacuation efficiency of personnel to a certain extent. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that adding a certain mark at the exit can increase the efficiency of evacuation. While some conclusions have been reached, more consideration needs to be given. In the current simulation system, we only consider the two-dimensional rectangular space and ignore some factors, such as visual angle, noise, and oval stadium. More complex models lead to more complex results.

    Fig. 5 Evacuating time needed for all particles Te as a function of weighting factor with one comer exit (with exit sign)

    According to the above model, MATLAB software is used to compile the program. Taking the actual situation of the Louvre as an example, the parameters are set according to the specific situation, and the time for all evacuees to escape from the building can be obtained.

    It can be seen from Fig. 6 that when the total number of evacuations gradually increases, the total time required for complete evacuation of all evacuations increases with a dotted line, which indicates that the total evacuation time and total evacuation are basically positively correlated if the waiting conditions are not considered. According to Figs. 6 (a) -(b) fold points on the polyline occur when the upper and lower evacuation teams meet and when the evacuation teams on the same floor meet. As the waiting time increases, the total evacuation time increases by a larger margin.When the total number of evacuees continues to increase, the detention waiting time will gradually become the most important factor affecting the total evacuation time.

    Fig. 6 Relation chart of the total evacuation time: (a) total evacuation time and distances and (b) total evacuation time and total number of evacuation

    As shown in Fig. 6, evacuation time decreases first and then increases with the increase of evacuation distance. When the evacuation distance is 0.35 m, the evacuation time reaches the minimum value.When the evacuation spacing is between 0.1 m and 0.6 m, the influence of evacuation spacing on evacuation time is small. Considering the best evacuation efficiency and the degree of recognition of the evacuation interval, and to prevent collisions between evacuees, the 0.5 m evacuation interval suggested above is reasonable[23]. Therefore, in the evacuation exercise or actual evacuation process, it is required that the evacuation distance should be controlled within 0. 3-0. 6 m as far as possible to ensure the high efficiency of evacuation.

    2.2 Place of the danger source

    In the simulation study, the density of pedestrian flowing in the evacuation line is defined as the number of pedestrians in the system and the number of cells in the pedestrian movement interval ratio ofMtoN, pedestrian evacuation timeTis defined as the number of time steps required by all pedestrians in the system to leave the room[24]. The evacuation timeTof the system is the average result of 20 samples. Unless otherwise specified, the parameter isM=20 andN=20. Three representative schemes of hazard location distribution are shown in Fig. 7.

    Fig.7 Three representative schemes of hazard location distribution: (a) the hazard at the wall; (b) the hazard at the upper half of evacuation space; (c) the hazard at the central axis of evacuation space

    Figure 8 shows the graph of the change of evacuation timeTwith hazard source radiusρin the case of pedestrian density andρ=0.9. As can be seen in Fig. 8(a), with the increase ofR, the required evacuation time of Case 1 and Case 3 is getting longer and longer, while the evacuation time of Case 2 decreases gradually afterR>6. As can be seen in Fig. 8 (ρ=0.5), when the density is high, with the increase ofR, the evacuation time of Case 3 becomes longer and longer. Case 2 presents a relatively stable state when 48, and the evacuation time decreases with the increase ofR.

    (a) ρ=0.5 (b) ρ=0.9

    Figure 9 shows the typical spatial and temporal evolution patterns of different hazard radiusRand location distribution schemes when pedestrian densityR=0.9. By observing Figs. 9(a), (b) and (c), whenRis small, Case 1 and Case 2 cause the upper pedestrian to cross the dividing line due to the hazard source blocking the upper pedestrian and form a hedge with the lower pedestrian, which affects the evacuation efficiency. In Case 3, there is a gap between the upper and lower sides of the hazard source, through which pedestrians pass, and the congestion is not obvious. However, with the increase ofR, as shown in Figs. 9(c), (d) and (e), the gap between the upper and lower sides becomes smaller and smaller, so that it is completely blocked. Pedestrians fleeing from the hazard source area are completely blocked together with those in the normal area, which greatly affects the evacuation efficiency. Therefore, the evacuation efficiency of Case 3 decreases with the increase of the radius of the hazard source.

    The influence of the hazard source at the edge of the passage is greater than that at the center of the passage. With the increase of the influence radius of the hazard source located in the center of the passage, the required evacuation time increases linearly.

    In most cases, the larger the scope of the danger source, the lower the evacuation efficiency, and the greater the possibility of congestion.

    (a)

    (b)

    (c)

    (d)

    (e)

    2.3 Situation of the intersection and other factors

    According to the actual road network of the Louvre, the source node, intersection node and sink node are numbered respectively to construct the crowd evacuation road network. The flow of people at each source node is evacuated according to the crowd diversion model constructed. The solving process is shown in Fig. 10.

    Fig. 10 Calculation flowchart

    Dijkstra algorithm is an effective algorithm for solving the classical shortest circuit problem[25]. In this paper, Dijkstra algorithm is used to search the shortest path at the intersection node containing each post-sequence section, and to find the length of the post-sequence shortest remaining path.

    According to the real-time congestion degree of evacuation roads and the order of longest remaining shortest roads, the probability of crowd distribution at a road intersection, the traffic input and output relationship of evacuation roads is analyzed. We have formulated rules for evacuation networks for crowds and traffic distribution at road intersections. In addition, a cross-node cross evacuation crowd flow model is set up after the evacuation, which provides reasonable guidance for emergency crowd evacuation. The allocation of the stream of people at each intersection can reduce the evacuation time consumption of the entire road network, guide the balanced distribution of people flow in space and time, effectively prevent congestion, and improve the evacuation efficiency.

    In the process of evacuation, the influence of evacuation speed, visual field radius and evacuation environment of the disabled should be considered[26]. Using the stairs of the barrier-free passage, the disabled staff members for the first time in the field escape from the barrier-free passage after the emergency. On the premise that the rights and needs of all people in the building are balanced, and the elevator is not occupied by ordinary people, the best choice for the disabled to escape is the elevator, which will play an important role in the shelter of the disabled.

    The average speed of visually impaired people is basically the same when there is a guide for each person and when there is no guide for evacuation. However, in the mode of centralized evacuation by a single guide, the average walking speed is much higher than that in the other two cases. Therefore, single guide is adopted for evacuation of visually impaired people.

    3 Conclusions

    In summary, we have proposed a social force model for the group escape considering movable exits and leader-follower effect on the basis of the Vicsek model. We investigate the evacuation behavior in our model with various system parameters via simulations. The optimal location of exit for collective evacuation is the corner of a limited square-shaped cell. Increasing the intensity of exit sign will speed up the evacuation quickly, and then it will take no further effect when the intensity of sign exceeds a certain value. And multi exits will hinder the evacuation.

    In addition, considering the factors, such as the spacing of the stairs and height under the evacuation, the evacuation spacing control within certain range can maximize the evacuation efficiency. Furthermore,the impact of the hazard source at the edge of the channel is greater than the impact of the hazard source at the center of the channel. Other factors such as tourists’ language and the disabled will also affect the flight time of passengers to a certain extent.

    Our study is rather significant to make more safe environment. Besides, our research is likely to be useful in designing a secure passage for a large enclosed place. Although we have drawn some conclusions, more considerations still need to be done. Our model does not take into account all the factors, such as the possible competition and stampede in the process of tourist evacuation. We will explore some complex models to present more realistic effect in future.

    国产成人精品无人区| 一本久久中文字幕| 亚洲无线在线观看| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 人人妻人人澡欧美一区二区 | 91av网站免费观看| 免费高清视频大片| 在线永久观看黄色视频| 啦啦啦免费观看视频1| 亚洲国产精品999在线| 日韩免费av在线播放| 久久婷婷成人综合色麻豆| 99久久久亚洲精品蜜臀av| 欧美成人午夜精品| 少妇熟女aⅴ在线视频| 亚洲专区字幕在线| 9191精品国产免费久久| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 伦理电影免费视频| 国产精品永久免费网站| 女人被狂操c到高潮| aaaaa片日本免费| 久久久精品国产亚洲av高清涩受| 后天国语完整版免费观看| a在线观看视频网站| av视频免费观看在线观看| 村上凉子中文字幕在线| 国产av在哪里看| 精品久久久久久,| 一级a爱片免费观看的视频| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 国产成人系列免费观看| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| av在线播放免费不卡| 国产又爽黄色视频| 国产在线观看jvid| 日本欧美视频一区| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| 国产高清激情床上av| 国产精品一区二区三区四区久久 | netflix在线观看网站| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 男男h啪啪无遮挡| 精品久久久精品久久久| 岛国在线观看网站| 亚洲最大成人中文| 熟妇人妻久久中文字幕3abv| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 热re99久久国产66热| 欧美日本视频| 啦啦啦观看免费观看视频高清 | 国产色视频综合| 757午夜福利合集在线观看| a在线观看视频网站| 国产又爽黄色视频| 9191精品国产免费久久| 亚洲在线自拍视频| 搞女人的毛片| 少妇熟女aⅴ在线视频| 成年版毛片免费区| 欧美成人午夜精品| 一进一出抽搐gif免费好疼| 久久人人97超碰香蕉20202| 国产男靠女视频免费网站| 日韩成人在线观看一区二区三区| 国产不卡一卡二| 一进一出好大好爽视频| 欧美激情 高清一区二区三区| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区| 国产一卡二卡三卡精品| 国产精品二区激情视频| 欧美日本视频| 咕卡用的链子| 曰老女人黄片| ponron亚洲| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区蜜桃| 色在线成人网| 亚洲激情在线av| 99国产精品免费福利视频| 19禁男女啪啪无遮挡网站| 国产av一区二区精品久久| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 十八禁网站免费在线| 亚洲中文av在线| 51午夜福利影视在线观看| 日韩有码中文字幕| 欧美乱妇无乱码| 99精品久久久久人妻精品| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 非洲黑人性xxxx精品又粗又长| 操美女的视频在线观看| 欧洲精品卡2卡3卡4卡5卡区| 亚洲天堂国产精品一区在线| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 亚洲专区字幕在线| 精品不卡国产一区二区三区| 女人被躁到高潮嗷嗷叫费观| 亚洲 国产 在线| 久久久国产欧美日韩av| 精品国产美女av久久久久小说| 国产私拍福利视频在线观看| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 免费人成视频x8x8入口观看| 女警被强在线播放| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9| 欧美一级a爱片免费观看看 | 亚洲成av片中文字幕在线观看| 亚洲,欧美精品.| 大陆偷拍与自拍| 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区| 免费在线观看亚洲国产| 自拍欧美九色日韩亚洲蝌蚪91| 黄色丝袜av网址大全| 精品久久久久久久久久免费视频| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 欧美日韩精品网址| 欧美亚洲日本最大视频资源| 久久人人精品亚洲av| 久久中文看片网| 亚洲九九香蕉| 夜夜爽天天搞| 久久久久九九精品影院| 非洲黑人性xxxx精品又粗又长| 精品日产1卡2卡| 中文字幕久久专区| 亚洲午夜理论影院| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 18禁观看日本| 欧美在线黄色| 十八禁网站免费在线| 日韩欧美免费精品| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 老司机午夜福利在线观看视频| 色av中文字幕| 精品国产乱子伦一区二区三区| 亚洲最大成人中文| 99久久久亚洲精品蜜臀av| 欧美黑人精品巨大| 十八禁网站免费在线| 久久中文字幕一级| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 人人妻人人澡人人看| 美女扒开内裤让男人捅视频| 人妻丰满熟妇av一区二区三区| 久久精品国产综合久久久| 少妇 在线观看| 人人妻,人人澡人人爽秒播| 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| 91成年电影在线观看| 日韩高清综合在线| 亚洲免费av在线视频| 人人澡人人妻人| 国产伦一二天堂av在线观看| 激情视频va一区二区三区| 此物有八面人人有两片| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 久久久久久大精品| 大香蕉久久成人网| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 制服人妻中文乱码| 国产亚洲精品一区二区www| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| www.999成人在线观看| 日本a在线网址| 热99re8久久精品国产| 国产高清videossex| 亚洲av成人一区二区三| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2 | 中文亚洲av片在线观看爽| 老熟妇乱子伦视频在线观看| 色哟哟哟哟哟哟| 国产不卡一卡二| 国产精品爽爽va在线观看网站 | www.www免费av| 亚洲成av人片免费观看| 女人被狂操c到高潮| 精品国内亚洲2022精品成人| 超碰成人久久| 日韩免费av在线播放| 久久天堂一区二区三区四区| 亚洲人成77777在线视频| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一小说| 亚洲成国产人片在线观看| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 一区二区三区激情视频| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 99riav亚洲国产免费| 久久久久国产一级毛片高清牌| 看片在线看免费视频| 日韩中文字幕欧美一区二区| 免费少妇av软件| 淫秽高清视频在线观看| 国产色视频综合| 大码成人一级视频| 国产精品野战在线观看| 精品少妇一区二区三区视频日本电影| 啦啦啦免费观看视频1| 精品久久久久久久毛片微露脸| 制服诱惑二区| 国产精品永久免费网站| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 国产亚洲精品第一综合不卡| 亚洲中文av在线| 高清毛片免费观看视频网站| 久久草成人影院| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频 | 亚洲国产精品成人综合色| 两人在一起打扑克的视频| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 激情在线观看视频在线高清| 天天躁狠狠躁夜夜躁狠狠躁| 啦啦啦 在线观看视频| 一级,二级,三级黄色视频| 精品久久久久久成人av| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 嫩草影院精品99| 热99re8久久精品国产| 亚洲 欧美一区二区三区| 在线观看66精品国产| 精品一品国产午夜福利视频| 极品教师在线免费播放| 一级作爱视频免费观看| 精品久久久久久久久久免费视频| 国产精品1区2区在线观看.| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| 黄频高清免费视频| 性少妇av在线| 一级毛片精品| 日本免费一区二区三区高清不卡 | 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 亚洲最大成人中文| 无遮挡黄片免费观看| 天天添夜夜摸| 欧美日韩福利视频一区二区| 一级毛片精品| 亚洲国产欧美日韩在线播放| 久久精品影院6| 午夜福利在线观看吧| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 国产成+人综合+亚洲专区| 国产男靠女视频免费网站| 国产精品一区二区三区四区久久 | 国产精品日韩av在线免费观看 | 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 久热爱精品视频在线9| 国产精品,欧美在线| 日本a在线网址| 桃色一区二区三区在线观看| 一级毛片高清免费大全| 午夜福利高清视频| 欧美激情极品国产一区二区三区| 91国产中文字幕| 我的亚洲天堂| 亚洲 欧美 日韩 在线 免费| 搡老岳熟女国产| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 日韩有码中文字幕| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 嫩草影视91久久| 天天添夜夜摸| 桃色一区二区三区在线观看| av电影中文网址| 久久国产乱子伦精品免费另类| 91av网站免费观看| 久久草成人影院| 97人妻天天添夜夜摸| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 日韩大码丰满熟妇| 欧美久久黑人一区二区| 大码成人一级视频| 老司机福利观看| 成人永久免费在线观看视频| 午夜福利18| а√天堂www在线а√下载| 中文字幕色久视频| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆 | 国产又爽黄色视频| 夜夜爽天天搞| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 精品少妇一区二区三区视频日本电影| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影 | 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 女人被躁到高潮嗷嗷叫费观| 91成年电影在线观看| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9| 99久久久亚洲精品蜜臀av| 亚洲无线在线观看| 很黄的视频免费| 欧美 亚洲 国产 日韩一| 午夜a级毛片| 十八禁人妻一区二区| 50天的宝宝边吃奶边哭怎么回事| 大型黄色视频在线免费观看| 久久精品人人爽人人爽视色| 美女 人体艺术 gogo| 欧美日本视频| 亚洲国产精品999在线| 国产成人精品久久二区二区91| 午夜福利成人在线免费观看| 国产精品乱码一区二三区的特点 | 成人国语在线视频| 757午夜福利合集在线观看| av欧美777| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 色哟哟哟哟哟哟| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 热99re8久久精品国产| 91九色精品人成在线观看| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 精品第一国产精品| 亚洲 国产 在线| 亚洲九九香蕉| 色av中文字幕| 亚洲三区欧美一区| 国产精品日韩av在线免费观看 | 午夜福利18| 亚洲国产欧美一区二区综合| 国产在线精品亚洲第一网站| 此物有八面人人有两片| 日本免费a在线| svipshipincom国产片| 色哟哟哟哟哟哟| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区| 午夜老司机福利片| 又黄又爽又免费观看的视频| 国产蜜桃级精品一区二区三区| 香蕉国产在线看| 国产成人精品久久二区二区免费| av中文乱码字幕在线| av超薄肉色丝袜交足视频| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 成人国产一区最新在线观看| 大陆偷拍与自拍| 亚洲国产精品久久男人天堂| 精品一区二区三区视频在线观看免费| 99在线人妻在线中文字幕| 两人在一起打扑克的视频| 国产乱人伦免费视频| 99热只有精品国产| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| 亚洲专区字幕在线| 他把我摸到了高潮在线观看| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 一本综合久久免费| 少妇被粗大的猛进出69影院| 很黄的视频免费| 757午夜福利合集在线观看| 长腿黑丝高跟| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 国产精品98久久久久久宅男小说| 日韩三级视频一区二区三区| 亚洲第一欧美日韩一区二区三区| 欧美亚洲日本最大视频资源| 国产亚洲精品久久久久5区| 啦啦啦韩国在线观看视频| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| 18禁裸乳无遮挡免费网站照片 | 女警被强在线播放| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 中文字幕人成人乱码亚洲影| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一小说| 日日爽夜夜爽网站| 午夜福利欧美成人| 真人一进一出gif抽搐免费| 香蕉久久夜色| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 国产精华一区二区三区| 亚洲av成人一区二区三| 中文字幕人成人乱码亚洲影| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 亚洲自偷自拍图片 自拍| 亚洲av美国av| 亚洲成国产人片在线观看| 黄色成人免费大全| 亚洲无线在线观看| 少妇的丰满在线观看| 免费无遮挡裸体视频| 19禁男女啪啪无遮挡网站| 久久久久国产一级毛片高清牌| 国产亚洲精品久久久久久毛片| or卡值多少钱| www.精华液| 91字幕亚洲| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆 | 日韩成人在线观看一区二区三区| 18禁裸乳无遮挡免费网站照片 | 亚洲人成伊人成综合网2020| 国产乱人伦免费视频| 亚洲精品粉嫩美女一区| 午夜福利成人在线免费观看| 一进一出抽搐gif免费好疼| 制服丝袜大香蕉在线| 制服人妻中文乱码| 乱人伦中国视频| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 在线国产一区二区在线| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 精品一区二区三区四区五区乱码| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 国产成人精品在线电影| 级片在线观看| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区蜜桃| av视频在线观看入口| 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 午夜影院日韩av| 禁无遮挡网站| 日韩国内少妇激情av| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 欧美中文综合在线视频| 久久久久久人人人人人| 久久亚洲真实| 午夜日韩欧美国产| 婷婷六月久久综合丁香| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| 日韩视频一区二区在线观看| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 亚洲精品一区av在线观看| 一本久久中文字幕| 99国产精品一区二区三区| 变态另类丝袜制服| 亚洲成国产人片在线观看| 亚洲午夜精品一区,二区,三区| 露出奶头的视频| 制服人妻中文乱码| 国产成人影院久久av| 日日夜夜操网爽| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 无人区码免费观看不卡| 一区二区三区激情视频| 久久精品国产亚洲av高清一级| 国产激情欧美一区二区| 丰满的人妻完整版| 中文字幕色久视频| 久久人人97超碰香蕉20202| 禁无遮挡网站| 9热在线视频观看99| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 日韩大尺度精品在线看网址 | 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 波多野结衣高清无吗| 给我免费播放毛片高清在线观看| 亚洲自偷自拍图片 自拍| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 国内毛片毛片毛片毛片毛片| 久久久国产成人免费| 又黄又爽又免费观看的视频| 久久久国产精品麻豆| 国产av一区在线观看免费| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆 | 国内毛片毛片毛片毛片毛片| 国内精品久久久久精免费| avwww免费| bbb黄色大片| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2 | 一本久久中文字幕| 美女国产高潮福利片在线看| 99国产综合亚洲精品| 日日爽夜夜爽网站| 人人妻人人爽人人添夜夜欢视频| 久久伊人香网站| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 久久这里只有精品19| 免费观看人在逋| 中文字幕久久专区| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三| 大码成人一级视频| 精品人妻1区二区| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频| 久热爱精品视频在线9| 国产高清有码在线观看视频 | 午夜福利一区二区在线看| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区蜜桃| 亚洲五月婷婷丁香| 久热爱精品视频在线9| 夜夜爽天天搞| 欧美 亚洲 国产 日韩一| 久久久精品欧美日韩精品| 日日夜夜操网爽| 99国产精品免费福利视频| 国产av一区在线观看免费| 亚洲国产看品久久| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 欧美一区二区精品小视频在线| 桃红色精品国产亚洲av| 变态另类成人亚洲欧美熟女 | 免费在线观看视频国产中文字幕亚洲| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 日韩大尺度精品在线看网址 | 久久午夜综合久久蜜桃| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 91麻豆av在线| 在线视频色国产色| 夜夜夜夜夜久久久久| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 国产亚洲av嫩草精品影院| 国产精品1区2区在线观看.| 国产成人精品无人区| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看 | 亚洲欧美一区二区三区黑人| 91精品国产国语对白视频| 久久天堂一区二区三区四区| 法律面前人人平等表现在哪些方面| 美女午夜性视频免费| 久久久国产成人精品二区| 自线自在国产av| 国产麻豆成人av免费视频| 日韩欧美国产一区二区入口| 国产av又大| 精品一区二区三区视频在线观看免费| 老鸭窝网址在线观看| 少妇 在线观看| a级毛片在线看网站| 精品福利观看| 免费人成视频x8x8入口观看| 亚洲va日本ⅴa欧美va伊人久久| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 亚洲午夜理论影院| 国产黄a三级三级三级人| 免费观看精品视频网站| 一二三四社区在线视频社区8| 精品久久久久久久久久免费视频| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 在线播放国产精品三级| 国产高清激情床上av| 亚洲欧洲精品一区二区精品久久久| av在线播放免费不卡| 精品午夜福利视频在线观看一区| 国产av在哪里看| 亚洲人成伊人成综合网2020| 99国产极品粉嫩在线观看| 国产精品美女特级片免费视频播放器 | 欧美日本视频| 极品教师在线免费播放| 午夜日韩欧美国产| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 美国免费a级毛片| 香蕉丝袜av| 亚洲最大成人中文| 久久精品国产亚洲av高清一级| 曰老女人黄片| 18美女黄网站色大片免费观看| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| 麻豆av在线久日| 国产乱人伦免费视频| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一小说| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 桃红色精品国产亚洲av| 国产一区二区三区视频了| 午夜精品久久久久久毛片777| 麻豆久久精品国产亚洲av| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 悠悠久久av| 女警被强在线播放| 久久人人97超碰香蕉20202| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| 婷婷精品国产亚洲av在线| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 91成人精品电影| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 国产成人系列免费观看| 欧美丝袜亚洲另类 | 精品人妻在线不人妻| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 纯流量卡能插随身wifi吗| av超薄肉色丝袜交足视频| 一级黄色大片毛片| 青草久久国产| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 美女免费视频网站| 午夜成年电影在线免费观看| 在线免费观看的www视频| 免费在线观看日本一区| 成在线人永久免费视频| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 免费搜索国产男女视频| 亚洲三区欧美一区| 免费搜索国产男女视频| 韩国av一区二区三区四区| 久久精品国产亚洲av高清一级| 97人妻天天添夜夜摸| 禁无遮挡网站| 欧美一区二区精品小视频在线| 国产麻豆69| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 熟女少妇亚洲综合色aaa.| 在线免费观看的www视频| 国产精品野战在线观看| 免费看美女性在线毛片视频| 手机成人av网站| 麻豆av在线久日| 欧美亚洲日本最大视频资源| 久久这里只有精品19| 午夜福利欧美成人| 日本在线视频免费播放| 亚洲熟妇中文字幕五十中出| 色综合婷婷激情| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 国产亚洲精品久久久久久毛片|