Unit 1詞匯要點講解

李紫薇

1. matter n. 問題;事情 vi. 要緊;有關(guān)系

matter為可數(shù)名詞，意為“問題， 事情”，通常用于句型“Whats the matter （with sb.）？”

同義句有“Whats wrong （with sb.）？”和“Whats the trouble （with sb.）？”

—Whats the matter with him？ 他怎么了？

—He has a headache. 他頭痛。

【拓展】 matter還可作不及物動詞，意為“要緊，有關(guān)系”，主要用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。

It doesnt matter. 沒有關(guān)系。

【溫馨提示】 wrong為形容詞，其前不能加the。

2. trouble n. 麻煩;煩惱 vt. 麻煩 vi. 煩惱

have trouble with sth. 表示“有病痛，因……苦惱;在某方面有麻煩”，后面習(xí)慣接名詞、代詞或名詞性短語。

She is having trouble with her teeth. 她牙齒痛。

He has some trouble with his English pronunciation. 他的英語發(fā)音有問題。

【拓展】 have trouble （in） doing sth. 表示“在做某事方面有困難、費事”，后面習(xí)慣接動名詞作賓語。

I have some trouble （in） reading the letter， for his handwriting is very bad. 我讀這封信很困難， 因為他的書寫很差。

3. stomach n. 胃

He woke up with a pain in his stomach. 他醒來時感覺肚子疼。

stomachache也是名詞，意為“腹痛，肚子痛;胃痛”。

She had a stomachache and asked to be excused. 她肚子疼，請求離開一下。

【拓展】表示身體部位的名詞加上名詞ache （疼痛），可以構(gòu)成合成名詞。如：headache頭痛;toothache 牙痛;earache 耳朵痛。另外，sore throat 喉嚨痛;neck pain 脖子痛。

4. lie v. 躺;坐落在;處于……狀態(tài);說謊 n. 謊言;謊話;狀態(tài);位置

The driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 司機看到一位老人躺在路邊。

Thats a lie！ 你說謊！

They thought the boys told lies about that thing. 他們認(rèn)為男孩們在那件事上撒了謊。

【拓展】 第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時：lies;現(xiàn)在分詞：lying;過去分詞：lay;過去時：lain

5. sick adj. （身體或精神）生病的;有病的;不適的

Look at that sick boy. He is very sick. 看看那個生病的男孩，他病得很重。

【拓展】 ill 表示“生病的;有病的”，一般作表語，不作定語;而sick 既可以作表語又可以作定語，如“病人”可以說a sick man或the sick，而ill不可。

She is ill / sick in bed. 她臥病在床。

She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顧她生病的父親。

6. death n. 死;死亡

His father is drinking himself to death. 他的爸爸這樣喝酒非醉死不可。

【拓展】 death， die， dead， dying

（1） death n. 是抽象名詞，可作主語或賓語。

His death is weightier than Mount Tai. 他的死比泰山還要重。

I heard of his death when I got to his house. 我到他家時得知他已經(jīng)去世了。

（2） die v. 死亡，死去

He was born in 1947 and died two years ago. 他生于1947年，死于兩年前。

【溫馨提示】 die表示瞬間動作，不與表示一段時間的狀語連用。

那位偉大的人物去世十年了。

誤：That great man has died for ten years.

正：That great man has been dead for ten years.

正：That great man died ten years ago.

（3） dead adj. 表示狀態(tài)，可以在句中作表語和定語。

He is dead， but his name will live for ever in our hearts. 他雖然死了，但他的名字將永遠(yuǎn)留在我們心中。

It doesnt look like a dead fox. 看來它不像一只死狐貍。

（4） dying adj. 表示“生命垂危的”。

His good friend called that his grandma was dying. 他的朋友打電話來，說他的奶奶奄奄一息了。

7. to ones surprise 使某人驚訝的是;出乎某人的意料

But to his surprise， they all agreed to go with him. 但出乎他的意料，他們都同意和他一起去。

【拓展】類似的固定結(jié)構(gòu)：to ones joy 使某人高興的是;to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是;to ones satisfaction 令某人滿意的是

8. thanks to 多虧;由于;因為

Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers， the man was saved by the doctors in time. 多虧了王先生和乘客們，醫(yī)生及時挽救了老人的生命。

【拓展】 thanks for表示“因……而感謝”，其中的thanks為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，介詞for指原因，后接名詞、代詞或V-ing形式。

Thanks for your help. 謝謝你的幫助。

Thanks for inviting me. 謝謝你對我的邀請。

9. be used to 習(xí)慣于……;適應(yīng)于……

be used to后接名詞、代詞或V-ing形式。

As a mountain climber， Aron is used to taking risks. 作為一名登山者，阿倫習(xí)慣于冒險。

【辨析】 used to do表示“過去常常做某事”，其一般疑問句和否定句的構(gòu)成方法要注意。

Used he to get up early？

= Did he use to get up early？ 他過去常常早起嗎？

He used to smoke， didnt he？ 他以前抽煙，是嗎？

He used not to get up early.

= He usednt to get up early.

= He didnt use to get up early. 他過去不早起。

10. so that以便，為了

so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞通常和may / might， can / could等情態(tài)動詞連用。

We got up early so that we could catch the early bus. 為了能趕上早班車，我們早就起床了。

【拓展】 （1） so... that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”，常用句型為：主語+謂語+so+adj. / adv.+that從句。

His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 他對登山如此酷愛，以至于即使這次經(jīng)歷之后，他還是繼續(xù)登山。

（2） so... that...從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為... adj. / adv.+enough+to do...“足夠……以至于……”或...too+adj. / adv.+to do...“太……以至于不能……”句型。

The girl is so young that she cant dress herself.

=The girl is not old enough to dress herself.

=The girl is too young to dress herself. 這個女孩太小以至于不能自己穿衣服。

【牛刀小試】

一、根據(jù)句意、首字母及漢語提示填寫單詞。

1. There are some important m______ （問題） we need to discuss.

2. Fred is careless， so he often h______（弄傷） himself.

3. As usual， Mike went to school on f______（腳）.

4. I didnt take an umbrella that rainy day， so now I have a bad h______ （頭痛）.

5. You look very tired. Why not take a r______（休息）？

二、用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1. Mr. Li stopped the bus because he saw an old man ______ （lie） on the road.

2. ______ （thank） to that job I became a reporter.

3. To ______ （he） surprise， all the passengers agreed to go to the hospital with him.

4. Anns mother cant attend the parents meeting because shes ______ （ill）.

5. Many people ______ （die） from famine （饑荒） in Africa.

三、從方框中選擇合適的單詞并用其適當(dāng)形式完成句子。

rest， control， cough， die， themselves

1. His grandmothers ______ made the family feel sad.

2. Jim knows the importance of being in ______ of his life.

3. Tom and Jenny enjoyed ______ playing com- puter games.

4. I didnt feel very well. I ______ and had a fever.

5. He told me to drink more water and ______ for two days.