屈健 鄭穎懷 楊煉 羅雪娥 唐宏英
〔摘要〕 目的 分析長鏈非編碼RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)小核仁RNA宿主基因10(small nucleolar RNA host gene 10, SNHG10)在胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer, PC)細胞中的表達水平,并觀察其對細胞遷移及侵襲能力的影響。方法 采用熒光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)檢測5株PC細胞(AsPC-1、Capan-1、CFPAC-1、PANC-1和PaCa-2)和正常胰腺導管上皮細胞(HPDE)中SNHG10的表達特征。采用pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體過表達SNHG10,以pcDNA3.1(+)載體為對照;采用shRNA-SNHG10載體干擾SNHG10表達,以shRNA-control載體為對照。采用細胞劃痕和Transwell侵襲試驗觀察過表達和干擾SNHG10后AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞遷移及侵襲能力的變化。結果 SNHG10在AsPC-1、Capan-1、CFPAC-1、PANC-1和PaCa-2細胞中的表達水平均顯著高于HPDE細胞(P<0.05),并以AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞的表達水平為最高(P<0.05)。轉染pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體可顯著提高AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞中SNHG10的表達水平(P<0.05),而轉染shRNA-SNHG10載體顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞中SNHG10的表達水平(P<0.05)。轉染shRNA-SNHG10載體可顯著促進AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞的遷移及侵襲能力(P<0.05),而轉染shRNA-NHG10載體顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞的遷移及侵襲能力(P<0.05)。結論 SNHG10在PC細胞中表達上調。過表達SNHG10可促進PC細胞的遷移及侵襲能力,而干擾SNHG10可抑制PC細胞的遷移及侵襲能力。
〔關鍵詞〕 SNHG10;胰腺癌;長鏈非編碼RNA;遷移;侵襲
〔中圖分類號〕R735.9;R285.5? ? ? ?〔文獻標志碼〕A? ? ? ?〔文章編號〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2020.08.008
〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze the expression levels of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 10 (SNHG10) in pancreatic cancer (PC) cells, and to investigate its effects on the migratory and invasive abilities of PC cells. Methods The expression patterns of SNHG10 in 5 types of PC cells (AsPC-1, Capan-1, CFPAC-1, PANC-1 and PaCa-2) and a normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell (HPDE) was observed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The shRNA3.1 (+)-SNHG10 vector was used to enforce SNHG10 expression, and the pcDNA3.1 (+) vector was served as a negative control. The shRNA-SNHG10 vector was used to silence SNHG10 expression, and the shRNA-control vector was served as a negative control. The migratory and invasive abilities of AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells after knockdown and overexpression of SNHG10 were evaluated by cell scratch and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. Results The expression levels of SNHG10 in the AsPC-1, Capan-1, CFPAC-1, PANC-1 and PaCa-2 cells were significantly higher than that in the HPDE cells (P<0.05), and the SNHG10 expression of the AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells was the highest (P<0.05). Transfection of pcDNA3.1 (+)-SNHG10 vector significantly increased the expression levels of SNHG10 in the AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells (P<0.05), whereas transfection of shRNA-SNHG10 vector markedly inhibited the expression levels of SNHG10 in theAsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells (P<0.05). Transfection of shRNA-SNHG10 vector significantly promoted the migratory and invasive abilities of theAsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells (P<0.05), while transfection of shRNA-SNHG10 vector markedly inhibited the migratory and invasive abilities of theAsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion SNHG10 expression is upregulated in PC cells. Overexpression of SNHG10 promotes the migratory and invasive abilities of PC cells, while knockdown of SNHG10 inhibits the migratory and invasive abilities of PC cells.
〔Keywords〕 SNHG10; pancreatic carcinoma; long non-coding RNA; migration; invasion
胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer, PC)是最具侵襲性的惡性腫瘤之一,預后極差,5年生存率低于5%,中位生存期僅約為6個月[1]。PC以惡性程度高、易早期轉移及對化療的高度耐藥性為主要臨床特征[2-3]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)許多癌基因的異常表達或激活參與了PC的發(fā)生及發(fā)展過程[4]。然而,到目前為止,關于PC轉移的詳細分子機制仍不明確。因此,當前研究迫切需要闡明PC侵襲和轉移的潛在分子機制。近年來,非編碼RNA在人類疾病模型中越來越受到研究者們的重視。長鏈非編碼RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一類長度大于200個核苷酸但缺乏蛋白質編碼能力的非編碼RNA,并已被證明在調節(jié)腫瘤細胞生物學行為中發(fā)揮關鍵作用[5-6]。迄今為止,通過染色質特征分析和大規(guī)模測序發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)千種lncRNAs,功能研究表明這些lncRNAs具有特殊的臨床意義,并呈現(xiàn)出不同的生物學效應[7-8]。小核仁RNA宿主基因10(small nucleolar RNA host gene 10, SNHG10)屬于SNHG家族成員之一,是最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種新的lncRNA[9]。LAN等[10]報道SNHG10在肝癌中的表達水平顯著高于癌旁組織,并具有促進肝癌發(fā)生及轉移的功能。迄今為止,關于SNHG10在PC中的生物學作用尚不清楚。本研究擬通過qRT-PCR檢測SNHG10在PC細胞中的表達水平,并采用基因干擾與過表達技術觀察SNHG10對PC細胞侵襲及遷移能力的影響。
1 材料與方法
1.1? 主要試劑及儀器
RNAiso Plus與PrimeScriptTM RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser(TaKaRa公司);Terra qPCR Direct TB Green Premix(Clontech公司);DMEM培養(yǎng)基(Gibco公司);青霉素和鏈霉素(Sigma公司);Transwell小室(Corning公司);基質膠(BD Biosciences公司);引物與Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen公司);pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體、pcDNA3.1(+)載體、shRNA-SNHG10載體及shRNA-control載體(廣州市銳博生物科技有限公司)。5810/5810R高速冷凍離心機(Eppendorf公司);MDF-U538-C超低溫冰箱(SANYO公司);Prism 7900HT/FAST熒光定量PCR儀(Applied Biosystems公司);37XC倒置生物顯微鏡(上海光學儀器廠);Herocell 240 CO2培養(yǎng)箱(上海潤度生物科技有限公司)。
1.2? 細胞培養(yǎng)及轉染
5株PC細胞(AsPC-1、Capan-1、CFPAC-1、
PANC-1和PaCa-2)和正常胰腺導管上皮細胞(HPDE)購于中國科學院典型培養(yǎng)物保藏委員會細胞庫。采用DMEM培養(yǎng)基、10% FBS、100 U/mL青霉素和100 U/mL鏈霉素培養(yǎng)細胞,并置于37 ℃、5% CO2細胞箱中培養(yǎng)。常規(guī)傳代,接種,并取對數(shù)期生長的細胞進行轉染。細胞轉染分成4組:pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體組、pcDNA3.1(+)載體組、shRNA-SNHG10載體組及shRNA-control載體組。轉染步驟如下:取AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞接種到6孔板中,每組設計3個復孔,培養(yǎng)過夜。待各孔細胞匯合度達80%時,依次轉染pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體、pcDNA3.1(+)載體、shRNA-SNHG10載體及shRNA-control載體各2 μg,Lipofectamine 2000各5 μL,每孔添加2 mL DMEM培養(yǎng)基,培養(yǎng)6 h。隨后每孔更換2 mL DMEM+10% FBS培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h。收集各孔細胞,并采用qRT-PCR檢測SNHG10表達情況。
1.3? RNA抽提
收集約1×106個PC細胞,參照RNAiso Plus操作說明書,提取細胞中的RNA。利用紫外分光光度計測定RNA濃度,將OD260/280值在1.8~2.1范圍內的RNA樣本視為合格,并放置于-80 ℃冰箱保存。
1.4? qRT-PCR試驗
參照PrimeScriptTM RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser操作說明書逆轉錄合成cDNA。參照Terra qPCR Direct TB Green Premix操作說明書進行PCR試驗。反應體系及用量如下:2×TB Green Premix 10 μL,正反向引物各0.5 μL,cDNA 1 μL,PCR-Grade Water 8 μL。反應條件為:98 ℃ 2 min,隨后98 ℃ 10 s,60 ℃ 15 s,68 ℃ 30 s,總共40個循環(huán)。以甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶GAPDH為內參基因,引物序列如下:SNHG10正向引物5'-CCTCATCCTACTGCCTTACTATTGG-3',反向引物5'-GAAAGTCGTCTTCCCTCTTGTT-3';GAPDH正向引物5'-GATTCCACCCATGHCCAAATTC-3',反向引物5'-CTGGAAGATGGTGATGGGATT-3'。通過2-ΔΔCt法[11]分析SNHG10的表達水平。
1.5? 細胞劃痕試驗
將轉染后的AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞接種到6孔板中,以DMEM+10% FBS培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)過夜,待各孔細胞匯合度達100%時,用無菌的100 μL槍頭經過各孔中心劃出相互垂直的2條劃痕,用PBS緩慢沖洗細胞3次,去除雜質及被劃掉的細胞。隨后每孔更換DMEM培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h。根據細胞遷移情況在不同時間點進行拍照,觀察和測定遷移距離,并計算劃痕愈合率。
1.6? Transwell侵襲試驗
將轉染后的AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞接種到基質膠包被的Transwell小室的上室中,并在上室中加入200 μL DMEM培養(yǎng)基,下室加入500 μL DMEM+10% FBS培養(yǎng)基培。細胞培養(yǎng)48 h后用無菌的棉簽擦掉上室中的細胞,采用4%多聚甲醛固定侵入下室的細胞,并采用吉姆薩染色,通過顯微鏡下觀察并計算各組單個視野中被染色的細胞個數(shù)。
1.7? 統(tǒng)計學分析
采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析。所有試驗至少獨立重復3次,計量資料采用“x±s”表示,并進行正態(tài)性與方差齊性檢驗,符合正態(tài)性及方差齊性時則采用t檢驗或者單因素方差分析。如不滿足正態(tài)性及方差齊性時,則采用秩和檢驗。P<0.05時判定差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1? SNHG10在PC細胞中的表達水平
SNHG10在AsPC-1、Capan-1、CFPAC-1、PANC-1和PaCa-2細胞中的表達水平均顯著高于HPDE細胞(P<0.05),且SNHG10在AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞的表達水平顯著高于Capan-1、CFPAC-1和PaCa-2細胞(P<0.05)。見圖1。
2.2? pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10和shRNA-SNHG10載體對SNHG10表達的影響
pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體、pcDNA3.1(+)載體、shRNA-SNHG10載體及shRNA-control載體在PC細胞中轉染情況良好,效率均在70%以上。轉染pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體能顯著提高AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞中SNHG10的表達水平(P<0.05),而轉染shRNA-SNHG10載體可顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞中SNHG10的表達水平(P<0.05)。見圖2。
2.3? 過表達和干擾SNHG10對AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞遷移能力的影響
與轉染pcDNA3.1(+)組相比,轉染pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體顯著促進AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞的遷移能力(P<0.05),見圖3。與轉染shRNA-control相比,轉染shRNA-SNHG10載體顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞的遷移能力(P<0.05)。見圖4。
2.4? 過表達和干擾SNHG10對AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞侵襲能力的影響
與轉染pcDNA3.1(+)相比,轉染pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體顯著促進AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞的侵襲能力(P<0.05),見圖5。與轉染shRNA-control相比,轉染shRNA-SNHG10載體顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞的侵襲能力(P<0.05)。見圖6。
3 討論
盡管目前研究者已經鑒定了數(shù)千種lncRNAs,但是絕大多數(shù)lncRNAs在疾病模型中的作用仍然未知[7-8]。研究表明,一些lncRNAs可充當致癌基因或抑癌基因而參與PC的發(fā)生與發(fā)展[12]。例如,YE等[13]報道lncRNA AFAP1-AS1在PC中表達上調,過表達AFAP1-AS1促進PC細胞增殖、遷移和侵襲行為。SHEN等[14]發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA XIST促進PC細胞遷移、侵襲和上皮間充質轉化能力。YANG等[15]發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA DLX6-AS1通過調節(jié)細胞增殖、周期與凋亡而促進PC腫瘤發(fā)生。此外,LIU等[16]證實lncRNALINC01207促進PC細胞的自噬和凋亡。SNHG10是一種新的lncRNA,屬于SNHG家族成員之一。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SNHG家族成員與PC轉移密切相關,LncRNA SNHG1在PC表達上調通過激活Notch-1信號通路促進細胞轉移和侵襲[17]。LncRNA SNHG7通過調控miR-342-3p/ID4信號促進PC細胞轉移[18]。LncRNASNHG14通過吸附微小RNA-101刺激PC細胞自噬來增強對吉西他濱的耐藥性[19]。盡管如此,關于SNHG10在PC中的潛在作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在明確SNHG10對體外培養(yǎng)的PC細胞遷移及侵襲能力的影響。
據文獻報道,SNHG10在多種腫瘤中表達上調,如肺腺癌[20]、膀胱癌[21]和肝細胞癌[10]。本研究表明,SNHG10在PC細胞中的表達水平均顯著高于HPDE細胞,并以AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞為最高。鑒于上述結果,故我們選擇AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞進行體外細胞功能試驗。隨后,我們使用pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體在AsPC-1和PANC-1中過表達SNHG10;同時采用特異性shRNA-SNHG10載體抑制SNHG10的表達。結果顯示,pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體可提高SNHG10表達水平50倍以上,而shRNA-SNHG10載體可降低SNHG10表達水平至0.25倍以下。細胞劃痕和Transwell侵襲試驗結果顯示,轉染shRNA-SNHG10載體顯著促進AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞的遷移及侵襲能力,而轉染shRNA-SNHG10載體顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細胞的遷移及侵襲能力。這些結果表明SNHG10促進PC細胞的轉移,這與先前肝癌中SNHG10的研究結果一致。SNHG10通過正反饋環(huán)調節(jié)其同源物SCARNA13(small Cajal body-specific RNA 13)促進肝癌轉移[10]。
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