名詞性從句探究

陳靜文

名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可用作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此，名詞性從句分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞有：從屬連詞 that， whether， if， as if;連接代詞 who， whoever， whose， whom， whomever， what， whatever， which， whichever;連詞副詞 when， where， why， how等。

一、主語(yǔ)從句

1. that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)候由于過(guò)長(zhǎng)，常常用形式主語(yǔ)It代替，常見(jiàn)于以下幾種句型。

[句??型 解???析 例???句 It +be + adj. + that 第一類形容詞：true， clear， obvious， evident， certain， likely， possible， probable， etc It is clear that cutting down a lot of trees will disturb the balance of nature. 第二類形容詞（從句需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）：amazing， surprising， strange， natural， unusual， necessary， important， vital， essential， advisable， etc It is strange that he should say so. It +be + n. + that 常見(jiàn)的名詞：a fact， a pity， a shame， a wonder， no wonder， common knowledge， etc It is a pity that we can?t attend the party.

It is no wonder that their products are popular with people， because they meet the demands of the market. It + vi. / link.v + that 常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞：seems， appears， happened， occurred to sb.， struck sb.， turns out， matters， etc It seems that something unexpected happened to their family.

It never occurred to him that his carelessness would cause him such a huge loss.

It so happened that the color of the coat I bought last week was the same as that of my colleague?s. It +be + done + that 第一類過(guò)去分詞：said， reported， believed， considered， claimed， declared， announced， hoped， known， estimated， etc It is known to all that pollution has become a serious problem in the world.

= As is known to all， pollution has become a serious problem in the world.

= What is known to all is that pollution has become a serious problem in the world. 第二類過(guò)去分詞（從句需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）：suggested， required， requested， etc It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week. ]

2. ?wh-和how引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句

Whether he?ll come is uncertain.

How it happened is still a mystery.

What you said just now has nothing to do with me.

【注意】 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題：

1. 一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

When and where we?ll hold the meeting hasn?t been decided yet.

2. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞為what，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)由表語(yǔ)決定。如：

What we need are two English teachers.

3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。試比較：

Where and when he was born has not been found.

Where he was born and when he was born have not been found.

二、賓語(yǔ)從句

1. 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句

（1） that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

[句??型 解??析 例???句 v. + （that）

若有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句則后一個(gè)that不可省略 第一類動(dòng)詞：believe， think， suppose， expect， imagine， etc

若從句中有否定則否定詞移到主句，反意疑問(wèn)句看從句 I don?t think he is handsome， isn?t he？ 第二類動(dòng)詞：suggest， insist， order， demand， request， require， ask， etc... （should） do I suggest we shorten the meeting into an hour. 第三類動(dòng)詞：wish... would do / did（were） / had done， hope... （不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣） I wish he were here.

I wish that you would come early tomorrow.

I wish I had never met him. 第四類動(dòng)詞：doubt （whether）， don?t doubt （that）， Do you doubt （that） I don?t doubt that he can finish the task on time. v. + it + that 第一類動(dòng)詞：see to， depend / rely on You can depend on it that we?ll be ready to help you whenever you?re in trouble. 第二類動(dòng)詞： appreciate， like， dislike， hate， love... if / when I?d appreciate it if you could teach me how to use the computer. v. + it + adj. / n.+ that 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞：think， consider， make， feel， find， etc I think it important that every one should have good manners. ]

（2） wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

Parents are taught to understand how important education is to their children.

The doctor asked whether the patient had had any heart disease before.

Point with your finger where it hurts the most.

Do you know when the meeting will begin？

2. 介詞賓語(yǔ)從句

[句?型 解??析 例???句 prep. + that 常見(jiàn)的介詞：in， except The two cities are similar in that it rains a lot in summer.

I know nothing about him except he is a graduate of Beijing University. prep. + wh- 視句意而定 She always thinks of how she can do more for the people.

As doctors， we must pay attention to what the patients complain of.

After what seemed to be a long time， the singer appeared on the stage. ]

3. 形容詞賓語(yǔ)從句

We?re sure that we?ll do well in English.

We?re not certain who?ll be in charge of the company.

三、表語(yǔ)從句

[句??型 解??析 例??句 n. + be + that 第一類名詞：fact， truth， idea， belief， wish， dream， reason， etc The fact is that China is the largest country in the world in terms of population. 第二類名詞（從句需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）：suggestion， proposal， require- ment， request， order， etc The suggestion is that they should start from the very beginning. wh-... + be + that What impresses me most is that he is hardworking.

What matters is that we should make full use of time.

What amazes us is that the restaurant is run by a teenager. as if / though 引導(dǎo) It looks as if it is going to rain. This / That + be + wh- This is why I feel grammar boring. n. + be + wh- 若名詞是suggestion， proposal， requirement， request， order， etc時(shí)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 The question is whether the film is worthy of being seen.

Perseverance is what it takes to do anything well. wh-+ be + wh- What I can?t understand is where they got the information. ]

四、同位語(yǔ)從句

第一類先行詞：belief， fact， idea， doubt， news， rumor， word（un.）， conclusion， evidence， possibility， truth， story， promise， problem， information等。如：

The news that we?re invited to the conference is very encouraging.

I have no idea where he has gone.

A story goes that the emperor was killed by his son.

第二類先行詞（從句中需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）：suggestion， proposal， requirement， request， order等。如：

They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.

They expressed the wish that she accept the award.

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.

The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.

The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.

I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.

【及時(shí)練習(xí)】 用合適的連接詞填空，完成句子。

1. I?m wondering_______ ?you are always late for class.

2. The trouble is_______ ?I am anxious to telephone Mr. Smith but I lost his number.

3. Can you tell me_______ ?he lives.

4. It sounds_______ ?someone is knocking at the door.

5. —Why am I so tired？

—I think it is_______ ?you are doing too much.

6. Could you tell me_______ ?he will come？

7. The Chinese people are proud of_______ ?they have achieved in the past ten years.

8._______ ?guesses it right will be awarded a prize for this competition.

9._______ ?the earth will perish one day is still a mystery.

10. This golden cup will be awarded to_______ ?team that wins the championship.