文超
摘要:英文寫(xiě)作一直是很多高中學(xué)生的軟肋,他們要么把寫(xiě)作當(dāng)初一種純粹的翻譯,出現(xiàn)很多漢式英語(yǔ);要么文不對(duì)題,語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤太多,導(dǎo)致寫(xiě)作分?jǐn)?shù)不高。因此要求老師的寫(xiě)作教學(xué)要有針對(duì)性,而且做到每一堂課都有其高效,讓學(xué)生能學(xué)有所獲。要想提高學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作能力,老師得付出很多的心血,課前、課中和課后,尤其是課后的批改非常重要,及時(shí)的批改能幫助我們充分了解學(xué)生的不足。
關(guān)鍵詞:寫(xiě)作能力;分析;巧用
以下的錯(cuò)句是我從學(xué)生的一篇習(xí)作中摘錄出來(lái)的。
一、學(xué)生常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤及分析:
1、主謂不能搭配,只顧中文意思
Many people think that working in the metropolis can get higher salary.
2、主謂不一致
Some thinks that working ……
3、時(shí)態(tài)不一致
Working in the hometown is the best choice when we graduated.
4、動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)
Work in the metropolis is better.
二、針對(duì)學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤,我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的教學(xué)中就要有的放矢,高效實(shí)用
1、狠抓五個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句型的訓(xùn)練,做到基本句式不出錯(cuò)。
要想寫(xiě)好作文,首先要熟悉五種基本句型,尤其是對(duì)于成績(jī)平平的學(xué)生,如果能把基本句型寫(xiě)對(duì),構(gòu)成基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作的5個(gè)基本句子就能信手寫(xiě)來(lái)。
句型一:主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)
很多學(xué)生以為系動(dòng)詞只有be,在寫(xiě)作時(shí)造成一些不必要的錯(cuò)誤。因此我在講到這類(lèi)句型時(shí),會(huì)把系動(dòng)詞歸類(lèi)
1)be
2)表感官的系動(dòng)詞:look, sound, feel, taste, smell, seem, appear
3)表持續(xù)的系動(dòng)詞:remain, keep, stay, stand, lie,
4)表變化的系動(dòng)詞:become, get, turn, grow, come, fall,
5)可帶名詞的系動(dòng)詞:be, remain, turn, become, sound, prove
基本句型二:主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞
1)、The rain stopped.
2)、 The old man waited.
基本句型的擴(kuò)展
1)、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞狀語(yǔ)
2)、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+不定式目的狀語(yǔ)
3)、There+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
基本句型三:主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)
1)、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+名詞或代詞
2)、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+不定式
I want to get your help.
句型四:主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓
1)、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+(人)間賓+(物)直賓
Tom left Mary a message.
This will save you much time.
2)、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+(物)直賓+to+(人)間賓
He offered a job to her.
I owe my success to you.
歸納:間接賓語(yǔ)前要用to的常用動(dòng)詞有:give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, pass, offer,
三、教會(huì)學(xué)生使用高級(jí)句式
英文中的高級(jí)句式包括定語(yǔ)從句、名詞從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、with句型等
1、巧用復(fù)合句
According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted, which ranks the first in the world.
But I’d like to attend the English lectures, from which I can get more information on British and American cultures.
解析:這兩個(gè)句子都運(yùn)用了定語(yǔ)從句,給文章增色添彩。
2、巧用倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、with句型等
Only in this way can Internet Bars be well used by people.
I couldn’t go on studying with so much noise troubling me.
It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.
第一句為倒裝句,第二個(gè)句式with短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ),第三句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,這些句式使得文章更生動(dòng),語(yǔ)氣也大大加強(qiáng)了。
3、巧用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
They each gave a speech teling us what they would do when they were elected.
Although (he was) left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all .
運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,可以使文句看起來(lái)更簡(jiǎn)潔,使語(yǔ)言更加豐富多彩,重點(diǎn)更為突出,增加文采。
四、學(xué)會(huì)使用過(guò)渡詞
一篇好的文章,必須要做到上下連貫,句與句之間邏輯關(guān)系銜接的非常好,而許多學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作時(shí)往往忽視這一點(diǎn),上下句之間的跳躍性很大,讓人感覺(jué)極不自然,面批時(shí)也會(huì)在這樣的地方停下來(lái),這樣的作文很顯然是得不到高分的。所以要想取得理想的分?jǐn)?shù),還要在文章的銜接方面下功夫,也就是要有適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡詞。英語(yǔ)中常用的過(guò)渡詞有如下一些。
1.表示時(shí)間:now, then, afterwards, soon, five minutes later, before long, shortly after that,to this day, just now, just then , as soon as, was doing…when, just at this time, immediately=in a flash=at once=in an instant, suddenly= all of a sudden=all at once
2.表示順序,動(dòng)作:first, firstly, second, secondly at first, at last, next, finally
3.表示轉(zhuǎn)折:but, yet, and yet, however, although in spite of, anyhow, nevertheless
4.表示因果關(guān)系:thus, therefore, so , as a result. seeing that, luckily, unfortunately, to one’s luck
總之,如果學(xué)生掌握了以上這些句式和過(guò)渡詞的運(yùn)用,不管是哪種程度的學(xué)生,其寫(xiě)作肯定能提高。而真正掌握了這些句式尤其是高級(jí)句式,對(duì)于閱讀理解能力的提高無(wú)疑是大有裨益。
參考文獻(xiàn)
【1】胡嘉凡. 淺談提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力的幾點(diǎn)方法手段[J]. 散文百家(新語(yǔ)文活頁(yè)), 2018(7).
【2】張美玲. 淺談如何提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力[J]. 科技信息, 2009(22):498.
【3】李萍. 淺論高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力訓(xùn)練的幾點(diǎn)做法[J]. 中學(xué)教學(xué)參考, 2015(3):52-52.
文 超?深圳市石巖公學(xué)