運用思維導(dǎo)圖提高初中學(xué)生英語寫作案例

趙桂華

摘 要：思維導(dǎo)圖是表達(dá)發(fā)散性思維的有效圖形思維工具。對于當(dāng)下我國學(xué)生的英語寫作而言，其難點并不是如何寫作，而是如何通過對寫作思路的整理組織，構(gòu)建一個合理清晰的寫作框架。本文通過將思維導(dǎo)圖有效地運用到英語作文寫作中，能夠很好地提高學(xué)生的英語寫作興趣。

關(guān)鍵詞：思維導(dǎo)圖;初中英語寫作;成績

當(dāng)前，我國不少地區(qū)的英語教師將思維導(dǎo)圖運用到英語教學(xué)中，但對于英語寫作納入思維導(dǎo)圖還比較少。思維導(dǎo)圖有效運用到英語寫作教學(xué)中，能夠有效促進學(xué)生英語寫作水平的提高，同時能對學(xué)生在英語詞匯、閱讀等各方面有著積極指導(dǎo)意義。

一、目前初中階段學(xué)生寫作時的困惑

困惑1：寫什么？

困惑2：即使知道了寫作框架，但在補充框架時又會遇到另一個困惑：如何選材？

1. 選定英語導(dǎo)圖各區(qū)域所需的詞塊和語塊。

2. 將各區(qū)域的詞塊和語塊按段落寫成連貫的語篇。

3. 對照思維導(dǎo)圖自我批改，注意人稱、時態(tài)語態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)的正確使用。

困惑3：寫作句式單一，不清楚同樣的意思可以用不同的句式表達(dá)。因此文章大多雷同，缺乏個性。

1. 對相同意思，注意不同句式的表達(dá)法，選擇更好的句式。

2. 短文寫作，表達(dá)力求精悍、生動、豐富，避免重復(fù)用一樣的句式。

3. 特別注意使用承上啟下的詞語和句子。

二、綜述：思維導(dǎo)圖英語作文寫作的思考流程

1. 審題、理清思路：考慮寫什么（挑選關(guān)鍵詞，搭建作文框架）。

2. 選擇詞語：根據(jù)話題和作文框架選用所需要的語料（詞塊和語塊）。

3. 遣詞造句：根據(jù)思維導(dǎo)圖中的語料，用合適的句型寫作。

4. 語篇定稿：根據(jù)思維導(dǎo)圖修改潤色作文——緊扣主題，表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，關(guān)聯(lián)自然，語篇流暢。

實例1.【2012天津】

假如你有兩位同學(xué)——芳芳和明明，參加了上星期二學(xué)校組織的英語演講比賽，他們的不同表現(xiàn)使你深有感觸。請你根據(jù)下列表格中的內(nèi)容提示寫一篇英語短文。

參考詞匯：英語演講比賽 English Speech Contest

要求：

1. 詞數(shù)：80～100個

2. 短文開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)

3. 要點齊全，行文連貫，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮

Last Tuesday Fangfang and Mingming entered the English Speech Contest in our school. What they did make me think deeply.

Before the contest， Fangfang thought_____________________

高分范文1.

Last Tuesday Fangfang and Mingming entered the English Speech Contest in our school. What they did make me think deeply.

Before the contest， Fangfang thought her English was the best. So she spent lots of time picking some beautiful clothes for herself instead of trying to work hard at English for the contest. As a result， she didnt do well in the contest because she hadnt got ready for the contest.

But Mingming was different from Fangfang. He worked hard at English and asked others for help. Especially， his leg was hurt two days before the contest， but he never gave up. In the end， he won the contest.

No doubt， from Mingming we should learn ： No pains， No gains. From now on， I mush learn from Mingming.

高分范文2.

Last Tuesday Fangfang and Mingming entered the English Speech Contest in our school. What they did make me think deeply.

Before the contest， Fangfang thought she was good at English， and that she didnt need to spend more time on the contest at all. She always considered picking some beautiful clothes for the contest. But Mingming was different. He worked hard at English and asked others for help. Though he had hurt his leg two days before the contest， he never gave up.

In the end， Fangfang didnt get ready well enough. At the contest， she was so nervous that she she failed. But Mingming won because of his efforts.

In my opinion， we should learn from Mingming： Work hard and make progress every day.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文：

Last Tuesday Fangfang and Mingming entered the English Speech Contest in our school. What they did make me think deeply.

Before the contest， Fangfang thought that she was good at English. So it was necessary to spend lots of time preparing for the contest. What she only thought was what clothes should wear， which make herself more beautiful at the contest. At last， she was too nervous to finish the contest because she didnt get ready very well.

Instead， Mingming had been working at English and asking others for help. Whats more， he had hurt his leg two days before the contest. But he had never given up. As the result， he won the contest.

I think we should learn from Mingming： Work hard and never give up.

實例2.【2012吉林】

生活是豐富多彩的，沒有愛好的人生是不完整的人生。親愛的同學(xué)，在生活中，你有什么興趣愛好嗎？這個興趣愛好是怎樣培養(yǎng)起來的？它給你的生活增添了哪些色彩？請你以“My Hobby”為題，結(jié)合自己的親身經(jīng)歷寫一篇短文。（詞數(shù)80個左右）

要求：

1. 語句通順，合乎邏輯，書寫規(guī)范。

2. 文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的姓名和學(xué)校名稱。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文：

Reading is my hobby. When I was seven years old， one day， I read a comic book about how a girl beat a wolf. I was moved deeply by the girl. From then on I became interested in reading books.

Reading can not only kill the time， but also， more importantly， help improve my skills. And books can teach me how to be a good person. Books can also solve many problems for me.

In a word， reading books can make my life colorful. I will read more good books to improve myself in the future.

高分范文1：

My hobby is collecting stamps. On my seventh birthday， I got my first stamp album from my uncle. After that， I started collecting stamps. Now， I have collected hundreds of different stamp.

Usually， I take a map of the world. When I collect a stamp from a different country， I find the place on the map and put the stamp there. As the result， I can learn about the world as well as getting the joy.

In a word， collecting stamps ahs made me get much knowledge and enjoy a lot.

高分范文2：

My favourite hobby is watching movies in the cinema. Three years ago， while I was watching the adventure 3D film Avatar in the cinema， I was attracted by the beautiful sights. It was so creative that it made me enjoy a lot. From then on， I became a movie fan.

Now， when I am tired， I go to the cinema. When I am happy， I go to the cinema， too. On the one hand， movies can make me relaxed. On the other hand， I can learn lots of knowledge from movies.

目前，你校?？陂_展以“My Favorite Sport”為話題的征文活動，請你積極思考，談?wù)勛约旱目捶ā?/p>

內(nèi)容提示：

1. Whats your favorite sport？

2. Why？

要求：

1. 中心突出，語義連貫，層次清晰，書寫規(guī)范;

2. 詞數(shù)80個左右。

思路點撥

看到作文題目后首先審題，主題是“My Favorite Sport”（我最喜歡的運動），可以分三段，第一段點明主題，第二段闡述原因，第三段結(jié)語，當(dāng)然闡述原因時也可以分兩段。

在腦海中構(gòu)建思維導(dǎo)圖，如下：利用思維導(dǎo)圖有助于學(xué)生有邏輯有條理地組織文章結(jié)構(gòu)，接下來就可以以詞組句、以句組段、下筆成文了。

以下有兩篇優(yōu)秀作文，請鑒賞：

01 ?My Favorite Sport

Jogging is one of the most wonderful sports in the world. A lot of people enjoy it including me. Here are two reasons.

First of all， jogging can help keep friendship. I enjoy jogging with my friends every morning on the way to school and we talk a lot during it. When I face difficulties， I will tell them and they always give me a hand. When I make great progress in my study， I will share my happiness with them. Jogging develops our friendship greatly. Whats more， jogging is cheaper than many other sports. It doesnt cost much.

As you can see， jogging brings me friendship. Jogging has become part of my life. I am sure that the more I go jogging， the healthier I will feel. I like jogging best.

02 ?My Favorite Sport

Swimming is my favorite sport. Here are the reasons.

Firstly， swimming plays an important role of being healthy. It can make my shoulders very strong and help me lose weight. I can even live longer if I keep swimming in my whole life.

Secondly， while swimming， I forget sadness and lead a happy life. Every time I meet problems or feel terrible， I choose to swim and throw all my sadness away. It really works.

Thirdly， swimming can make me relaxed after a long time of study.

Now its easy to see why I like swimming so much. It really does good to me.

綜上所述，思維導(dǎo)圖的綜合有效運用，能夠為學(xué)生提供英語寫作的作文思路，并根據(jù)這種思路構(gòu)建具體的、適合英語具體主題的寫作框架，學(xué)生根據(jù)已構(gòu)建的思路框架進行具體內(nèi)容的寫作，這種方法能夠?qū)W(xué)生的零散細(xì)碎的英語知識（包括詞匯、語法、句型、短語以及英語文化的運用）更為直觀地運用到寫作。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]楊靜.思維導(dǎo)圖對提高小學(xué)英語作文水平的研究[D].大連：遼寧師范大學(xué)，2013.

[2]蒙旭芳.如何運用思維導(dǎo)圖方式提高初中英語寫作能力[C].黑龍江省建三江管局青龍山農(nóng)場學(xué)校，2012.