重點單詞
1. begin ?v. ?(began) 開始
Ill begin whenever youre ready.
你什么時候準備好我就開始。
常用結構:begin to do sth/begin doing sth開始做某事
一般來說,begin to do和begin doing可以互換。
2. heavily ?adv. ?在很大程度上;大量地
My father smokes heavily.
我父親煙癮很重。
注意:形容雨、雪下得大用heavily或hard。
It rained heavily, so he didnt go to work yesterday.
雨下得很大,因此他昨天沒去上班。
heavy ?adj. ?重的
Peter is heavier than his sister.
彼得比他的妹妹重。
3. light ?n. ?光;光線;光亮
Bring it into the light so I can see it.
把它拿到亮的地方,好讓我看見。
注意:light意為“光;光線;光亮”時是不可數(shù)名詞。
(1)作可數(shù)名詞時意為“電燈”。
Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
離開教室時關掉燈。
(2)作形容詞時意為“輕的;淺色的”。
Is the box heavy or light?
盒子重不重?
I like the light green dress.
我喜歡那條淺綠色的裙子。
(3)作動詞時意為“點燃;照亮”。
He sat down and lit a cigarette.
他坐下來點了一根煙。
4. report ?v. & n. ?報道;公布
Call me if you have something to report.
如果你有什么事要向我報告就給我打電話。
make a report 做報告 weather report 天氣預報
Its reported that... 據(jù)報道……
Its reported that it will rain heavily tonight.
據(jù)報道,今夜有大雨。
5. beat ?v. ?敲打;打敗
Someone is beating the door.
有人在敲門。
We beat them by 3:2.
我們以3比2打敗了他們。
辨析:beat和win
beat 后常接競爭對手。
We beat them by the score of 2 to 1.
我們以2:1贏了他們。
win指贏得比賽、游戲獎杯、獎牌等。
Which team won the football match?
哪個隊贏了那場足球賽?
6. against ?prep. ?倚;碰;撞
The teachers desk is against the wall.
老師的辦公桌靠墻放著。
He stood against the tree.
他靠樹站著。
against表示“反對”,其反義詞為 for。
Are you for or against the plan?
你對這個計劃是贊成還是反對呢?
7. rise ?v. & n. ?升起;增加;提高
Im going to ask for a rise.
我將申請加薪。
辨析:rise和raise
rise 升起;上升。指主語自身移向較高位置。
Price rose gradually.
價格慢慢上漲了。
raise 舉起;提高。指主語發(fā)出的動作作用于其他事物。
Lets raise our glasses to Tom.
讓我們?yōu)闇放e起酒杯。
8. silence ?n. ?沉默;緘默;無聲
Theres nothing but silence in the room.
屋內(nèi)寂靜無聲。
silent ?adj. ?沉默的;寂靜的
The old house was silent.
這座老房子寂靜無聲。
重點短語
1. go off (鬧鐘) 發(fā)出響聲
The alarm went off just now.
剛才鬧鐘響了。
go over 復習 go away 離開
go by (時間) 過去
2. fall asleep 進入夢鄉(xiāng);睡著
辨析:fall asleep, go to sleep和go to bed
(1)fall asleep表示“入睡;睡著”,指進入夢鄉(xiāng),往往含有“不知不覺就睡著了”的意思。
He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.
他剛要入睡時,傳來了一陣響亮的敲門聲。
(2)go to sleep強調(diào)“入睡;進入夢鄉(xiāng)”這個動作。
I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible.
我只是想閉上眼睛,盡快地睡上一覺。
(3)go to bed意為“就寢;上床睡覺”,指“上床去睡”這個動作,與get up相對應。
The students in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in the evening.
我們學校的學生通常早晨六點起床,晚上九點半睡覺。
3. die down 逐漸變?nèi)?逐漸消失
After a while, the wind began to die down.
過了一會兒,風開始減弱。
辨析:die down和die out
指火的熄滅時,用die down或die out皆可。
die down往往指火勢由強到弱慢慢熄滅,植物慢慢死亡這一過程。
die out則指熄滅這一事實,而且不及die down用得普遍。
die down指風、聲音、憤怒、掌聲、戰(zhàn)斗等平息下來。
die out指家庭、種族、物種、組織、信仰等的消失或消亡。
4. make ones way to... 前往;費力地前進
Ill make my way to the school now.
現(xiàn)在我要去學校。
活學活用
1. Ben didnt fall asleep until the wind ______ (die
down) at around 3:00 am.
2. I was too tired and still sleeping when my alarm _____
(go off).
3. The river ______ two inches this morning.
A. rose B. raised C. turned D. grew
4. 寫出下列單詞的過去式。
beat ______ rise ______
fall ______ begin ______
5. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。
heavy ______ (adv.) sudden ______ (adv.)
recent ______ (adv.) complete ______ (adv.)
sleep ______ (adj.) ice ______ (adj.)
silent ______ (n.) true ______ (n.)
report ______ (n.) strange ______ (n.)
基本語法
一、過去進行時態(tài)
1. 定義:表示過去某個時刻或過去某段時間正在進行的動作。
2. 用法:
(1)過去某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作。
He was doing his homework at nine yesterday morning.
昨天早上九點,他正在做作業(yè)。
(2)過去某段時間正在發(fā)生的動作。
I was staying here from March to May last year.
去年從3月到5月,我一直待在這里。
(3)與過去進行時連用的時間狀語,常見的有 at nine last night/at that time/at this time yesterday或有when the teacher came in/while he was reading等提示。
(4)過去進行時的構成:was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞
(5)過去進行時的四個基本句型
①肯定句:主語+was/were+doing sth+時間狀語.
He was cooking at six last night.
②否定句:主語+was/were+not+doing sth+時間狀語.
He was not cooking at six last night.
③一般疑問句:Was/Were+主語+doing sth+時間狀語?
肯定和否定回答:Yes,主語+was/were./No,主語+ wasnt/werent.
—Was he cooking at six last night?
—Yes, he was. /No, he wasnt.
④特殊疑問句:What...+was/were+主語+doing+時間狀語?
What was he doing at six last night?
二、when與while的用法與區(qū)別
1. when與while都有“當……的時候”的意思。
(1)when既可表示某一時間點,也可表示某一段時間。在when 引導的時間狀語從句中,其謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是非延續(xù)性的,可與主句中的謂語動詞同時發(fā)生,也可在其后發(fā)生。
I was just reading a book when she came into my room.
她走進我房間時,我正在看書。
(2)while只能表示某一段時間。在while 引導的時間狀語從句中,其謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性的,而且也只能與主句中的謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或存在。
You cant do your homework while youre watching TV.
你不能一邊看電視,一邊做家庭作業(yè)。
2. when引導的時間狀語從句多用一般時態(tài),而while引導的時間狀語從句多用進行時態(tài)。
I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.
昨天晚上媽媽回家的時候,我正在做家庭作業(yè)。
While they were talking, the bell rang.
他們正在談話的時候,上課鈴響了。