機(jī)器人的發(fā)展

Robots， becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world， are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention. Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry， where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.

機(jī)器人在所有發(fā)達(dá)國家的工廠日益普及，人們對(duì)它們進(jìn)行編程和設(shè)計(jì)，使其在無人情況下執(zhí)行工業(yè)任務(wù)?，F(xiàn)今，大多數(shù)機(jī)器人用于汽車工業(yè)，人們對(duì)其編程，從事如汽車和卡車車身焊接、噴漆之類的工作。

What makes a robot a robot and not just another kind of automatic machine？ Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task， they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. As an example， a robot doing spot welding one month can be reprogrammed and switched to spray painting the next. Automatic machine， on the other hand， are not capable of many different uses; they are built to perform only one task.

是什么使機(jī)器人變成機(jī)器人而不是其他的自動(dòng)化機(jī)器呢？機(jī)器人與自動(dòng)化機(jī)器的區(qū)別在于：機(jī)器人完成一項(xiàng)特定工作后，它們可以被電腦重新編程去執(zhí)行另一項(xiàng)任務(wù)。比如，一個(gè)機(jī)器人做了一個(gè)月的點(diǎn)焊，可以被重新編程，并在下個(gè)月轉(zhuǎn)向噴漆。相反，自動(dòng)化機(jī)器卻沒有許多不同的用途，它們只能執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

The next generation of robots will be able to see objects， will have a sense of touch， and will make critical decisions. Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to “see”， robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. One robot vision system used electronic digital cameras containing many rows of light-sensitive materials. When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera， the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers. The numbers are part of a grayscale system in which brightness is measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0 to 15， and another from 0 to 255. The 0 is represented by black. The highest number is white. The numbers between are represented by different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture that shows an image of the object in question.

下一代機(jī)器人將能看見物體，具有觸覺，能做出關(guān)鍵性的決定。精通微電子和電腦技術(shù)的工程師正在為機(jī)器人開發(fā)人造視力，有了“看”的能力，機(jī)器人就能從一堆不同的材料中鑒別檢查出具體的某一類物體。機(jī)器人視覺系統(tǒng)采用包含多行感光材料的電子數(shù)碼相機(jī)。當(dāng)一個(gè)物體上的光，如機(jī)器零件，照射到相機(jī)上時(shí)，敏感材料就可測量出光的強(qiáng)度，把光線轉(zhuǎn)換為一組數(shù)字。這些數(shù)字是灰度系統(tǒng)的一部分，其亮度由一系列數(shù)值測量。一個(gè)刻度范圍是0到15，另一個(gè)是0到255。0用黑色表示，最高值用白色，其間的數(shù)值用不同的灰色陰影來表示。然后計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，并將數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換為表明該物體形象的圖像。

Engineers are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers， giving robots a sense of touch. Some engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products. To do this， the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.

工程技術(shù)人員正在設(shè)計(jì)和試驗(yàn)新型金屬手臂和手指，使機(jī)器人具有觸覺。一些工程人員正在編寫新的程序，使機(jī)器人能做出決定，諸如是否丟棄成品中有缺陷的零件。要做到這點(diǎn)，機(jī)器人還必須具有鑒別有缺陷零件的能力。

These future robots， assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions， will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to explore for minerals on the ocean floor or in deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They will work as gas station attendants， firemen， housekeepers， and security personnel. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

集觸覺、視覺和做決定能力于一體的未來機(jī)器人將會(huì)做大量工作。它們可以用于探測海底的礦物，或者探測對(duì)人類來說太危險(xiǎn)而不能進(jìn)入的礦井深處。它們可以做加油站服務(wù)人員、消防人員、房屋管理員和安全人員的工作。任何想了解未來工業(yè)的人必須懂得機(jī)器人技術(shù)。

KEYS

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A： 1—4 ?ACAB B： 5—8 ?ACDC

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?CBAAB 6—10 ? ?DBADC

11—15 ?BDDAB 16—20 ?CCDAC

語法填空

1. sunny 2. but 3. which 4. Unfortunately 5. destroyed

6. praying ?7. sculptures 8. its 9. to become 10. that

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A： 1—4 ?ADAD B： 5—8 ?DCAD

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?DAGCB

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?ACBAD 6—10 ? ?DCABD

11—15 ?CBABC 16—20 ?DACBD

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

閱讀理解

1—4 ?ACDD

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?ECGAD

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

選詞填空

1. architects 2. projects 3. are located 4. faces 5. galleries ? ? ? ? ? ?6. is signing 7. agreement 8. is governed 9. geographical 10. heads

句子翻譯

1. He fell off the horse a week ago and has been in bed ever since.

2. Because of the warm and sunny weather， oranges grow very well here.

3. I want to go to the party， but on the other hand， I need to finish my homework today.

4. What does this mean in terms of cost？

5. His English is improving little by little.

短文改錯(cuò)

Traveling abroad， you should follow the customs of the country which you are visited. When you∧invited， it is good manners to refuse or accept

visiting ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?are

an invitation， either by writing or by telephoning. If I go to the party， it is

the ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? you

polite to arrive at on time. It is good manners to shake hand with your

hands

host. You can take a present if you like， possible a bottle of wine， a box

possibly

of chocolates and some flowers. However， it was not bad manners to

or ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?is

take nothing. It is not polite to stay too late before the other guests have

after

gone. Also， it is suggested to write or telephone a day or two later to

thank your host.

書面表達(dá)

One possible version：

Dear Tom，

I am sorry to tell you that I cant keep my promise that I will pay a visit to Beijing with you next weekend. Im afraid we will have to make it another time， because I will be meeting my uncle at the airport next weekend. I havent seen him for almost ten years. He is on business from Australia， and will be here for only two days. It is a rare chance for our family to come together again.

If it is convenient for you， we can make it the weekend after next. Once again， I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.

Yours，

Li Hua

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A： 1—4 ?DBBA B： 5—8 ?BAAA

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?BABDC 6—10 ? ?DACBC

11—15 ?ACBAD 16—20 ?ACDBD

語法填空

1. and 2. Truly 3. be made 4. to create 5. using 6. as/when

7. turned 8. development 9. knives 10. with

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A： 1—4 ?ACAD B： 5—8 ?DBAB

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?EDFCB

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?CBADA 6—10 ? ?DABCB

11—15 ?BDCCA 16—20 ?DCABD

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

閱讀理解

1—4 ?BCAA

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?BFGAD

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

選詞填空

1. figures ? ?2. is crowded ? ?3. tourism ? ?4. hunger ? ?5. polluted ? ? ? 6. development ? ?7. goals ? ?8. unfortunate ? ?9. measured ? ?10. educating

句子翻譯

1. The ship has lain at the bottom of the sea for two hundred years.

2. Write down your name， address and phone number at the top of this page.

3. The doctors are making every effort to save that boy.

4. I think he is closely connected with this matter.

5. The children are close to each other in age.

短文改錯(cuò)

One day， in my way to school， I noticed two anxious foreigners

on

surrounding by a group of people. I stopped and found that they

surrounded

were tourist from Canada who carelessly left a very importantly wallet

tourists ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?important

in a taxi. So I take them to the nearest police station. With∧help of the

took ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? the

policemen， we got in touch with the taxi company. We were telling that

told

the wallet had just been found. And two passports， flight tickets， or

and

some money were still inside it. Finally the two Canadians got our

their

wallet back. They thanked for me and left.

書面表達(dá)

One possible version：

Dear Mike，

I happened to see a poster at the school gate for a lecture on cultural differences between China and the United States. The lecture is to be given in our school hall at 7 on Friday evening by Professor Wang Wen from Beijing University， who is an expert in human society and culture. Why dont you go and attend the lecture？ I know you have taken a special interest in traditional Chinese culture， so I think this is a good opportunity for you to develop your understanding of what it is like.

Im sure you will find the lecture worth listening to.

Yours，

Li Hua

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A： 1—4 ?CDBB B： 5—8 ?AABD

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?DDCCA 6—10 ? ?DBCDA

11—15 ?CBBAC 16—20 ?ABADA

語法填空

1. sat ? ?2. before ? ?3. Really ? ?4. to push ? ?5. warning ? ?6. as ? ?7. it ? ?8. shouting ? ?9. pleased ? ?10. himself

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A： 1—4 ?ACBD B： 5—8 ?DDAC

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?DEBFG

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?ABCDD 6—10 ? ?CBBCC

11—15 ?BCDAB 16—20 ?BCDBA

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

閱讀理解

1—4 ?ADDC

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?FDAGC

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

選詞填空

1. experienced ? ?2. feathers ? ?3. eruption ? ?4. possibility ? ?5. luckily

6. was struck ? ?7. burying ? ?8. warning ? ?9. occurred ? ?10. causing

句子翻譯

1. Youll end up in hospital if you drive your car like that.

2. That building caught fire last night and is still on fire now.

3. Great changes have taken place in my hometown during the past ten years.

4. The earthquake caused great damage. Four hundred people lost their lives in all.

5. The leaves were picked up by the wind and floated in the sky.

短文改錯(cuò)

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Mount Emei. Its∧famous mountain in our city. The weather was fine. It was

a

about noon when we arrived on the foot of it. The three of us were

at

very exciting. As we climbed the mountain， we fed monkey， visited temples

excited ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?monkeys

and took pictures since the scenery was such beautiful. Time was

so

passed quickly. It soon got dark. They had supper at a restaurant. The

We

food was expensive and the service was good. Then we spend the

but ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?spent

night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. I was tired but what

how

wonderful the trip was！

書面表達(dá)

One possible version：

In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise， our school organized a mountain-climbing activity on April 10. At 8：00 am， we reached the foot of Daqing Mountain and set out for the top in high spirits. All the way we were talking， singing and laughing， enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. When some fell behind， others would come and offer help. About 2 hours later， we all reached the top.

There is no doubt that we had a good chance to get close to nature and relax from heavy school work. The activity also improved the friendship between us students. What a wonderful time！

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A： 1—3 ?BCD B： 4—7 ?CCBB

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?BCACD 6—10 ? ?ABBCA

11—15 ?BCADA 16—20 ?CDBAA

語法填空

1. what ? ?2. her ? ?3. are set ? ?4. direction ? ?5. trying ? ?6. possible ? ?7. where ? ?8. for ? ?9. to collect ? ?10. tiring

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A： 1—4 ?DDCA B： 5—8 ?CDCB

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?FBACD

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?DCBAB 6—10 ? ?ACDBA

11—15 ?BCDDB 16—20 ?ADCBD

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

閱讀理解

1—4 ?DBAB

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?DGFEA

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

選詞填空

1. forecast/forecasted ? ?2. frightening ? ?3. recycling ? ?4. coastal ? ? 5. pollution ? ?6. masks ? ?7. complained ? ?8. cycling ? ?9. absolutely ? ?10. protection

句子翻譯

1. Its too hot. The boys jumped into the river one after another.

2. Her illness has had a very bad effect on her work.

3. Our club has planned to take in 20 new members.

4. The candles on the table give out soft light.

5. He looked through his notes before writing the report.

短文改錯(cuò)

Hello， boys and girls！ Today， I am going to talk with what you

about

should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm， stand in lines

goes ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?line

at the door and wait for your teacher∧lead you outside. Stay closely to

to ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? close

your teacher and classmates. Dont get out of line， and tried to remain

try

calm and quiet. Soon the firefighters will come and put off the

out

fire. If its a false alarm and there is no fire， your teacher will lead us

you

back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missed or

missing

hurt， tell your teacher immediately.

書面表達(dá)

One possible version：

Building a Good Relationship with Our Teachers

As a senior high student， I think it is necessary to build a good relationship with our teachers. We students can always get support and advice from them， from which we learn a lot and feel good about ourselves.

In my opinion， this relationship should be one filled with love， care， understanding and respect， so we can exchange ideas freely. To build a relationship of this kind， we students should trust teachers and express our feelings honestly so that they can become our friends. Only in this way can we enjoy a warm relationship between teachers and students and live a happy and healthy school life.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A： 1—4 ?DDCD B： 5—8 ?ADCA

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?BABCA 6—10 ? ?DBDCA

11—15 ?BCDCA ? ? ?16—20 ? DBDAC

語法填空

1. as ? ?2. wealthy ? ?3. was ? ?4. which ? ?5. was sent ? ?6. successfully ? ?7. It ? ?8. development ? ?9. to study ? ?10. leaving

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A： 1—4 ?DACB B： 5—8 ?ADDA

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?CGDAE

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?BCADC 6—10 ? ?ACBAC

11—15 ?DABCA 16—20 ?BDCBA

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

閱讀理解

1—4 ?CBCB

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?DCBAF

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

選詞填空

1. thinker ? ?2. influential ? ?3. honesty ? ?4. resigning ? ?5. contributions ? ?6. stressed ? ?7. invented ? ?8. softly ? ?9. freedom ? ?10. argument

句子翻譯

1. Though/Although （she was） born and brought up in the city， she prefers life in the country.

2. In conclusion， Id like to thank you for all youve done for me.

3. He took his first flight at the age of six， and from then on he became interested in flying.

4. I am proud of being an inventor.

5. I remember seeing the ocean for the first time when I was 18.

短文改錯(cuò)

Music is the international language. The songs sung or playing

an ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? played

by instruments are beautiful to people everywhere. Popular music in America is that every student likes. Students carry their small radio with

what ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? radios

earphones， but listen to music before class， after class and at lunch.

and

There are other kinds∧music that are important to Americans. One is

of

called folk music， it tells stories about the common life of Americans.

which

Another is called western or country music， started by cowboys whom

who

would sing to the cows they were watching out. Today， any music about

the love between a country boy and his girlfriend are called western

is

or country music.

書面表達(dá)

One possible version：

Good afternoon， everyone！ Its a great honor to have the chance to be with you today. The topic of my speech is “Thank you， Mom”.

Like many of you， I have a loving and caring mother. I highly appreciate all the support she gives to me， especially during the stressful days. In these days， she cooks me tasty dinners， and makes my room as clean as possible. On top of that， whenever I get upset， she listens to me and comforts me until I have cheered up.

I have messages for everyone here： Work hard for our dear moms and ourselves. Express our love in return. Either a small talk with our mom or a cup of tea for her will shine her through.

Thank you for listening.

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀理解

A： 1—4 ?ACAD B： 5—8 ?DCBB

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?ABCDA 6—10 ? ?BDDCA

11—15 ?BADAC 16—20 ?BDACD

語法填空

1. written ? ?2. for ? ?3. American ? ?4. to be carried ? ?5. was found

6. luckily ? ?7. where ? ?8. appearance ? ?9. calling ? ?10. who/that

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀理解

A： 1—4 ?BCCB ? ? ? ?B： 5—8 ?AADC

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?AGCBE

完形填空

1—5 ? ? ?DBACD 6—10 ? ?BCADB

11—15 ?ACBDC 16—20 ?ABDAC

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（五）

閱讀理解

1—4 ?DCDD

閱讀七選五

1—5 ?BCGAF

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（六）

選詞填空

1. dates ? ?2. construction ? ?3. narrowest ? ?4. canals ? ?5. historical ? ?6. ridiculously ? ?7. foggy ? ?8. crashed ? ?9. freezing ? ?10. removing

句子翻譯

1. Sally， what you are saying doesnt make any sense.

2. Im afraid his hope wont come true easily.

3. My interest in stamp collecting dates from my schooldays.

4. The police were unable to hold back the crowd.

5. We must bring an end to their endless arguments.

短文改錯(cuò)

Zhou Yan is the Senior Three student. Last week， he goes to see a

a ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?went

doctor because ?his arms and fingers hurt. The doctor told him the

fact ∧ he had a “mobile phone disease”. Zhou sent messages for his

that ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? to

friends with his mobile phone all the time， even in bed. Zhou started to do badly in all the exam because he spent so many time on his mobile

exams ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?much

phone. He didnt stop use the mobile phone until his arms hurt. Yang

using

Ling， which is an expert from a health center， said students should try

who

to use their mobile phones less， especial at school.

especially

書面表達(dá)

One possible version：

NOTICE

Dear friends，

Id like to offer some tips to those students who will go abroad so that you can avoid trouble and make your trip more pleasant.

First of all， you should carry your passports and some money and take good care of your passports and wallets， without which you could do nothing in a strange land. It is necessary to take some clothes and medicine in case the weather changes and you might fall ill. During your stay in Australia， you should never go out alone to avoid getting lost. In addition， you should mind your behavior wherever you go and whatever you do because you represent the Chinese people. You should behave properly and establish a good image.

If you follow my advice， I am sure you will enjoy your trip.

President of the Student Union