謝晨 郭仲謙 張廣政 王磊 曾昭書 劉開會
摘要:目的? 比較鄭州農(nóng)村漢族男性27個Y-STR遺傳多態(tài)性及多民族間的遺傳距離。方法? 采用Yfiler Plus試劑盒對27個Y-STR基因座進行擴增,3500 xL遺傳分析儀進行基因分型,統(tǒng)計27個Y-STR基因座的等位基因頻率及基因差異度等遺傳學(xué)參數(shù)。以YHRD網(wǎng)站的分子方差分析(AMOVA)程序分析不同省份漢族及不同少數(shù)民族男性人群的遺傳距離,以該網(wǎng)站的多維尺度分析(MDS)程序繪制MDS圖。結(jié)果? 鄭州農(nóng)村漢族男性中共540個不同的單倍型,27個Y-STR基因座所組成的HD值為0.999974?;蛐蛿?shù)據(jù)分析顯示,27個Y-STR中DYS385b、DYS449、DYS518和DYS627表現(xiàn)出高基因差異度(GD>0.85),而DYS391和DYS438表現(xiàn)出低基因差異度(GD<0.5)。在與其他省份漢族男性的遺傳距離比較,鄭州農(nóng)村漢族男性與陜西漢族男性遺傳距離最近(Rst=0.0028),與廣西漢族遺傳距離最遠(Rst=0.0891);在與其他省份少數(shù)民族男性的遺傳距離比較,鄭州農(nóng)村漢族男性與陜西回族男性的遺傳距離最近(Rst=0.01526),與四川藏族的遺傳距離最遠(Rst=0.2873)。結(jié)論? Yfiler Plus的27個Y-STR基因座在鄭州農(nóng)村漢族男性中具有良好的多態(tài)性,可用于區(qū)分鄭州農(nóng)村漢族無關(guān)男性個體。由于農(nóng)村地區(qū)一般為多代世居于此,故本結(jié)果可視為鄭州本地男性代表性數(shù)據(jù),可為本地區(qū)的法醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:法醫(yī)物證學(xué);遺傳距離;Y-STR基因座;單體型;遺傳多態(tài)性;鄭州;漢族;男性
中圖分類號:D919? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.03.022
文章編號:1006-1959(2020)03-0074-05
Comparison of 27 Y-STR Genetic Polymorphisms and Genetic Distance Among Ethnic Groups
in Rural Han Males in Zhengzhou
XIE Chen1,2,GUO Zhong-qian1,3,ZHANG Guang-zheng1,WANG Lei2,ZENG Zhao-shu1,LIU Kai-hui4
(1.Department of Forensic Medicine,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,China;
2.Institute of Criminal Science and Technology,Criminal Investigation Bureau,Zhengzhou Public Security Bureau,
Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,China;
3.Forensic Expertise Center of the Third People's Hospital of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,China;
4.Material Evidence Identification Center of the Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)
Abstract:Objective? To compare 27 Y-STR genetic polymorphisms and genetic distances among ethnic groups in rural Han males in Zhengzhou. Methods? The Yfiler Plus kit was used to amplify 27 Y-STR loci, the 3500 xL genetic analyzer was used for genotyping, and the genetic parameters such as allele frequency and gene difference were counted for 27 Y-STR loci. The molecular distance analysis (AMOVA) program of the YHRD website was used to analyze the genetic distance of the Han and different minority male populations in different provinces, and the MDS map was drawn using the website's multidimensional scale analysis (MDS) program.Results? There were 540 different haplotypes in rural Han males in Zhengzhou, and the HD value composed of 27 Y-STR loci was 0.999974. Analysis of genotype data showed that among 27 Y-STR, DYS385b, DYS449, DYS518, and DYS627 showed high genetic differences (GD>0.85), while DYS391 and DYS438 showed low genetic differences (GD<0.5). In comparison with the genetic distance of Han males in other provinces, the rural Han males in Zhengzhou have the closest genetic distance to the Han males in Shaanxi (Rst=0.0028), and the genetic distance to the Han population in Guangxi is the furthest (Rst=0.0891). For distance comparison, the genetic distance between Han males in rural Zhengzhou and Hui males in Shaanxi is the closest (Rst=0.01526), and the genetic distance between Sichuan males and Sichuan Tibetans is the longest (Rst=0.2873).Conclusion? The 27 Y-STR loci of Yfiler Plus have good polymorphism in Han males in rural Zhengzhou, which can be used to distinguish unrelated male individuals in rural Zhengzhou Han. Since the rural areas are usually here for many generations, this result can be regarded as the representative data of local males in Zhengzhou, which can provide basic data for forensic applications in this area.
Key words:Forensic physical evidence;Genetic distance;Y-STR locus;Haplotype;Genetic polymorphism;Zhengzhou;Han;Male
Y染色體為男性所特有,呈父系遺傳,不與其他染色體重組,在法醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗中作用獨特[1]。河南位于我國中東部,鄭州作為河南的省會,近年來隨著經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展加速、人員流動性增加、流入及流出人口均占較大比例,因此在鄭州市城區(qū)范圍內(nèi)取樣進行STR位點的遺傳多態(tài)性調(diào)查時,已經(jīng)難以保證所取樣品均為鄭州地區(qū)人口?;诖?,在男性家族系統(tǒng)建設(shè)過程中走村入戶的有利形勢下,本研究深入到鄭州郊縣的農(nóng)村地區(qū),對世代居住在此的老年男性和部分中青年男性進行血樣采集,并進行27個Y-STR的遺傳多態(tài)性研究,以期獲得最能代表鄭州本地人口的Y-STR分型結(jié)果,為法醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),同時為漢族人群的起源與遷徙等研究提供27個Y-STR群體數(shù)據(jù),現(xiàn)報道如下。
1材料與方法
1.1樣本來源? 收集2018年5月~12月現(xiàn)居住在鄭州市農(nóng)村且超過三代以上,民族皆為漢族的542名健康男性,年齡15~55歲,均充分了解采血的實驗?zāi)康?、自愿接受采血,并同意將基因信息作于研究使用,排除存在認知障礙者。血樣經(jīng)EDTA抗凝后保存于實驗室-80℃冰箱內(nèi)備用。
1.2 DNA提取? 采用QIAamp? DNA Blood Mini Kit(德國QIAGEN公司)試劑盒進行DNA提取,按照說明書進行。NanoDrop 2000c(美國Thermo Fisher Scientific公司)進行DNA定量。
1.3 PCR擴增及擴增產(chǎn)物分型? 參照Yfiler Plus試劑盒(Thermo Fisher Scientific)說明書,應(yīng)用ABI 9700熱循環(huán)儀(美國AB公司)進行復(fù)合擴增,擴增產(chǎn)物用ABI 3500 xL遺傳分析儀(美國AB公司)進行檢測,以GeneMapper ID-X軟件對數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果進行STR分型。
1.4統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析? 通過直接計數(shù)計算等位基因和單倍型頻率,將兩個多拷貝基因座DYS385a/b和DYF387S1a/b視為等位基因組合。根據(jù)Nei M等[2]的公式計算基因差異度(GD)和單倍型差異度(HD),GD(或HD)=n1-■P■■/(n-1),其中n是觀察到的等位基因或單倍型的總數(shù),Pi表示第i個等位基因(或單倍型)的頻率。通過YHRD網(wǎng)站[3]的分子方差分析(AMOVA)軟件估計Rst的成對遺傳距離和不同群體之間的數(shù)值,并使用YHRD網(wǎng)站的多維尺度分析(MDS)工具繪制MDS圖。
2結(jié)果
2.1鄭州農(nóng)村男性漢族的27個Y-STR基因座等位基因頻率和基因多態(tài)性? 在鄭州農(nóng)村漢族男性中共觀察到540個不同的單倍型,27個Y-STR基因座所組成的HD值為0.999974。單個基因座的等位基因數(shù)為DYS437的4個~DYS385b的16個。在DYS385a/b中檢測到59個等位基因組合,其中DYS385a有11個不同的等位基因,DYS385b有16個不同的等位基因。在DYF387S1a/b中檢測到39個不同等位基因組合,其中DYF387S1a有8個不同的等位基因,DYF387S1b有10個不同的等位基因。此外,在河南漢族中檢測到多個中間等位基因:DYS385a/b(12.1)、DYS485(14.1)、DYS19(14.3)、DYS627(17.2,18.2)、DYS458(14.1)、DYS448(19.2)、DYS449(29.2)、DYS518(33.2,37.2)、DYF387S1a/b(37.2)?;蛐蛿?shù)據(jù)分析顯示,27個Y-STR中DYS385b、DYS449、DYS518和DYS627表現(xiàn)出高基因差異度(GD>0.85),而DYS391和DYS438表現(xiàn)出低基因差異度(GD<0.5),見表1。
2.2鄭州農(nóng)村漢族男性與其他省份漢族男性的遺傳距離比較? 利用YHRD在線軟件,手動添加其他省份漢族男性數(shù)據(jù)(包括陜西漢族[4]、山東漢族[4,5]、北京漢族[4]、呼倫貝爾漢族、黑龍江漢族、常州漢族[5,6]、潮汕漢族[7,8]、福建漢族、浙江漢族[5]、上海漢族[5,9,10]、湖南漢族[11]、重慶漢族、江西漢族、海南漢族,以及廣西漢族),結(jié)果顯示在所有參考群體中,鄭州農(nóng)村漢族男性與陜西漢族男性的遺傳距離最近(Rst=0.0028),而鄭州農(nóng)村漢族男性與廣西漢族男性的遺傳距離最遠(Rst=0.0891),見圖1。
2.3鄭州農(nóng)村漢族群體與其他省份少數(shù)民族男性的遺傳距離比較? 利用YHRD在線軟件,手動添加其他省份少數(shù)民族數(shù)據(jù)(包括甘肅回族,河南回族,青?;刈澹兾骰刈?,山東回族,四川回族,新疆回族,云南回族,寧夏回族[12-15],延邊朝鮮族[16],海南臨高族[17],海南黎族[18],貴州苗族[19],甘肅藏族,青海藏族,四川藏族[20],湖北土家族,新疆維吾爾族[16,21],新疆哈薩克族[22],貴州彝族,四川彝族,云南彝族[23],廣西壯族[24,25]),結(jié)果顯示在與少數(shù)民族男性的遺傳距離方面,鄭州農(nóng)村漢族男性與陜西回族男性的遺傳距離最近(Rst=0.01526),鄭州農(nóng)村漢族男性與與四川藏族男性間的遺傳距離最遠(Rst=0.2873),見圖2。
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收稿日期:2019-12-12;修回日期:2019-12-29
編輯/杜帆