曼谷都市森林公園

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：泰國(guó)曼谷

建設(shè)單位：PTT公眾有限公司

用地面積：22 400平方米

總建筑面積：500平方米

建筑占地面積：500平方米

樓層數(shù)：2層

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Spacetime建筑師事務(wù)所

首席建筑師：Kanika Ratanapridakul

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：Piangor Pattayakorn, Kongsak Wichakanatul

建筑監(jiān)理：EDA顧問有限公司

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：H工程有限公司

水電工程：MITR技術(shù)顧問有限公司，Ritta有限公司

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)：Designlab NLSS有限公司, Ritta 有限公司

首席景觀建筑師：Tawatchai Kobkaikit

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：TK Studio

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2013-2014年

竣工時(shí)間：2015年

攝影：Tanet Sae-Au

Location: Bangkok, Thailand

Client: PTT Public Company Limited

Site Area: 22 400 m2

Gross Built Area: 500 m2

Building Footprint Area: 500 m2

Floor Numbers: 2

Architects: Spacetime Architects

Chief Architect: Kanika Ratanapridakul

Design Team: Piangor Pattayakorn, Kongsak Wichakanatul

Supervision: EDA Consultants Co., Ltd.

Structural Engineer: H Engineer Co., Ltd.

Engineer (Water and Electricity): MITR Technical Consultants Co., Ltd., Ritta Co., Ltd.

Interior: Designlab NLSS Co., Ltd.

Chief Landscape Architect: Tawatchai Kobkaikit

Landscape: TK Studio (former Landscape Architects of Bangkok)

Design Year: 2013-2014

Completion Year: 2015

Photography: Tanet Sae-Au

“我們應(yīng)該先種好人們心中的樹，然后人們才會(huì)走出去種好自己的林。”

“We should plant the trees inside the people’s heart first, then the people will go out and plant their own forest”

普密蓬·阿杜德國(guó)王

King Bhumibol

背景

Background

PTT已經(jīng)在泰國(guó)全國(guó)開展了超過10年的再造林工程，種植面積達(dá)100多萬rai（16萬公頃）。他們持續(xù)致力于再造林政策，這反映在PTT重新造林研究所的設(shè)立上，該研究所負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督下一個(gè)100萬rai再造林計(jì)劃，打造公眾的知識(shí)中心。他們認(rèn)識(shí)到，曼谷市及其居民在再造林工程的成功中發(fā)揮了重要作用，因此決定在市區(qū)內(nèi)劃出一塊面積12rai的土地作為“城市森林中心”。這個(gè)中心將作為學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)所，讓所有年齡的曼谷居民可以來此親身體驗(yàn)原始森林的美麗和價(jià)值。

PTT has been working on reforestation project throughout Thailand for over 10 years with 1 mil. rai accomplishment. Their continuing commitment to the reforestation policy has been reflected in the setup of PTT Reforestation Institute to oversee the next 1 mil. rai reforestation plan and to be the center of knowledge for the public. They recognize that the city of Bangkok and its inhabitant play a significant part in the success of the reforestation project and had therefore decided to dedicate a 12 rai plot of land within the city area as an “Urban Forest Center”. This center will serve as a learning venue for the Bangkokian of all ages to come and experience the beauty and value of the indigenous forest first hand.

總體項(xiàng)目概念

Overall Project Concept

該項(xiàng)目側(cè)重于使用“宮脅昭法”來恢復(fù)森林。這種方法僅使用本地物種，采用隨機(jī)種植模式模仿自然以恢復(fù)森林。土地利用分為75%的森林，10%的水和15%的其他用途。

This project focuses on using “Akira Miyawaki Method” to restore the forest. This method restores the forest by using only indigenous species and random planting pattern to imitate nature. The land use has been divided into 75% forest, 10% water and 15% other usage.

該項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)分為以下3個(gè)不同的部分：1.森林（由風(fēng)景園林師和森林恢復(fù)專家打造）。2.建筑（由建筑師、工程師和LEED顧問建設(shè)）。3.展覽（由展覽設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)）

The design of the project is divided into 3 different parts: 1. Forest (by Landscape Architect and Forest Restoration Specialist). 2. Buildings (by Architect, Engineers and LEED Advisor). 3. Exhibition (by Exhibition Designer)

建筑構(gòu)思

Architectural Concept

1.與環(huán)境融為一體

1. Blend in with the Environment

a）展覽館：以夯土為主要墻體材料，使建筑與周圍環(huán)境融為一體。將建筑的屋頂設(shè)計(jì)為屋頂花園，使建筑與森林融為一體（特別是從高處俯瞰，比如從空中步道和觀景塔臺(tái)俯瞰）。

a) Exhibition Building: Use rammed earth as the main wall materials to allow architecture to blend in with the surroundings. Turn building roof into a roof garden so architecture will blend in with the forest (in particularly from a high-angled point-of-view such as from Skywalk and Observation Tower).

b）空中步道：采用圓形鋼柱作為結(jié)構(gòu)支撐，易于粉刷，以與樹木融為一體。為避免太過顯眼，整個(gè)走道設(shè)計(jì)輕盈，通風(fēng)良好。走道地板是由天然木色的復(fù)合木制成，邊緣采用隨機(jī)圖案，以模仿自然的外觀，而不是直線形的人造外觀。扶手的設(shè)計(jì)也有同樣的用意。

b) Skywalk: Using round steel columns for structural support which can be easily painted to blend in with the trees. The overall walkway has been designed to look light and airy in order to not be too visible. The walkway floor is made of composite wood in natural wood color and the edges are in random pattern to imitate natural look rather than the straight-line manmade look. The handrails are also designed with the same intention.

c）觀景塔臺(tái)：采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)組合成圓柱形，向中心略微傾斜，朝向塔頂部分，以達(dá)到輕盈而通風(fēng)的外觀，以免與周圍環(huán)境相沖突。

c) Observation Tower: Using steel structure put together in a cylindrical shape slightly angled to the center toward the top part of the tower in order to achieve the light and airy look in order to not stand out from the surrounding.

2.成為綠色建筑創(chuàng)新的典范

2. Be an Example of Green Building Innovation

城市森林中心的目標(biāo)是獲得LEED-NC（新建建筑）鉑金認(rèn)證（這是新建建筑最高級(jí)別的認(rèn)證）。這需要在設(shè)計(jì)的各個(gè)方面考慮許多環(huán)境和能源問題。

Urban Forest Center aims for LEED-NC (New Construction) certification at Platinum level (which is the highest level). This entails many environmental and energy consideration in various aspects of design.

與LEED-NC鉑金級(jí)相關(guān)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)考慮如下：使用可回收性高的材料，這些材料不僅是本地生產(chǎn)，而且從原材料轉(zhuǎn)化為建筑材料所耗能源較少，例如夯土、土磚和竹子。采用高耐熱性夯土，屋頂花園隔熱，全程采用降熱玻璃窗，最大限度地降低建筑能耗。

The architectural consideration pertaining to LEED-NC Platinum Level is as follow: Using high recyclable materials that are not only produce locally but also involve very little energy to transform from raw materials to construction material such as rammed earth, earth blocks and bamboo. Minimize the building energy consumption by using rammed earth with high heat resistant value, using roof garden as heat insulation and using heat reduction glazing throughout.