英文目錄與摘要

JPAJournal of Public Administration， Vol.13 No.2， 2020

Introduction: The Development, Innovation and Theoretical Interpretation of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area

Zhilan Li & Lin Ye

●SYMPOSIUM：TheInstitutionalInnovationandCooperationDevelopmentofGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreatBayArea

National Strategy Embedded in Local Development: An Interpretation of Competitive Intergovernmental Cooperation

Hong Wen & Bin Lin

AbstractThe Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area (GBA) is a national strategy meant to aid the development ofChina’s economy and societyand to make it more competitive. But，as in the past when the relationships between central and local governments were relaxed， there are no institutional rules governing the relationships between local governments. Competition among them has made coordination and cooperation more of a formality. This paper holds that， with the upgrading of policy levels， a new mode of “national strategic embeddedness” has been formed.In this paper， a two-dimensional framework is used to describe the interaction between the central and local governments and the degree of central government involvement. From a theoretical perspective， (1)the compulsory constraints which rely on administrative authority， institutional rules， and legal norms， have been formed through the macro guidance that allowed for platform building， interest coordination， and policy incentives; (2) Embeddedness is the relationship pattern of the interactions between local， independent explorations and top-level designs; and，(3) Local cooperation has become a mixture of“Independent competition / try local policies first / National strategy / Implementation plan”.

KeyWordsNational Strategy; Embedding; Intergovernmental Cooperation; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area

Institutional Differentiation and Change: The Reform of the Greater Bay Area under Interactions of Divergent Institutions

Zhilan Li， Man Luo & Shen Yang

AbstractHow can the Greater Bay Area contribute to deepening comprehensive reforms？ What impact do the institutional differences between Guangdong， Hong Kong， and Macao have in the reform mechanism？ These critical issues are remain unanswered. Based on an “institutional differentiation - tension-institutional innovation” framework proposed on the basis of institutionalism theory， this study examines the institutional reform of construction project management in Qianhai to identify how institutional differences between the mainland and Hong Kong systems propelled changes to the system and practices in Qianhai and beyond. As a free trade zone in Shenzhen and a pilot area for Shenzhen-Hong Kong collaboration， the Qianhai District is an experimental zone for institutional innovations. This article first summarizes the dominant logics reflected in construction project management institutions in the mainland and Hong Kong systems and then analyses the actors’ behaviors and interactions during the reform process. It was found that the different practicesof therelevant institutions generated tensions and conflicts， which leadto institutional reforms. This article suggests that the constitutional principle of “One Country， Two Systems” sustains divergent institutional logics between the mainland and Hong Kong systems.The tensions among sets of institutional logics drive institutional reforms by stimulating the actors’ agency in reflecting on existing institutions， envisioning alternative institutions， and mobilizing resources to implement reforms. The contradictions and competition between the two systems have instilled tension which can be a source of innovations to drive institutional reforms and social change in the Greater Bay Area.

KeyWordsInstitutional Differentiation; Institutional Innovation; Reform; “One Country， Two Systems”; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area

Regional Collaborative Governance Organizations in Three World-Class Bay Areas: Model Classification and Comparative Analysis

Aiping Yang & Zhenqun Lin

AbstractRegional collaborative governance organization is an indispensable force for solving regional public problems and assisting the government in governing regional affairs. In the process of development， the three world-class bay areas have gradually generated various regional collaborative governance organizations with diverse types and functions. According to the two classification dimensions of “similarity” and “dependency”， the regional collaborative governance organizations in the three bay areascan be divided into different categories. They are: official agency， semi-official agency， special district， association， and chamber of commerce. By comparing and analyzing the representative organizations of the five models， summing up their advantages， disadvantages， commonalities， differences， and applicability is the basis for finding inspiration for the construction of regional collaborative governance organizations in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The Tokyo Bay Area established and improved official and semi-official regional collaborative governance organizationsby making them highly similar and dependent on each other. The bay areas of San Francisco and New York created some regional collaborative governance associations with lower similarities but higher dependencies. Regional collaborative governance can also be achieved through chamber of commerce networks. In the end， a regional collaborative governance system in the Greater Bay Area with the government at the core and multiple participantscan be formed.

KeyWordsThree World-Class Bay Areas; Regional Collaborative Governance Organization; The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; Trans-Border Governance

Collaborative Governance between Hong Kong and the Mainland: A Comparative Case Study on the Three Forms of Cross-Border Governance

Chenlin Zhao & Jingyuan Xu

AbstractThe theory of collaborative governance and its related practices have been widely discussed in public administration. The existing literatures have mainly explored the collaboration with similar (or identical) institutional backgrounds and very few studies have talked about collaborationsin different institutional settings. This study departs from the comprehensive collaborative governance regime developed by Emerson et al. (2012) and explores the possible correlation between institutional factors and collaborative action. Based on the three selected cases of the Hong Kong - Zhuhai - Macao Bridge， the Dongshen Water Supply Project， and the Pearl River Delta Air Pollution Control Project， this study analyzes the effects and impacts of institutional factors by classifying them into formal and informal procedures. Study findings suggest that the relational dynamic of informal procedures significantly impacted the processes and outputs of collaborative action. This impact reduced both the efficiency of the collaborative actions and the output of the entire collaborative network. The purpose of this paper is to advise policymakers and the governmental institutions in the Greater Bay Area about their strengths and weaknesses. This is meant to help the existing network of collaborative governance to effectively implement efficient output.

KeyWordsCollaborative Governance; Capacity Building Theory; Institutional Design; “One Country， Two Systems”; Greater Bay Area

Research on Shrinking City Identification Based on Unsupervised Learning Method—A Case Study of 9 Prefecture-Level Cities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Zixuan Han， Kangjun Peng， Jianing Mi & Xiang Chen

AbstractIn today’s world of urban expansion， some cities are actually shrinking.This phenomenon which is both global and local， complex and multi-dimensional， has attracted widespread attention from academic circles and society. This study takes nine prefecture-level cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao as an example.Using the four dimensions of economy， population， spatial geography， and administration， the statistical panel data and light remote sensing data DMSP of each city for the period 2008-2017 were collected. This established an identification system consisting of 44 indicators of potential reaction-shrinking urban characteristics. On this basis， the k-means clustering algorithm was used for unsupervised learning and factor analysis in quantitative methods to classify urban categories， and qualitatively analyzed the reasons for the formation of the contracted cities. The results show that according to the urban comprehensive identification system constructed by this paper， Zhaoqing， Jiangmen and Huizhou are “population loss-type contraction” cities. This means they hadrelatively low urban expansion， urbanization levels， and industrial employment. In addition， Shenzhen was classified as an “all-round expansion” city， Guangzhou was classified as a“space-stable expansion”city， Zhuhai， Zhongshan， Foshan， and Dongguan were classified as “stable” cities. Furthermore， the limitations of natural resources， the lack of regional policy guidance， the lack of infrastructure， and the age of the population were the causes for shrinking cities in the region.

KeyWordsShrinking City; Unsupervised Learning Method; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area; Population Loss

●SYMPOSIUM:ThePolicyInnovationandCross-BorderCoordinationinGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreatBayArea

Establishment and Improvement of Coordination System of Cross-regional Infrastructure in Guangdong， Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area

Junru Liu & Yanhua Mao

AbstractAmong others factors， the construction， maintenance， and governance of cross-regional infrastructure are important parts of regional governance. However， they are subject to collective action problems.To tackle them， coordination institutionsare needed to manage the multiple governing authorities， various project operators， and interest groups. The EU and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao-Greater-Bay-Area have each developed coordination institutions with their own characteristics to govern cross-regional infrastructure. To improve its current practices， the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao-Greater-Bay-Area could borrow experiences from the EU to enhance the rule of law in regional governance， to give regional public interests a greater role to play， and to extend the scope of participants in regional governance by innovating new ways of public participation.

KeyWordsRegional Governance; Cross-regional Infrastructure; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area; EU

Research on Universities’ Roles and Collaborative Governance in the Development of Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Changqing Xu & Yumei Huang

AbstractIn the context of the national development strategy of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao-Greater-Bay-Area(GHM-GBA)， the integration and development of higher education in the Greater Bay Area has attracted the attention of managers and researchers. The research group collected first-hand data from GHM-GBA in China， the New York Bay and the Boston Bay areas in the U.S.， and the Tokyo Bay Area in Japan. Based on the collaborative governance theory and the grounded theory coding method， this study proposed a framework to examinethe roles that universities will likely play in the GHM-GBA higher education collaborative governance network. Universities will have five roles: leading core values， talent training， knowledge creation， technology transformation， and institutional entrepreneurship. In order to adapt to the GHM-GBA’s specific situation， and realize the main roles of active governance of the universities， multi-agent collaborative governance is required. The path of collaborative governance can be achieved as follows: collaboration between universities and governments， universities and markets， universities and society， and university internal governance.

KeyWordsGHM-GBA; Higher Education; Integrated Development; Collaborative Governance; Universities’ Roles

Bribery Propensities and Integrity Governance in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: A Comparative Study of City A and Hong Kong

Hanyu Xiao， Ting Gong & Jie Lao

AbstractSocial diversity across the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Greater Bay Area) provides challenges and opportunities for inter-governmental collaboration in corruption prevention. Under different social contexts， people have different perceptions of corruption， some of which are manifested through propensities for bribery. A better understanding of the impact of the social context of bribery propensities is important not only for making effective anti-corruption policies， but also for enhancing cross-regional communications and collaboration. How do people’s bribery propensities vary under different social contexts？ What social factors cause the variation？ What theoretical and practical implications does a comparative analysis of bribery propensities have for collaborative governance？ New institutionalist theory offers a good perspective for addressing these questions. Empirical results from two similar surveys conducted in Hong Kong and in City A of the Greater Bay Area provide strong evidence to show the impact of social contexts on bribery intentions. They indicate that， driven by institutional and societal factors， the propensity to bribe changes under different social conditions. As interactions between Hong Kong and mainland cities continue to rise while social environments remain different， preventing cross-regional corruption poses a challenge to collaborative governance in the Greater Bay Area.

KeyWordsBribery Propensity; Integrity Governance; New Institutionalist Theory; Gongdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Identity and Interdependence: Cooperative Governance in the Cross-Border Public Services in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area—Based on the Analysis of Shenzhen Hospital of Hong Kong University

Diwen Xiao， Liao Liao & Lin Wang

AbstractProvidingcross-border public services is a overnance challenge that needs to overcome obstacles such as institutional differences and cultural misunderstandings. The existing research literature either focuses on cross-border public services between developed countries or cross-regional practices within sovereign countries.Few “government-society” cooperative projects between cross-border or cross-system public serviceshave been examined. This study took the Shenzhen University of Hong Kong University as a case study， and demonstrates that cooperation and interaction between actors in the provision of cross-border medical services under the context of “one country， two systems”. This paper explores the basis of “government-society” cooperation and the mechanism for supporting stable and sustainable cooperation governance. This study shows that identity recognition by all actors is the conceptual basis for cooperation， and the formation of a symbiotic and interdependent relationship based on interests is the catalyst for cross-border medical cooperation. In addition， the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) plays an intermediate role between professional forces and local governments. The CCP also promotes long-term cooperation by providing development consulting and operational supervision. This study both broadens the perspective of cross-border public service research and helps to provide better understanding of China’s local politics.

KeyWordsPublic Services; Cross-Border Cooperation; One Country Identity; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area; HKU Shenzhen Hospital

Intergroup Interaction and Coordinated Development of Regional Culture: A Case Study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Lei Li， Huimin Ke & Shaojun Ma

AbstractCultural integration is an important feature of coordinated regional development. The lack integration of a region’s culture is a realistic obstacle to achievingthe sustainable development of urban agglomerations. Taking cultural integration as its starting point， this study used both the institutional analysis and development framework and the social network analysis method.By combining the collective action cases of cultural exchange and cooperation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area， this paperdescribes and analyzes the intergroup interactions and operative mechanisms of cultural integration in the Bay Area. Study results show that strong inter-organizational cooperation promoted cultural integration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area while weak organizations relied more on strong organizations to conduct intergroup interactions between the regional cultures. Guangdong Province actively promoted the cultural integration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.And Hong Kong and Macao extensively participated in the intergroup interaction of cultural exchanges and cooperation. The intergroup cultural integrations depended on the internal structures of the relevant activities and external factors. Corresponding cultural interactive fields were formed among social actors， thus displaying multiple games and strategic interactive behaviors at each specific action stage. Finally， this paper suggests actions for achievingdeepercultural integration of the region.

KeyWordsRegional Culture; Cultural Integration; Intergroup Interaction; Operating Mechanism; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

The Mechanism of the Mainland Developing Policy Effect of for the Hong Kong Youth in the Context and Integrated Development Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area : An Empirical Study Based on HKPSSD Data

Chengzhe Fu， Jixing Zhang & Weidong Huo

Abstracts An important goal of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area policy system is to encourage young people in Hong Kong and Macao to “go north”and integrate into the overall development of the country. Since the return of Hong Kong and Macao， more than 100 policies have been launched to encourage the youth of Hong Kong and Macao to return to the mainland. The national identity of Hong Kong’s young people has been an important consideration for the mainland’s policy to developcross-border youth culture in the Greater Bay Area.This study used tracking survey data of Hong Kong social dynamics to evaluate the effect of the national identity of Hong Kong youth by investigating its mechanism at the psychological level. It was found that frequent trips to the mainland had a positive effect on youth national identity， and psychological integration played a full intermediary role in this process. Even after a robustness test of the mechanism by propensity score matching， its mediating effect of psychological integration was still rising. This research reveals that the existing mainland development policy has achieved positive effects， and psychological integration plays a key role in the efficiency of transformation. Under the strategic goal and the institutional framework of “integrated development” of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area， psychological integration will be a significant handgrip for young people in Hong Kong and Macao to transform their experience of the mainland as they develop their national identity.

KeyWordsGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; Mainland Developing Policy;National Identity; Psychological Integration;Hong Kong’s Youth