Journal of Economics of Water Resources

DrivingfactorsforvirtualwatertradeofagriculturalproductsbetweenChinaandcountriesalong“BeltandRoad”/SUN Caizhi1,2, WANG Zhonghui2(1.Marine Economics and Sustainable Development Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; 2.School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China)

Abstract: Based on the theory of virtual water trade, the status of the virtual water trade of agricultural product between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” during the period from 2007 to 2016 is analyzed. The relevant influencing factors are analyzed by using the extended gravity model. The results show that from 2007 to 2016, the virtual water volume of agricultural products trade between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” is a deficit, and the average annual net import volume is 11.789 billion m3. Among the influencing factors for the virtual water trade of agricultural products between China and the countries along “Belt and Road”, the most significant positive driving factors are infrastructure construction, exchange rate level, entry to WTO and regional integration process, and the most important reverse ones are geographic distance and tariff level. China has the positive advantages of agricultural labor.

Keywords: virtual water trade; agricultural product; driving factor; China; countries along “Belt and Road”

Thresholdeffectsofindustrialwastewaterdischargefromtheperspectiveoftechnologicalprogress:Anempiricaltestbasedonprovincialpaneldata/SHEN Xiaomei1, HU Kaili2, SHEN Qian3, ZHENG Shaoxuan4(1.College of Economics and Management, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; 2.School of Business Administration, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China; 3.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 4.Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China)

Abstract: Based on the provincial panel data of the mainland China from 2000 to 2015, a threshold model is established to explore the relationship among industrial structure, technological progress and industrial wastewater discharge. The results show that: The influences of characteristics of the industrial structure on the industrial wastewater discharge are restricted by the double threshold effects of the technological progress, and when the technological progress is higher than the second threshold, the increase of the industrial economic proportion is no longer dependent on a greater increase in the industrial wastewater discharge. As a threshold variable, the technological progress in different regions of China has significant differences. The technological progress in the eastern, central and western regions has a decrease trend. The other influencing factors such as population size, output level and opening degree all play significant positive roles in promoting the industrial wastewater discharge, while the technological progress inhibits the industrial wastewater discharge. On this basis, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward so as to reduce the level of regional industrial wastewater discharge and realize the goal of green development of industrial economy: improving the scientific and technological innovation system, increasing the investment in scientific and technological research and development, and constructing the compensation mechanism of trans-regional ecological technology.

Keywords: industrial structure; technological progress; industrial wastewater; threshold effect

Subjectandfunctionofbalancesheetcompilationofwaterresources/WU fang1, CAO Qiudi1, SHEN Juqin2,3, SUN Fuhua2,3, ZHANG Dandan2,3, JIA Yizhen2,3(1.Jiangsu Taihu Planning and Design Institute of Water Resources Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215128, China; 2.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 3.Institute of Environmental Accounting and Assets Management, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: From the demand of balance sheet compilation and asset management of water resources, the limitation of the current balance sheet compilation of water resources is discussed by regarding the regions as the subject. On this basis, according to the water administrative system in China, from the three levels of state (water conservancy project management departments, rivers and river basins), regions and enterprises, the multiple subjects of balance sheet compilation of water resources are studied. The roles of different subjects in compiling balance sheet of water resources are analyzed from the aspects of reflecting the development and management objectives of water resource assets, revealing the relationship between supply and demand of water resource assets, improving the level of water resource assets, and making decision of regional future industrial planning and development. This study is conducive to further promoting the preparation of the balance sheet of water resources, meeting the needs of improving the management level of water resource assets, improving the national economic accounting system, introducing the outgoing audit of natural resource assets of leading cadres and ecological civilization construction.

Keywords: water resource balance sheet; compilation subject; asset management of water resources

Balancesheetcompilationofwaterresourcesbasedonwatershedmanagement:ExampleofTaihuLakeBasin/TANG YongJun, Zhang Lulu (Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: The water resources are the important natural resources to maintain human life and social development. The balance sheet of water resources is an important component of the balance sheet of the natural resources. The compilation of the balance sheet of water resources is conducive to timely grasping the dynamic change of occupancy, use, consumption, recovery and value-added of water resource assets in economic and social development. A framework for accounting the balance sheet of water resources is established based on the concepts of assets and liabilities of water resources. It is of great significance to the compilation of balance sheet of water resources in a watershed.

Keywords: water resource asset; water resource management; balance sheet; watershed management

EvaluationofapplicationbenefitsofBIMinhydraulicengineeringbasedonSEMandcloudmatter-element/ZHANG Yunning, SHI Luyan, QIN Tao, SONG Liangliang (Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: In order to explore its application benefits, an evaluation index system for the application benefit of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established from the perspectives of economy, resources and energy, technology and management on the basis of literature reading. Firstly, using the SEM idea, a questionnaire survey is used to conduct the confirmatory factor analysis of the evaluation system, and thus the index weights are obtained accordingly. Secondly, an evaluation model for the application benefits of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established by using the cloud matter-element theory. Finally, a case study of a water conservancy project in Guangxi Province is carried out. The results show that the level of application benefits of BIM is Grade 3 with good benefits. Accordingly, the relevant suggestions are put forward to promote the further development of BIM in hydraulic engineering.

Keywords: hydraulic engineering; BIM; benefit evaluation; cloud matter-element; SEM

Factorsinfluencingwaterconsumptionintheprocessofurbanization/ZHANG Hengquan1, GAO Yuan1, ZHANG Chenjun2(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.School of Business Administration, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China)

Abstract: Based on the LMDI method of aggregate of the sum of polynomial multiplication and vector form, the decomposition framework of population-residential consumption-water intensity in the process of urbanization is established, and the factors influencing the water consumption from 2003 to 2016 are analyzed. The research shows that expansion and urbanization of population positively promote the growth of water consumption, and the effect of the former is stronger than that of the latter. The improvement of residents’ consumption level is the absolute leading factor driving the growth of water consumption. The optimization and upgrading of residential consumption structure and the increase of residential consumption rate can effectively suppress the consumption of water resources, and the effect of the former is more significant. The decline in water consumption is mainly due to the advancement of industrial technology. The growth of households’ water consumption mainly comes from the effect of water intensity of life. It is further pointed out that we should reasonably control the size and movement of population, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of residents’ consumption structure, focus on strengthening the innovation of industrial technology, deepen the potential of agricultural water-saving efficiency, and enhance residential consumption rate to achieve relative water saving under the given economic scale.

Keywords: urbanization; water consumption; population; residential consumption; water intensity; LMDI

Influencesofinvestmentinfarmlandwaterconservancyontotalfactorproductivityofagriculturebasedonspatialeffects/SONG Min, LI Mingxian, ZHANG Fengze (Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: Based on the establishment of trans-logarithmic production function of agriculture which includes investment in farmland water conservancy, the stochastic frontier approach is used to calculate the total factor productivity of agriculture in 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of China from 1996 to 2015. The spatial characteristics of the total factor productivity of agriculture and the influences of investment in farmland water conservancy are analyzed. The results show that the growth of the total factor productivity in China generally has an increasing trend. The horizontal and vertical analyses shows that the growth has regional property and regional agglomeration. The influences of investment in farmland water conservancy infrastructure on the total factor productivity of agriculture are positive, and they have weak spillover effect. Among them, the direct, indirect and total effects are 0.2865, 0.0574 and 0.3439, respectively.

Keywords: investment in farmland water conservancy; total factor productivity of agriculture; stochastic frontier approach; aggregation; spatial effect

Stakeholderanalysisofcomprehensivereformofagriculturalwaterprice/JIANG Xiangcheng, XIE Xiaoshuang, SUN Jie (Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: By analyzing the process of agricultural water price reform in China, the stakeholders involved in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price are divided into four categories of influencers, bearers, implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy facilities based on the stakeholder theory. Their powers and interests are analyzed to clarify the intrinsic relationship among the stakeholders in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price. It is pug forward that the influencers of agricultural water price will help to improve the bearers’ cooperation by improving the reform environment. The cooperation between them will help to optimize the interests of both parties. The operational efficiency of implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy has an important regulatory effect on the interests of influencers and bearers of agricultural water price, but the operational efficiency requires a certain amount of financial support. Finally, some reasonable suggestions for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price in China are given.

Keywords: agricultural water price; comprehensive reform; stakeholder; game theory

EvaluationofagriculturalwateruseefficiencybasedonSBM-DEAmodelwithdoublefrontiers/ZHAO Min1,2,3, LIU Shan1,2,3(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Water Resources and Sustainable Development Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211100, China; 3.Synchronous Innovation Center of Jiangsu Coastal Development and Protection, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: Based on the SBM-DEA model with effective efficiency frontier (optimistic) and inefficiency frontier (pessimistic), the agricultural water use efficiency of China’s 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) from 2003 to 2017 is evaluated, and the Tobit model is used to analyze its influencing factors. The results show that the optimistic efficiency of China’s agricultural water use has a small increase trend, and the pessimistic efficiency exhibits a decrease-increase-decrease-increase trend. The overall efficiency is not high. The difference in water use efficiency between different agricultural water zones is small. The high agricultural water use area has the highest agricultural water use efficiency, the middle agricultural water use area has the middle agricultural water use efficiency, and the low agricultural water use area has the lowest agricultural water use efficiency. The proportion of the value added of the primary industry in the regional GDP, the water-saving irrigation technology and the total storage capacity of reservoirs significantly positively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency. While the endowment of water resources and regional education level significantly negatively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency.

Keywords: double-frontier; SBM-DEA model; agricultural water use efficiency; Tobit model

Evaluationofcarryingcapacitiesandobstaclesofindustrialtransferandreceivingregionsofwaterenvironment/YUAN Ruhua1,2, MA Chengnan1,2, CHEN Jianming1,2(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Institute of Water Conservancy Economics, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: Taking Suzhou City and Suqian City as examples, the dynamic changes and obstacles of the carrying capacity of the transfer and receiving regions of water environment during the industrial transfer process are discussed based on the TOPSIS method of Vague sets so as to provide theoretical guidance. The study shows that with the advancement of industrial transfer, the carrying capacities of water environment in Suzhou City and Suqian City have an increasing trend and have achieved a win-win relationship. Although the overall carrying capacity of water environment in Suzhou Sity is higher than that of Suqian City, the increase rate is significantly smaller. In terms of the obstacles, the main obstacles in Suzhou City are concentrated in the resource subsystem and environmental subsystem, while those in Suqian City are concentrated in the economic subsystem and resource subsystem, which need to be optimized and improved.

Keywords: Vague set; TOPSIS method; industrial transfer region; industrial receiving region; carrying capacity of water environment; obstacle analysis

ProblemsandpathsofwaterenvironmentgovernanceofYangtzeRiverandHuaiheRiver(Jianghuai)EcologicalCorridorunderscientificandtechnologicalsupport/WU Zhaodan1,2,3, HUA Yu1, WU Yizhuo1, ZHANG Yi1(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of World Water Valley and Water Ecological Civilization, Nanjing 211100, China; 3.Center of Africa Studies with One Belt One Road, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China)

Abstract: Water environment governance is an important part of establishing Yangtze River and Huaihe River (Jianghuai) Ecological Corridor. Through field investigations, the current situations and existing problems in the supporting role of science and technology to the water environment governance of Jianghuai Ecological Corridor are analyzed, and the paths to lift the support are discussed. Some suggestions are put forward to strengthen the support of technology to the water environmental governance in the Corridor: actively promoting the progress of key projects and enhancing investment, improving the administration and scientific research institutions and increasing personnel input, strengthening the innovation of technology and platform construction, promoting the exchanges and cooperation as well as the technology training, strengthening information construction and enhancing the system construction, etc. The results may provide reference for the water environment governance practice of Jianghuai Ecological Corridor.

Keywords: water environment governance; scientific and technological support; Yangtze River and Huaihe River Ecological Corridor; path; system construction

InfluencesoftransitwateroncarryingcapacityofwaterresourcesinNanjingCity/LI Bing1, DONG Zengchuan1, WANG Congcong2, BAO Qingyu3, FENG Shengnan2, JI Xiaomin2(1.College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; 2.Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing 210029, China; 3.Nanjing Branch of Jiangsu Hydrological and Water Resources Survey Bureau, Nanjing 210000, China)

Abstract: The transit water resources are the important source of water for social and economic development in the areas along the Yangtze River. The quantitative determination of the influences of transit water resources on the carrying capacity of water resources in the areas along the Yangtze River provides a basis for formulating the utilization policies of their water resources, and it plays an important role in guaranteeing the stable and satisfactory development of their society and economy. A model for calculating the carrying capacity of water resources based on water consumption is established. The carrying capacities of water resources in Nanjing City considering transit water resources in 2015 and 2030 as well as those based on the local water resources are calculated, respectively. The influences of transit water resources on the carrying capacity of water resources in Nanjing City are also analyzed. The results show that under the increasing demand of social development, the influences of the current transit water resources on the carrying capacity of water resources in Nanjing City in 2015 are 0.51. However, with the development of society and economy, the influences of the transit water resources on the carrying capacity of water resources in Nanjing City will increase to 0.59 in 2030.

Keywords: transit water; carrying capacity of water resources; local water; influence; Nanjing City

Discussiononplanningofrecreationspaceofurbanwaterfrontbasedonconceptof“Sixinone”/LI Yue, XU Hui, XIE Peilin (College of Hydrology and Water Resource, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China)

Abstract: The urban waterfront space is the main public place, landscape recreation space and ecological protection space of the city. With the development of economy and society and the improvement of people’s demand level, it is more and more important to give full play to the recreational function of the urban waterfront space and to create the waterfront recreational space. Based on the discussion on the concept and research progress of the urban waterfront recreation space, the relationship between the comprehensive water treatment concept of water resources, water safety, water environment, water ecology, water culture and water economy (Six in one) and the planning of the urban waterfront recreation space is analyzed from viewpoint of water and land coordination according to the multi-disciplinary theory, the idea and key points of planning of the urban waterfront recreation space based on the concept of “Six in one” is discussed, and the case study of urban section of Tanglang River in Yiyuan County is given.

Keywords: concept of “Six in one”; urban waterfront; recreation space; water landscape; water culture