克里斯·馬克學(xué)生公寓，巴黎，法國(guó)

（王單單 譯）

1 外立面/Fa?ade（攝影/Photo: Filip Dujardin）

克里斯·馬克學(xué)生公寓為大學(xué)宿舍定義了一個(gè)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——它極大地?cái)U(kuò)展了用于社交互動(dòng)的集體空間，從而將其轉(zhuǎn)化為一種社會(huì)電容器。因?yàn)樯钚趴臻g形式的力量，所以每一樓層均設(shè)有公共區(qū)，讓這種擴(kuò)展事半功倍：無論學(xué)生住在哪一層，都可以就近找到公共區(qū)。這些區(qū)域形成了一個(gè)從下到上貫穿整座建筑的對(duì)角空間串聯(lián)，將林蔭大道上的城市活力一直帶到最頂層。這條對(duì)角線從大量的個(gè)人公寓中雕刻而出，以改善個(gè)體和集體之間的辯證關(guān)系。所有這些集體空間均由一架沿主立面運(yùn)行的斜手扶梯相互連接。

一半的公共區(qū)域（400m2）為內(nèi)部休息室，另一半則是與內(nèi)部相連的室外露臺(tái)。

整棟建筑猶如一座微型城市：過道和走廊是其街道，公寓是其房屋，內(nèi)部公共區(qū)域是其公共建筑，室外露臺(tái)是其公共廣場(chǎng)，而斜坡電梯則是公共交通系統(tǒng)。

這座建筑坐落在我們?yōu)榘屠?條公交線路建造的一棟多層停車場(chǎng)及修車廠內(nèi)。這樣一來，工業(yè)設(shè)施便融入進(jìn)城市肌理中，也成為建造公共住房的名由。

克里斯馬克公寓是由混凝土現(xiàn)場(chǎng)澆鑄而成，即沒有孔洞也沒有伸縮接頭，使建筑自然而然地契合了巴黎傳統(tǒng)的石砌建筑?！?/p>

（王單單 譯）

2 外景/Exterior view（攝影/Photo: Filip Dujardin）

The Chris Marker student residence defines a new standard for university housing by dramatically expanding collective spaces devoted to social interactions, thus transforming it into a kind of social condenser. Trusting in the power found in the formal organisation of space, common areas are located on each level to improve the efficiency of this expansion: whatever level the student lives one, he has a common area close by. These areas create a diagonal cascade of space running through the whole building from bottom to top to bring the urban energy of the boulevard below all the way to the last floor. This diagonal is carved out of the mass of individual apartments to improve upon the dialectical relationship between intimacy and collectivity. All these collective spaces are linked one to the other by an oblique elevator running along the main fa?ade.

Half (400m2) of the common areas are inner lounges, and half are outside patios linked to the inside.

The whole building functions as a condensed city: passageways and corridors are its streets, apartments its houses, inner common areas public buildings, outside patios public squares, and the oblique lift its public transportation system.

The whole building is settled within a superimposed parking and repair garage that we built for eight lines of Parisian public transport buses. In this way, industrial amenities are absorbed into the urban fabric and also serve as a pretext for the construction of public housing.

The Chris Marker residence is made of concrete cast on site. No holes for the forms and no expansion joints make the building fit naturally into the Parisian tradition of building with stone.□

3 分解軸測(cè)/Exploded axonometric drawing

4 平面是城市的隱喻：室內(nèi)/室外走廊是街道，學(xué)生住宅是住 宅，公共空間是公共建筑，庭院是公共場(chǎng)所/Floor plan as a metaphor of a city: Indoor/Outdoor corridors are street, student housings are homes, common spaces are public buildings and patios are public places

5 橫剖面：可以同時(shí)看見公交車庫(kù)、辦公室和學(xué)生宿舍/ Cross section: Bus warehouse, offices and students housings are superimposed

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: éric Lapierre Experience項(xiàng)目管理/Project Management: RATP (巴士中心/Bus centre), Logis-Transports (大學(xué)公寓/University residence), SEDP (委托項(xiàng)目管理/Delegated project management), CROUS (大學(xué)住所經(jīng)理/Manager of the university residence)

車輛工程/Bus Engineering Research: ALTO結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineering: BATISERF經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)/Economist: FORGUE大學(xué)環(huán)境與技術(shù)研究/Environment and Technology Research of University: INEX

聲學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)/Acoustics: PEUTZ

供熱系統(tǒng)/功能系統(tǒng)/Heating System/Power Supply: Paris heating company

基底面積/Built Area: 6545m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 7170.1m2(RATP), 9655.4m2(大學(xué)公寓/University residence), 16,825.5m2(總計(jì)/Total)

建筑體量/Building Volume: 118,901.67m3

贏得建筑競(jìng)賽時(shí)間/Winner of Architecture Competition Time: 2007.06

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2007.10

合作顧問時(shí)間/Corporate Consulting Time: 2013.06

施工開始時(shí)間/Construction Start Time: 2015.01

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)驗(yàn)收時(shí)間/Site Acceptance Time: 2017.12

造價(jià)/Cost: RATP 20,016,522.51歐元，大學(xué)公寓19,748,608.66歐元，總計(jì)39,765,131.17歐元/RATP 20,016,522.51 EUR, university residence 19,748,608.66 EUR, total: 39,765,131.17 EUR

認(rèn)證/Label: H&E-THPE (Habitat & Environnement-Très Haute Performance énergétique)

攝影/Photos: Filip Dujardin

6-9 外景/Exterior views（6-9攝影/Photos: Filip Dujardin）

10 中庭/Atrium

11 室外樓梯/External stairs

評(píng)論

藍(lán)冰可：這個(gè)位于巴黎的學(xué)生公寓項(xiàng)目充分回應(yīng)了當(dāng)今學(xué)生對(duì)于交流與互動(dòng)的需求，在每一層均設(shè)置了一個(gè)公共活動(dòng)空間，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生之間的活躍交往。整棟建筑建立在一個(gè)200車位的公交停車站上方，設(shè)計(jì)同時(shí)還需兼顧功能與結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性。斜向延伸疊加的公共空間成為項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)顯著設(shè)計(jì)亮點(diǎn)，打破傳統(tǒng)住宅建筑的單一重復(fù)性立面，同時(shí)也為學(xué)生生活與城市之間建立展示與互動(dòng)的橋梁。

張利：對(duì)城市公共性的創(chuàng)造而言，居住建筑是比較難的建筑類型，學(xué)生公寓是其中更難的。受到造價(jià)、租金、效率及使用人群習(xí)性等多方面的影響，學(xué)生公寓一般是矗立在城市公共空間之中的飛地，除地面景觀與入口門廳外難以形成很好的公共性。

拉皮埃爾的設(shè)計(jì)在此直白得像一句標(biāo)語：我們可以且必須在學(xué)生公寓中創(chuàng)造公共性。立面上的對(duì)角線空中街道是強(qiáng)烈的、也是唯一的設(shè)計(jì)干預(yù)，這個(gè)如同把巴塞羅那的城市總圖豎起來一樣的設(shè)計(jì)幾乎是強(qiáng)制性地打破了公寓各樓層間的阻隔，以每層犧牲些許居住單元的方法換取了難得的貫穿在整個(gè)公寓內(nèi)的公共空間。雖然受到投資等條件的局限，這一空間的最終實(shí)現(xiàn)在細(xì)節(jié)上頗有可商榷之處，但這句說到做到的建筑標(biāo)語還是給與建筑以相當(dāng)積極的城市性格。

Comments

Binke Lenhardt: The Chris Marker student residence in Paris acknowledges the needs of todays' students in offering common areas on each floor of this multistory building, enhancing public interaction and exchange between the inhabitants. The living quarters are built on top of a parking lot of 200 buses, which adds to the functional complexity. The diagonally stacked public areas stand out as a special feature of this project, serving as both a social life display that interacts with the city as well as dynamic element that breaks down the traditionally repetitive fa?ade of communal housing.Z

HANG Li: When it comes to the provision urban public space, residential buildings are notoriously incapable. Within this incapable genre, student residences are at the even shallower end. Given the limitations of cost, rent, GFA efficiency and the antisocial nature of their inhabitants, there is not much left for architects to do in student dorms except for a few treatments in the lobby or in the surrounding landscape.

Here, Chris Marker Student Residence is as straight forward as a campaign slogan: we can and we must (provide urban public space in a student residence). The diagonal street in the fa?ade is the only powerful intervention in the design. It is almost a vertical projection of the Diagonal in Barcelona, forcefully breaking the boundaries between different floors. On each floor a few units are sacrificed to give way to the continuity of the diagonal. Although the details of the spaces along the diagonal is perhaps disputable due to the limitations of cost, the idea itself is definitely plausible. It has certainly given the dorm an unexpected urban quality.

12 內(nèi)景/Interior view（攝影/Photo: Filip Dujardin）