傳動(dòng)組公寓，約翰內(nèi)斯堡，南非

（王單單 譯）

（潘奕 譯）

1 外景/Exterior view（攝影/Photo: Dave Southwood）

傳動(dòng)組公寓是南非約翰內(nèi)斯堡的一座住宅樓。該項(xiàng)目坐落在剛剛經(jīng)歷了城市復(fù)興與改造的馬博能區(qū)，這座住宅樓是對(duì)后種族隔離時(shí)期一代人愿望的回應(yīng)——通過(guò)新的城市生活模式，讓人們重新搬回市中心居住。

為了契合三角形狀的地形，該建筑被設(shè)想成一塊廣告牌——兩棟獨(dú)立的住宅樓在狹窄的東端鉸接而成，形成了開(kāi)放式內(nèi)部庭院的社交空間。就如廣告牌一般，筆直的大樓外立面與基地線(xiàn)齊平，而內(nèi)部庭院一側(cè)的立面則由樓梯、電梯井和連接各層的橋梁，以及每間單元外的開(kāi)放式室外走廊相連。

模塊化的建筑物由140個(gè)升級(jí)再造的海運(yùn)集裝箱組成。特意按顏色挑選的集裝箱無(wú)需再上漆，同時(shí)也決定了建筑的最終顏色。這些集裝箱在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)被切割疊放，拼成一個(gè)個(gè)單元。大型的對(duì)角切口（從集裝箱的一角至長(zhǎng)邊中心沿對(duì)角線(xiàn)切割）變成了街道與庭院兩側(cè)單元的大開(kāi)窗。這種手法的重復(fù)與鏡像運(yùn)用形成了建筑的立面圖案。

大樓底層沿艾伯蒂娜·西蘇魯路的一側(cè)被用于零售空間，其背面則作為住宅空間，而住戶(hù)的私人庭院里設(shè)有種植區(qū)域與游泳池。上面6層均為住宅公寓，所有開(kāi)放式一室公寓的面積在27.9m2～55.8m2不等。這些公寓均擁有沿庭院面朝走廊的室外空間。

該建筑的社會(huì)含義和議題與其周邊新興的城市社區(qū)相一致，在城市的振興、再活化和重塑中發(fā)揮著積極的作用?！?/p>

（王單單 譯）

Drivelines Studios is a residential building in Johannesburg, South Africa. Located in Maboneng, an area of recent urban transformation and renewal, it responds to the post-apartheid generation's desire to repopulate the city's downtown through new models of urban living.

Embracing the triangular geometry of the site, the building is conceived as a billboard where two separate volumes of residential units are hinged at the narrow east end of the lot, framing the social space of the open interior courtyard. As in a billboard, the building outer fa?ades are straight and flush with the lot line while the fa?ades in the inner courtyard are articulated by the staircases, the elevator tower and the bridges connecting all levels, and by the open circulation paths activated by the units spillover outside.

The building is modular and made of 140 upcycled shipping containers. Containers have been selected by colours to be left unpainted, with availability dictating the ultimate building colour. They were stacked and cut on site, and combined to form the units. A large diagonal cut-out, from the corner to the centre of each container long side, generates the large windows for the units on street and courtyard sides. Its repetition and mirroring generate the building fa?ade pattern.

The ground level is occupied by residential at the rear, retail along the Albertina Sisulu Road, and the private courtyard for the residents with planted areas and a pool. The 6 levels above are occupied by the residential units, all open plan studios varying in size between 27.9m2and 55.8m2. All units include an outdoor space along the courtyard facing walkways.

The building's social intention and agenda is in line with the emerging urban community of its surrounding neighbourhood, taking an active role in the revitaliasation, reactivation and reimagining of the city downtown.□

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: 南非約翰內(nèi)斯堡馬博能區(qū)/Maboneng, Johannesburg, South Africa

委托方/Commission: PROPERTUITY

建筑類(lèi)型/Type: 住宅/Residential

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: LOT-EK, Ada Tolla + Giuseppe Lignano

項(xiàng)目建筑師/Project Architect: Sara Valente

施工圖設(shè)計(jì)/Architect of Record: Anita du Plessis

結(jié)構(gòu)工程師/Structural Engineer: Asakheni + Silman

水暖電/MEP: VBK Engineering Systems + ABBINK Consulting

項(xiàng)目管理/Project Management: SevenBar Consulting

消防/Fire Safety: Drofnets Engineering

市政/Civil: DG Consulting Engineers

施工/Construction: Tri-Star

建筑面積/Floor Area: 6967.7m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2014

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2017

攝影/Photos: Dave Southwood

2 夜景/Exterior view at night

3 外立面/Fa?ade

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

5 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平面/Typical floor plan

6 分解軸測(cè)/Exploded axonometric drawing

7 走廊/Veranda

8.9 內(nèi)景/Interior views

10.11 庭院/Courtyard

評(píng)論

曹嘉明：以廢棄的集裝箱組建成住宅，本身就宣告了綠色、重復(fù)利用廢棄物品再生的理念。規(guī)模如此之大（6層8組），在集裝箱改造為建筑的案例中較為少見(jiàn)。以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的設(shè)計(jì)組合成住宅，在建造時(shí)帶來(lái)一定的便利。巧妙地組合立面，使其既不失于集裝箱建筑的特性，又豐富了形象。與街坊的關(guān)系既協(xié)調(diào)又富有個(gè)性。在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中，彰顯出后工業(yè)遺產(chǎn)改造的特點(diǎn)。

鮑里斯·沙德-賓索：距離正式廢除種族隔離制度已有幾十年了，但白人加諸于當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ锖徒ㄖW(xué)的影響仍然廣泛代表著南非的城市中心的特征。約翰內(nèi)斯堡市中心的Drivelines公寓正把結(jié)束這一切作為他們的事業(yè)。他們的目標(biāo)是以自己原生的建筑風(fēng)格建造一系列經(jīng)濟(jì)適用的公寓，與毗鄰的殖民時(shí)期歷史建筑形成鮮明對(duì)比。同時(shí)，他們還在首層為那些持續(xù)為獨(dú)立而奮斗并需要實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的場(chǎng)所的企業(yè)家們創(chuàng)造了空間。這產(chǎn)生了一種旨在反映當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)需求的嶄新建筑設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格。他們想要傳達(dá)的信息是明確的：這個(gè)城市，尤其是其中心，應(yīng)該再次平等地屬于每個(gè)人。

（潘奕 譯）

12 外景/Exterior view

13 沿街走廊/Veranda along the street

Comments

CAO Jiaming: The idea of reusing redundant shipping containers to construct residential dwelling, in itself is already a manifesto towards green building and urban renewals. The scale of this project however, is a rare example in architectural precedents of shipping containers renewal - across 6 storeys, each has 8 units. The modularity of the shipping containers makes the assembly of the residential apartments more efficient. The fa?ade of the building has been created spontaneously while retaining the nature of shipping containers to express the renewal concept. This project has created a harmonist and unique relationship within the neighbourhood it sits in. The final design of the building is full of character in the field of post industrial heritage redevelopment. (Translated by Jue Chen)

Boris Schade-Bünsow: Decades after the formal abolition of apartheid, South Africa's city centres are still largely characterised by white people in terms of their influence on the local buildings and architecture. Driveline Studios in the heart of Johannesburg are making it their business to put an end to this. Their aim was to create a series of affordable apartments in their own original architectural style that stands in stark contrast to the neighbouring historic buildings from the colonial period. At the same time, they have also created space on the ground floor for entrepreneurs who continue to fight for their independence and need a place in which to do so. This has given rise to a brandnew style of architecture designed to reflect the needs of the local society. The message here is clear: this city, and above all its centre, should belong to everyone equally once again.