新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫的六種結(jié)尾方式

■ 武漢市第三中學(xué) 劉 敏

俗話說：“All is well that ends well.”意為“結(jié)尾好一切都好”，可見文章結(jié)尾非常重要。讀后續(xù)寫的結(jié)尾點往往是閱卷老師的閱讀體驗點，是打分的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。續(xù)寫如果有一個精彩結(jié)尾，既令人印象深刻，值得回味，又大概率會爭取到閱卷老師的高分評判。

筆者通過分析一些續(xù)寫案例，初步總結(jié)出六種常見續(xù)寫結(jié)尾方式，學(xué)生可根據(jù)文章實際需求靈活運用。

一、點題式結(jié)尾

點題式結(jié)尾，是指在續(xù)寫文章結(jié)尾時用一兩句話總結(jié)全文的主旨，升華文章的主題，以起到點明主題，深化文章中心思想的作用。此種結(jié)尾方式是最為常見也最為學(xué)生熟悉的一種，適合于文章主題非常鮮明的內(nèi)容，如通過一個故事來歌頌友愛、善良、團(tuán)結(jié)；或通過一個故事來吸取一個教訓(xùn)，如：誠信、勤勞、尊重等。

例1：2021廣州高三聯(lián)考

Nowwithsomechocolatesinhishand,theboy’s badattitudedisappeared.His face turned red with a surge of guilt welling up inside him.“Sorry,mum,but I...”his voice faded to a whisper.Before he could continue,the mother stopped him.She gave a soft kiss on his forehead and walked out of the room.After the incident,life at home was the same as before.The only change was that the boy never lied again.Whenever he thought of lying,the chocolates would flash before him right away.The wise mother had corrected her son’s mistake,not by blame or punishment,but through rewards.

解析：此續(xù)寫原文是講述一位睿智的母親如何巧妙教育因打碎花瓶而撒謊的兒子，令其轉(zhuǎn)變態(tài)度，改掉說謊毛病的。這是一個親子教育類故事。續(xù)寫結(jié)尾借助作者口吻進(jìn)行文章主旨點題，即親子教育應(yīng)重視賞識教育，正確引導(dǎo)，而不是單純地責(zé)罵或懲罰，主題鮮明，一目了然。

二、首尾呼應(yīng)式結(jié)尾

首尾呼應(yīng)式結(jié)尾是指續(xù)寫文章的結(jié)尾與原文開頭相互呼應(yīng)。這也是一種在續(xù)寫文章中比較常見的收尾方法。這種方式不僅能保證續(xù)寫文章的前后邏輯一致，不偏離主題，而且能喚起讀者心理上的共鳴。該結(jié)尾適合于原文開頭給出了背景交代，或總結(jié)式開頭的情形。結(jié)尾通過回扣原文，形成完美的閉環(huán)，使得文章內(nèi)容更加完整，結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊。

例2：2017.11月浙江卷

Wedrovethroughseveralstatesandsawlotsof greatsightsalongtheway.One day when David and I were enjoying the fantastic views in the setting sun,Mom stopped the car abruptly.Questioned what was the matter,she replied she had forgot to fill the gas in time and it was running out.We instantly shook awake our sleeping dad.Shrugging his shoulders,he went somewhere to fetch the gas,two empty tanks in hand.Meanwhile,we three put up our tent in the nearby field and had an amazing exploration experience.But for my mom’s absent mind,we couldn’t have so many unexpected amusing surprises during the trip.

解析：此續(xù)寫原文是講述一家人驅(qū)車外出野營，一路上因為母親的健忘而發(fā)生的一些軼聞趣事。

I had an interesting childhood.It was filled with surprises and amusements,all because of my motherloving,sweet,and yet absent-minded and forgetful.此處作者給出了背景介紹：自己的快樂童年因為自己可愛又健忘的母親而留有很多趣味的回憶。結(jié)尾處回扣原文開頭：若不是因為母親健忘，此次旅行不可能有這么多值得回憶的趣事。這種處理首尾呼應(yīng)，內(nèi)容完整，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，保留了文章前后一致的邏輯。

三、自然式結(jié)尾

自然式結(jié)尾是指順著原文思路發(fā)展，完成一件事，按自然趨勢結(jié)束全文。不是所有的文章都一定要有高大上的主題升華式結(jié)尾。某些文章只是記敘生活中的瑣事，或單純講述一件軼聞趣事，并不是要得出怎樣的結(jié)論或領(lǐng)悟多么深刻的思想教訓(xùn)。因此無需刻意生搬硬套一個說教式結(jié)尾，而按照情節(jié)走向自然式收尾，倒給人單純明快的感覺。

例3:2020年1月浙江卷

Afewweekslater,theboyarrivedhomefromtheuniversity.He missed his parents and the dog so much that he first gave his parents a big hug.When the boy caught sight of Poppy,he went rushing toward her and bent down to hold her in his arms,fondly petting her.Suddenly,the boy noticed the little dog.“Oh,what a cute puppy!Who is it?”The boy asked in surprise.His parents laughed cheerfully.“It’s Poppy’s new companion.He also welcomes you home”answered Mom.

解析：此段續(xù)寫原文是講述一位小主人去上大學(xué)了，家里的狗狗因小主人的離開而悶悶不樂。在家人為其增添新的小伙伴（puppy）后，小狗狗又可以愉快地玩耍了。

本文只是講敘發(fā)生在一個家庭中的生活小插曲，并沒有非常鮮明的主題思想，或得出什么經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)。因此只需按照情節(jié)發(fā)展，自然收尾。此處結(jié)尾寫小主人回家看到小狗新伙伴的開心情景，其中的人物語言和情境描寫非常自然，與原文文風(fēng)非常契合。

四、反思式結(jié)尾

反思式結(jié)尾是指作者在結(jié)尾處通過一個心理活動的描寫，進(jìn)行反思或頓悟，從而凸顯篇章的主題，對全文起畫龍點睛的作用。此種結(jié)尾和點題式結(jié)尾一樣，也適合于文章主題鮮明，通過故事闡明道理或得出經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)的文章內(nèi)容；它與對比點題式結(jié)尾有異曲同工之妙。

例4：2021武漢高三三調(diào)

PatrickgothisAs.The inspiring result was a little beyond his expectation.His teacher was pleasantly surprised with his rapid progress.And his classmates applauded him as well.Seized by a strong sense of accomplishment,Patrick went rushing home to share the joy with the elf.However,the elf was nowhere to be found.Suddenly it dawned on Patrick that everyone did have a magic elf in his deep heart and he just needed to wake it up for the good.

解析：此續(xù)寫原文是一篇帶童話故事色彩的文章：一個不愛寫作業(yè)的男孩邂逅一只精靈，精靈許愿幫助小男孩完成作業(yè)。精靈通過巧妙安排，改掉了男孩的壞習(xí)慣，激發(fā)了男孩的潛力，幫助小男孩實現(xiàn)學(xué)業(yè)的成功。此處結(jié)尾描寫了小男孩的頓悟：其實人人心中都住著美好精靈，只需要喚醒它，便可實現(xiàn)自己美好的愿望。該結(jié)尾使用的反思式結(jié)尾很好地突出了文章主題，升華了思想，提升了作文的檔次。

五、留白式結(jié)尾

留白式結(jié)尾是指不用邏輯思維的方式直接了當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)，而是描寫一個動作，一個變化，后面部分留白，給讀著留下一個畫面、一片想象的余地，從而達(dá)到言有盡而意無窮的效果。此結(jié)尾適合于需要營造一定緊張氣氛，故事情節(jié)需要留有一定懸念，以增強趣味性和思考性的文章。

例5：2016.10月浙江卷

Itwasdaybreakwhenshewokeup.She found she herself could barely stand up.Her whole body ached.She struggled to her feet and dragged her feet through the high bushes.Suddenly,to her great joy,she caught sight of a raised land at a distance.Her spirits lifted up and managed to quicken her pace,forgetting all about the aches.After several attempts,she climbed to the top of the high land out of breath.Just when she was catching her breath,she heard a loud noise.“A helicopter!”She desperately waved her arms,yellow blouse in hand.Eventually the pilot spotted her and down came the helicopter.

解析：此續(xù)寫原文講述一位女子因和丈夫吵架負(fù)氣出走，在林中迷路，但最后安全得救的故事。此處結(jié)尾采用的是留白式：飛行員發(fā)現(xiàn)女子，直升機(jī)降落下來。但后續(xù)Jane得救了嗎？心情怎樣？與丈夫相見的情景是怎樣的？這些其實都無需過多交代，因此此處雖戛然而止，卻能留給讀者更多遐想的畫面空間。

六、借景抒情式結(jié)尾

借景抒情是指在文章情節(jié)敘述的最后轉(zhuǎn)為寫景，以景代情作結(jié)，使得短文“此時無情勝有情”，顯得意猶未盡。此類結(jié)尾屬于畫面定格式的場景描寫，情境交融，為文章營造契合的氛圍，適合于文末最后需要氣氛渲染以凸顯主題的文章。

例6：2021高三上湖北期中聯(lián)考

Ontheeighthfloor,Isawamanreadingabookin thedayroom,whohappenedtobeMichaelGoldstein.I slipped approaching him,slowly passing the wallet,breaking the message from Hannah.For a long time,he just stared at the blank before him,merrily,sinking in sweet memories in the past.Then,something like a smile wrinkled the corners of his eyes.Old as he was,he stood up and stepped downstairs swiftly,followed by me.In Hannah’s room,they hugged,tightly.Balmy breeze wiping my face,a sudden warmth just hit me.

解析：此續(xù)寫原文講述作者因一次機(jī)緣巧合幫助一對多年未見的老人安排重逢的感人故事。結(jié)尾將人物的感動心情與微風(fēng)拂面的環(huán)境相結(jié)合，融情于景，情境交融，營造了和諧溫暖的畫面，令人回味，極大加深了讀者感受。