王小蓉 楊友京 王顯斌 羅小蘭
[摘要]目的 探討血清S-100B蛋白和一氧化氮(NO)檢測(cè)對(duì)急性腦出血的臨床評(píng)價(jià)價(jià)值,分析其與急性腦出血患者的臨床癥狀、體征及預(yù)后之間的關(guān)系。方法 選取2009年1月~2014年1月我院收治的80例急性腦出血患者作為急性腦出血組,選取同期在我院體檢的80例健康體檢者作為對(duì)照組。利用多田公式根據(jù)急性腦出血組患者入院頭顱CT片計(jì)算腦出血血腫體積,再將其分為小量出血組(25例),中量出血組(32例)及大量出血組(23例)。所有患者按照美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院腦卒中量表(NIHSS)評(píng)估神經(jīng)功能缺損狀況,再將0~15分作為預(yù)后良好組(52例),16~42分作為預(yù)后惡劣組(28例)。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定法(ELISA)和硝酸還原酶法動(dòng)態(tài)檢測(cè)血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量變化;采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量與出血量的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 腦出血第1天,急性腦出血組的血清S-100B蛋白與NO含量高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組腦出血第3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白與NO含量高于腦出血第1天,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組的血清S-100B蛋白含量與NO含量在腦出血第3天高于第7、10天,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。小量出血組的第1、3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量低于中量出血組和大量出血組,中量出血組腦出血第1、3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量低于大量出血組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。腦出血第1天,預(yù)后惡劣組和預(yù)后良好組的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);預(yù)后惡劣組的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量在腦出血第3、7、10天高于腦出血第1天,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);預(yù)后惡劣組在腦出血第3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量高于預(yù)后良好組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。經(jīng)Pearson相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量與出血量均成正相關(guān)(r1=0.76,r2=0.72,P<0.05),且急性腦出血組患者的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量也成正相關(guān)(r=0.529,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 血清S-100B蛋白與NO檢測(cè)在急性腦出血腦損傷中起著重要作用,臨床上可將血清S-100B蛋白和NO檢測(cè)作為腦出血急性期病情變化的動(dòng)態(tài)觀察指標(biāo)之一,用以估計(jì)預(yù)后、指導(dǎo)治療。
[關(guān)鍵詞]腦出血;血清S-100B蛋白;一氧化氮;腦損傷;臨床評(píng)價(jià)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R743? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2019)10(a)-0060-05
[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical value of serum S-100B protein and NO detection in acute cerebral hemorrhage, and to analyze the relationship with clinical symptoms, signs and prognosis of patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage by serum S-100B protein and NO detection. Methods A total of 80 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to January 2014 were selected as the acute cerebral hemorrhage group, and 80 healthy people who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The volume of hematoma of cerebral hemorrhage was calculated by the Doda formula on the basis of head CT films. According to the size of hematoma, 25 patients were divided into small hemorrhage group, 32 patients in medium hemorrhage groupand 23 patients in large hemorrhage group. Neurological deficits were assessed using the national institutes of health stroke inventory (NIHSS). Then 0 to 15 points were used as the group with good prognosis (52 cases), 16 to 42 points as poor prognosis group (28 cases). The concentration of S-100B protein and NO content were detected dynamically by ELISA and nitrate reductase methods, respectively. Results On the first day of cerebral hemorrhage, serum S-100B protein and NO content in the acute cerebral hemorrhage group were higher than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum S-100B protein and NO content on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days of acute cerebral hemorrhage group were higher than that on the 1st day of cerebral hemorrhage, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05); The serum S-100B protein content and NO content in the acute cerebral hemorrhage group in the 3 rd day after cerebral hemorrhage was higher than those in the 7th and 10th days after cerebral hemorrhage, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum S-100B protein and NO content on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day in the small amount of bleeding group were lower than that in the medium amount of bleeding group and the large amount of bleeding group, and the serum S-100B protein and NO content on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day in the medium amount of bleeding group were lower than those in the large amount of bleeding group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). On the first day of cerebral hemorrhage, there was no significant difference in serum S-100B protein and NO content between the poor prognosis group and the good prognosis group (P>0.05). The serum S-100B protein and NO content in the poor prognosis group on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day of cerebral hemorrhage were higher than those in the first day of cerebral hemorrhage, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum S-100B protein and NO content in the poor prognosis group on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day of cerebral hemorrhage were higher than those in the group with good prognosis, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum S-100B protein and NO content were positively correlated with blood loss (r1=0.76, r2=0.72, P<0.05), and serum S-100B protein and NO content in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage. It was also positively correlated (r=0.529, P<0.05). Conclusion Serum S-100B protein and NO detection plays an important role in brain injury after acute cerebral hemorrhage. The determination of serum S-100B protein and NO detection can be used as one of the dynamic indicators to observe the changes of acute cerebral hemorrhage in order to estimate the prognosis and guide the treatment.
Pearson相關(guān)性分析顯示,急性腦出血組的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量成正相關(guān)(r=0.529,P<0.05)。
3討論
血清S-100蛋白于1965年被Moore BW發(fā)現(xiàn),目前為止,已有21個(gè)家族成員被陸續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)[12]。該蛋白由α、β兩種亞基組成。血清S-100B蛋白是膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞與神經(jīng)元之間相互作用的橋梁,是一類由星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞分泌的細(xì)胞因子[13],它是神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的標(biāo)志性蛋白[14],極易透過(guò)血腦屏障。正常人血清中含量極低且相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定,當(dāng)各種原因?qū)е履X組織受損、血腦屏障破壞,由此產(chǎn)生的大量血清S-100B蛋白透過(guò)血腦屏障,導(dǎo)致血清S-100B蛋白含量升高。因此,通過(guò)檢測(cè)外周血中S-100B蛋白含量可反映腦損害的嚴(yán)重程度[15]。
本次研究提示,急性腦出血組的血清S-100B蛋白高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組腦出血第3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白高于腦出血第1天,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組在腦出血第3天的血清S-100B蛋白含量高于第7、10天,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);小量出血組在腦出血第1、3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白低于中量出血組和大量出血組,中量出血組在腦出血第1、3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白低于大量出血組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);預(yù)后惡劣組在腦出血第3、7、10天的血清S-100B蛋白高于預(yù)后良好組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。因此,檢測(cè)血清中S-100B蛋白,可以不同程度地反映腦出血患者病情的嚴(yán)重程度,用以指導(dǎo)治療,估計(jì)臨床預(yù)后[10]。
NO是在一氧化氮合酶(NOS)催化下生成的,在體內(nèi)扮演著生理和病理的雙重角色。腦內(nèi)NO既可起腦保護(hù)作用,又有神經(jīng)細(xì)胞毒性作用。生理量時(shí),NO具有調(diào)節(jié)血管緊張度、調(diào)節(jié)凝血過(guò)程、介導(dǎo)炎癥反應(yīng)、參與氧化等的作用;在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中,NO主要促進(jìn)遞質(zhì)釋放,參與突觸可逆性過(guò)程,調(diào)節(jié)血腦屏障的通透性,參與腦的高級(jí)功能活動(dòng)等。高濃度的NO具有細(xì)胞毒性作用,可以加重缺血性腦組織損傷。本次研究發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)病第1天,急性腦出血組的血清NO含量含量高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組發(fā)病第3、7、10天血清NO含量高于發(fā)病第1天,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);急性腦出血組在腦出血第3天的NO含量含量高于第7、10天,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);小量出血組在腦出血第1、3、7、10天的NO含量低于中量出血組和大量出血組,中量出血組在腦出血第1、3、7、10天的NO含量低于大量出血組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);預(yù)后惡劣組在腦出血第3、7、10天的NO含量高于預(yù)后良好組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。血清NO含量出現(xiàn)上述變化,可能由于:①腦出血后的應(yīng)激狀態(tài)激活和增加了誘導(dǎo)型NO合成酶的活性,產(chǎn)生過(guò)量的NO;②過(guò)量的NO介導(dǎo)了Glu-Ca-NOS通道,合成過(guò)量的NO;③腦出血后,在大量白細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)以及血紅蛋白代謝產(chǎn)物的影響下,也可誘導(dǎo)組織高表達(dá)誘導(dǎo)型NO合酶,進(jìn)而介導(dǎo)NO的分泌含量增高。上述過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的大量NO,既介導(dǎo)嚴(yán)重的損傷性炎癥瀑布效應(yīng),也導(dǎo)致血腦屏障嚴(yán)重破壞,導(dǎo)致腦損傷加重、患者病情重、預(yù)后差[16-17]。而且腦出血時(shí),產(chǎn)生的大量NO致血腦屏障嚴(yán)重破壞時(shí),本身會(huì)導(dǎo)致血清S-100B蛋白大量滲出,高濃度的血清S-100B蛋白也可以促進(jìn)致炎因子NO增多[18],導(dǎo)致腦損傷加重。尤其出血量大時(shí),通過(guò)各種損傷途徑產(chǎn)生的NO量更多,血腦屏障破壞更嚴(yán)重,通過(guò)破壞的血腦屏障滲出的血清S-100B蛋白也更多,促使致炎因子NO產(chǎn)生增多,可能最終導(dǎo)致出血量大的患者病情更重,預(yù)后更差。經(jīng)Pearson相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),急性腦出血組的血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量成正相關(guān)(r=0.529,P<0.05),提示血清S-100B蛋白與NO含量在腦出血后腦損傷的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過(guò)程中可能起著重要作用,二者可能互為因果,介導(dǎo)了腦出血后的損傷過(guò)程。
綜上所述,對(duì)于急性腦出血患者,可結(jié)合臨床癥狀、頭影像學(xué)檢查結(jié)果及血清S-100B蛋白和NO檢測(cè)結(jié)果,綜合判斷病情嚴(yán)重程度,估計(jì)預(yù)后。因此,臨床上可將血清S-100B蛋白和NO含量檢測(cè)作為腦出血急性期病情變化的動(dòng)態(tài)觀察指標(biāo)之一,但尚缺乏大樣本的臨床資料。
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(收稿日期:2018-11-05本文編輯:焦曌元)