英語中的“伴隨情況”

鄧建平

“伴隨情況（attending circumstance）”是英語句子中的一種比較特別，但又常見的語法現(xiàn)象，它分為伴隨狀態(tài)和伴隨動(dòng)作。英語中的“伴隨情況”常見于下面五種情形，同學(xué)們理解并讀熟，有利于閱讀與寫作。

一、形容詞及形容詞短語在句中表示伴隨狀態(tài)，可置于句首或句末。如：

1. That night， they drank happy. 那天晚上，他們喝地很痛快。

2. Unable to believe her eyes， Jane watched as the small dog swam to the other bank.（=Jane was unable to believe her eyes and she watched as the small dog swam to the other bank.） 珍妮真不相信自己的眼睛，當(dāng)那小狗游向?qū)Π稌r(shí)，她特意觀察。

二、v-ing短語在句中表示伴隨動(dòng)作，可置于句首或句末。例如：

1. Thinking that the work was pretty beneficial， they did it excitedly.（= They thought the work was beneficial and did it excitedly.）想到這項(xiàng)工作大有好處，他們干得興奮起來。

2. They communicated with each other using a kind of code. 他們使用一種密碼，進(jìn)行交流。

3. He stood there for a moment， not knowing what way to go. （=He stood there for a moment and didnt know where to go.）他站在那兒，一時(shí)間不知朝哪邊走。

三、過去分詞短語在句中表伴隨情況，常置于句首或句末。如：

1. Born in the county， he would help with farm work when very young.（=He was born in the county and would help to do farm work when very young.）他出生鄉(xiāng)村，很小的時(shí)候就幫家里干農(nóng)活。

2. Located in a remote valley， the village is more or less separate from the world. 這座村子位于偏僻的山谷，多多少少與世隔絕。

3. The man was wandering in the street， completely lost in thought. 這人在街上徘徊著，完全處于沉思之中。

四、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中表伴隨情況，常置于句首或句末。如：

1. It being Sunday today， we held a family party.（= It was Sunday and we held a family party.）今天是星期日，我們開了一個(gè)家庭晚會(huì)。

2. He fell asleep， book in hand. 他睡著了，手上還拿著書。

五、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中表伴隨情況，常置于句首或句末。如：

1. with + 賓語 + 介詞短語

Guangdong Province is located in Southern China with its capital on the Pearl River.（= Guangdong province is located in Southern China and its capital is on the Pearl River.）廣東省位于華南，省府在珠江邊。

She stood in the snow with her hands in the pockets. 她雙手插在口袋，站在雪地里。

2. with + 賓語 + 形容詞（短語）

With the door half open， she was waiting for mother to come back. 門半掩著，她在等媽媽回來。

With more and more people friendly to him， he feels at home overseas. 越來越多的人友好待他，在海外感到很自在了。

3. with + 賓語 + 副詞

The school campus appears very beautiful with a lot of flowers and trees around. 四周栽滿花草樹木，校園顯得非常美麗。

I could hardly sleep with the light on. 燈開著在，我簡直睡不著。

4. with + 賓語+ 不定式

With the guide to lead us， we are climbing the mountain. 有向?qū)罚覀冞@就開始上山。

He was quite free these days， with nothing to do. 這些天，他無事可干，非常悠閑。

5. with + 賓語 + v-ing

With so many cars and buses running all the time， the traffic here appears rather busy. 這里車流不息，交通十分繁忙。

6. with + 賓語 + 過去分詞

With these fairs properly treated， she felt quite relaxed. 這些事務(wù)得到妥善處理，經(jīng)理頗感輕松。

The famous writer passed away， with that book unfinished. 那本書還沒寫完，這位著名作家就去世了。

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青